Designation: A265 − 12

Standard Specification for

Nickel and Nickel-Base Alloy-Clad Steel Plate1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* Molybdenum Alloy (UNS N06617), and Nickel-Iron-

2
1.1 This specification covers plate of a carbon steel or Chromium-Tungsten Alloy (UNS N06674) Plate, Sheet,
low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously and Strip
bonded on one or both sides a layer of nickel or nickel-base B333 Specification for Nickel-Molybdenum Alloy Plate,
alloy. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use Sheet, and Strip
but may be used in other structural applications where corro- B409 Specification for Nickel-Iron-Chromium Alloy Plate,
sion resistance of the alloy is of prime importance. Sheet, and Strip
B424 Specification for Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu Alloy (UNS
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded N08825, UNS N08221, and UNS N06845) Plate, Sheet,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical and Strip
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only B443 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-
and are not considered standard. Columbium Alloy(UNS N06625) and Nickel-Chromium-
Molybdenum-SiliconAlloy (UNS N06219) Plate, Sheet,
2. Referenced Documents
and Strip
2.1 ASTM Standards:3 B463 Specification for UNS N08020 Alloy Plate, Sheet, and
A6/A6M Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Strip
Structural Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling B575 Specification for Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium-
A20/A20M Specification for General Requirements for Steel Molybdenum, Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium-
Plates for Pressure Vessels Molybdenum-Copper, Low-Carbon Nickel-Chromium-
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing Molybdenum-Tantalum, and Low-Carbon Nickel-
of Steel Products Chromium-Molybdenum-Tungsten Alloy Plate, Sheet,
A578/A578M Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic and Strip
Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applica- B582 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron-
tions Molybdenum-Copper Alloy Plate, Sheet, and Strip
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi- B625 Specification for UNS N08925, UNS N08031, UNS
cal Analysis of Steel Products N08932, UNS N08926, UNS N08354, and UNS R20033
B127 Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (UNS N04400) Plate, Sheet, and Strip
Plate, Sheet, and Strip 2.2 Other Standards:
B162 Specification for Nickel Plate, Sheet, and Strip ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX4
B168 Specification for Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloys (UNS
N06600, N06601, N06603, N06690, N06693, N06025, 3. Terminology
N06045, and N06696), Nickel-Chromium-Cobalt-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 This material is considered as single-clad or double-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, clad nickel or nickel-base alloy clad steel plate, depending on
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee whether one or both sides are covered.
A01.11 on Steel Plates for Boilers and Pressure Vessels.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally 3.1.2 The term plate as used in this specification applies to
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A265 – 09. DOI: material 3⁄16 in. (2.73 mm) and over in thickness, and over 10
10.1520/A0265-12.
2
in. (254 mm) in width.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-265 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A265 − 12
3.1.3 alloy cladding—the nickel or nickel-base alloy com- 5. Materials and Manufacture
ponent of the composite plate. 5.1 Process:
3.1.4 base metal (backing steel)—component to which the 5.1.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric-
alloy cladding is applied, usually the greater percentage of the furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional), or
composite plate and usually consisting of carbon or low-alloy basic-oxygen processes, or by secondary processes whereby
steel. steel made from these primary processes is remelted using, but
3.1.5 integrally and continuously bonded—the process by not limited to electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting
which the alloy cladding and base metal are brought together to processes.
form a metallurgical bond at essentially the entire interface of 5.1.2 The cladding metal may be metallurgically bonded to
the two metals by means other than those processes that do not the base metal by any method that will produce a clad steel that
produce a homogeneous composite plate. will conform to the requirements of this specification.
5.1.3 For explosively bonded products, the alloy cladding
4. Ordering Information metal may be comprised of two or more separate alloy plates
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all or sheets completely welded together to form a single fabri-
requirements that are necessary for material ordered under this cated component.
specification. Such requirements may include, but are not 5.2 Heat Treatment—Unless a specific heat treatment is
limited to the following: required by the cladding material or base steel specification, or
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces). unless otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser and
4.1.2 Heat treatment, if required (see Section 5). manufacturer, the clad plate shall be furnished in a condition
4.1.3 Dimensions, including the thickness of the cladding that is appropriate for the cladding alloy, base metal, or both.
alloy and the backing steel, or of the total composite plate and
if more or less restrictive thickness tolerances apply. 6. Chemical Composition
4.1.4 Cladding alloy specification (see Section 6).
6.1 The composite plate may conform to any desired com-
4.1.5 Base metal specification (see Section 6).
bination cladding metal and base metal as described in 6.2 and
4.1.6 Product analysis, if required. Specify whether appli-
6.3, and as agreed upon between the purchaser and the
cable to the cladding alloy, backing steel, or both (see Section
manufacturer.
10).
4.1.7 Mechanical Properties (see Sections 7, 13, and 14). 6.2 Cladding Metal—The nickel or nickel-base alloy clad-
4.1.8 Restrictions, if required, on repair by welding (see ding metal specified shall conform to the requirements as to
Section 14). chemical composition prescribed for the respective metal in
4.1.9 Additions to the specification or special requirements Specifications B127, B162, B168, B333, B409, B424, B443,
such as applicable construction code rules. B463, B575, B582, and B625, or other nickel-base alloy as
4.1.10 Corrosions tests, if required. agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer.
4.1.11 Notification when the cladding alloy is to be used for 6.3 Base Metal—The base metal shall be carbon steel or
inclusion in the design strength calculations for an applicable low-alloy steel conforming to the ASTM specifications for
construction code. steels for either pressure vessels or general structural
NOTE 1—Construction codes may dictate certain fabrication require- applications, or other, as agreed upon by the purchaser and
ments when the cladding is used in the design calculations that may be manufacturer. The base metal shall conform to the chemical
different than if the cladding is used for corrosion resistance only. This requirements of the specification to which it is ordered.
may be particularly important when the alloy cladding involves the use of
welded components in the explosion bonded clad manufacturing process. 7. Mechanical Properties
It is incumbent on the purchaser to make the clad manufacturer aware of
any such restrictions or applications at time of order. 7.1 Tensile Requirements:
4.2 In addition to the basic requirements of this specification 7.1.1 The tensile properties shall be determined by a tension
and the backing steel specification, certain supplementary test of the composite plate for clad plates that meet all of the
requirements are available when additional control, testing, or following conditions.
examination is required to meet end use requirements. The (1) The nominal composite gage is less than or equal to 11⁄2
purchaser is referred to the listed supplementary requirements in (38 mm).
in this specification and to the detailed requirements in
Specification A20/A20M.
TABLE 1 Weights for Component Materials
4.2.1 Nondestructive examination,
4.2.2 Impact testing, and Density Weight per Square
Foot for Material
4.2.3 Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical 1 in. (25.4 mm)
lb/in.3 g/cm3
Test Coupons (SPWHT). in Thickness, lb
Steel 0.283 7.83 40.80
4.3 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict Nickel 0.321 8.88 46.22
with the requirements of Specification A20/A20M, the require- Nickel-copper alloy 0.319 8.83 45.94
ments of this specification shall prevail. Nickel-chromium-iron 0.307 8.49 44.21
alloy
4.4 Special tests.

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 A265 − 12
(2) The specified minimum tensile strength of the base 7.2.2 Bond Strength—As an alternative to the shear strength
steel is less than or equal to 70 000 psi (485 MPa). test provided in 7.2.1 or when agreed upon by the purchaser
(3) The specified minimum yield strength of the base steel and the manufacturer, or both, three bend tests shall be made
is less than or equal to 40 000 psi (275 MPa). with the alloy cladding in compression to determine the quality
(4) The tensile properties thus determined shall not be less of the bond. These bend tests shall be made in the manner of
than the minimum and not more than 5000 psi (35 MPa) over the tension tests indicated in Fig. 2 and shall be bent through an
the maximum prescribed in the specification for the base steel angle of 180° to the bend diameters provided for in either
used. All other tensile test requirements of the specification for Specification A6/A6M or Specification A20/A20M (Appendix
the base steel shall be met. X4, or equivalent), as applicable. At least two of the three tests
7.1.2 The tensile properties shall be determined by a shall show not more than 50 % separation on both edges of the
tension test of the base steel only for clad plates that meet one bent portion. Greater separation shall be cause for rejection.
of the following conditions. The properties thus determined 7.3 Methods and practices relating to mechanical testing
shall meet all of the tensile test requirements for the base steel. required by this specification shall be in accordance with the
(1) The composite gage is greater than 11⁄2 in. (38 mm). Test Methods and Definitions of A370.
(2) The specified minimum tensile strength of the base
steel is greater than 70 000 psi (485 MPa). 8. Number of Tests and Retests
(3) The specified minimum yield strength of the base steel
is greater than 40 000 psi (275 MPa). 8.1 One or more tension tests, as required by the specifica-
7.1.3 If the cladding is for corrosion allowance only, the tions for the base metal and when specified, one shear test or
cladding need not be included in the tensile test. The tensile three bond bend tests shall be made, representing each plate as
properties thus determined shall meet the base steel require- rolled. Each specimen shall be in the final condition of heat
ments. treatment required for the plate, including any SPWHT if
required.
7.2 Test for strength of the bond, when required, must be
specified by the purchaser and shall consist of one of the 8.2 If any test specimen shows defective machining or
following. develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen
7.2.1 Shear Strength—When required by the purchaser, the substituted.
minimum shear strength of the alloy cladding and base metals
9. Test Specimens
shall be 20 000 psi (140 MPa). The shear test, when specified,
shall be made in the manner indicated in Fig. 1. The minimum 9.1 The tension test specimens shall conform to the require-
cladding thickness for shear testing shall be 0.075 in. (1.9 mm) ments prescribed in the specifications for the base metal.
exclusive as ordered. Testing for shear strength for clad plates 9.2 Bend test specimens for the alternative bond strength
with minimum cladding thickness of 0.075 in (1.9 mm) or less tests shall be taken at right angles to its longitudinal axis.
shall be permitted upon agreement between the purchaser and
the manufacturer.

Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm
0.01 0.254 11⁄2 38.1
1⁄ 8 3.17 2 50.8
1⁄ 4 6.35 3 76.2
1 25.4 8 203.2

NOTE 1—When necessary, it is permissible to use a narrower specimen,

but in such a case the reduced portion shall be not less than 1 in. in width.
NOTE 2—Punch marks for measuring elongation after fracture shall be
Metric Equivalents made on the flat or on the edge of the specimen and within the parallel
in. mm in. mm section; either a set of nine punch marks 1 in. apart, or one or more sets
0.005 0.127 1 25.4
of 8-in. punch marks may be used.
1⁄8 3.17 21⁄2 64.5 NOTE 3—The dimension t is the thickness of the test specimen as
3⁄4 19.1 3 76.2 provided for in the applicable material specifications.

FIG. 1 Test Specimen and Method of Making Shear Test of Clad FIG. 2 Standard Rectangular Test Specimens with 8-in. Gage
Plate Length

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 A265 − 12
9.3 When required by the purchaser, the shear test specimen sufficient cladding thickness available so that there is no
shall be taken near a top or bottom corner of the plate as rolled, contamination from the adjacent base metal.
parallel to its longitudinal axis, or other location that is 10.2 If product analysis is specified by the purchaser for the
representative of the final product. cladding alloy, it shall be made on a sample taken from the
9.4 For plates 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) and under in thickness, finished product or a broken test specimen. For wet chemical
tension test specimens shall be the full thickness of the analysis, in order to avoid contamination by the base plate
material, except as specified in 7.1.2 and 7.1.3. metal, millings of cladding samples shall be taken from the test
9.5 For plates over 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) in thickness, tension coupon by removal and discard of all the base metal plus 40 %
tests shall be of the form shown in Fig. 3 and shall be of all of the cladding thickness from the bonded side, not to exceed
1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm). The material shall be cleaned and sufficient
base steel conforming to the requirements of the specification
for the base steel. millings taken to represent the full cross-section of the remain-
der. If there is insufficient cladding thickness available to
9.6 The bend test specimen used for bond strength determi- spectrographically expose on the center line of the cladding
nation shall be 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) by not more than 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) without contamination, 50 % of the cladding shall be removed
in thickness and shall be machined to the form and dimensions and the sample exposed on this surface.
shown in Fig. 2, or may be machined with both edges parallel.
In reducing the thickness of the specimen, both the alloy 10.3 The results of the product analysis shall conform to the
cladding and the base steel shall be machined so as to maintain requirements of standards referenced in Section 2.
the same ratio of clad metal to base steel as is maintained in the 10.4 Methods and practices relating to chemical analysis
plate, except that the thickness of the clad material need not be required by this specification shall be in accordance with the
reduced below 1⁄8 in. (3.1 mm). The sides of the bend test Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology of A751.
specimen used for bond strength determination may have the 10.5 Results of the product analysis for the backing steel
corners rounded to a radius not over 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) for plates, when required shall conform to the requirements of Section 7
2 in. (50 mm) and under in thickness, and not over 1⁄8 in. (3.1 of Specification A20/A20M or A6/A6M, as applicable.
mm) for plates over 2 in. (50 mm) in thickness.
11. Permissible Variations
10. Product Analysis
11.1 Permissible variations except for thickness shall be in
10.1 Product analysis may be required for the cladding alloy
accordance with Specification A20/A20M or A6/A6M as
on finished product. Chemical analysis may be accomplished
applicable based on the backing specification.
by wet chemical or instrumental procedures. If wet chemical
procedures are used, millings may be taken only when the 11.2 Minimum thickness of the alloy cladding metal and of
composite plate thickness is sufficient to permit obtaining the backing steel, or of the total composite plate shall be as
millings without danger of contamination from the adjacent required by purchase order documents when ordered to mini-
layer. If spectrometric procedures are used, the sample shall be mum thickness.
exposed on the center line of the cladding when there is 11.3 Permissible variation in thickness when ordered to
nominal thicknesses shall be 0.01 in. (0.3 mm) under each for
backing steel or total composite, and 0.03 in. (0.8 mm) under
for the alloy cladding.
11.4 Permissible variations for excess thickness of the total
composite shall be the greater of 0.125 in. (3 mm) or 10 % of
the total composite thickness ordered and may occur in either
backing steel, cladding, or both, provided the minimum for
each is met.
11.5 More restrictive or less restrictive permissible varia-
tions may be agreed upon by the purchaser and the manufac-
Metric Equivalents turer.
in. mm in. mm
0.003 0.076 ⁄
38 9.53 12. Workmanship Finish, and Appearance
0.005 0.127 0.50 12.7
0.01 0.254 2 50.8
12.1 The material shall be free of injurious defects and shall
1⁄8 3.18 21⁄4 64.5 have a workmanlike appearance.

NOTE 1—The gage length and fillets shall be as shown, but the ends
12.2 Unless otherwise specified, the clad surface may be
may be of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way supplied as-rolled, blasted (descaled by means of sand, grit,
that the load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper shot or wire followed by pickling), or 100 % conditioned.
from the ends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. larger in
diameter than the center. 13. Bond Quality
FIG. 3 Standard Round Tension Tests Specimen with 2-in. Gage 13.1 The cladding metal shall be integrally and continu-
Length ously bonded to the base metal.

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 A265 − 12
13.2 Inspection: of test and acceptance standard shall be as agreed upon
13.2.1 Clad plates less than 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) total minimum between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
composite thickness shall be visually inspected for bond 14.2.3 The repair weld shall be deposited in accordance
integrity prior to shipment. with a welding procedure and welding materials suitable for
13.2.2 Clad plates 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) and thicker total minimum the cladding material. The surface condition of the repaired
composite thickness, and when specified by the purchaser, clad area shall be restored to a condition similar to the rest of the
plates less than 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) total minimum composite cladding.
thickness, shall be ultrasonically inspected for bond integrity 14.2.4 The repaired area shall be examined by a liquid
prior to shipment in accordance with the Procedures and penetrant method in accordance with 14.2.2.
Methods of Specification A578/A578M. 14.2.5 The location and extent of the weld repairs together
13.2.3 Areas of non-bond detected visually shall be ex- with the repair procedure and examination results shall be
plored ultrasonically to determine the extent of the condition in transmitted as a part of the certification.
accordance with 13.2.2. For purposes of defining non-bond, the
cladding shall be interpreted to be unbonded when there is 15. General Requirements for Delivery
complete loss of back reflection accompanied by an echo 15.1 Material furnished under this specification shall con-
indication from the plane of the interface of the clad and form to the applicable requirements of Specification A6/A6M
backing steel. Areas within 1 in. (25 mm) of a cut edge on the or A20/A20M as appropriate for the backing metal.
plate that contain indications exceeding 50 % of the back 15.2 In the event of conflicts between this specification and
reflection at the bond interface shall be considered to be the general delivery requirement specification for the backing
unbonded. steel, this specification shall apply.
13.2.4 Extent of ultrasonic examination shall be at the
discretion of the manufacturer and sufficient enough to provide 16. Certification
the quality level required by the purchaser. Plates may be 16.1 The chemical analysis of the base metal and the alloy
ordered with 100 % coverage (see Supplementary Requirement cladding shall be certified to the purchaser by the clad plate
S12). manufacturer.
13.3 Quality Levels: 16.2 The results of the tests in Section 7 and any other tests
13.3.1 Class 1—No single unbonded area exceeding 1 in. required by the purchase order shall be reported to the
(25 mm) in its longest dimension with total unbonded area not purchaser.
to exceed 1 % of the total cladded surface area.
13.3.2 Class 3—No single unbonded area exceeding 3 in. 16.3 Compliance with the clad quality level of 13.3 shall be
(75 mm) in its longest dimension with total unbonded area not certified. Reports shall include the results of ultrasonic inspec-
to exceed 3 % of the total cladded surface area. tion when Supplementary Requirement S12 is specified.
13.3.3 Class 5—No single unbonded area exceeding 9 in.2 16.4 Compliance with any applicable construction code
(58 cm2) with total unbonded area not to exceed 5 % of the shall be certified and the appropriate documentation provided
total cladded surface area. when appropriate in the case of explosively bonded clad
13.3.4 The class to be supplied shall be listed on the produced using welded alloy cladding components (see 4.1.9
purchase order. When none has been specified, plates shall be and 4.1.11).
furnished as Class 5 at the option of the manufacturer.
17. Product Marking
14. Welding 17.1 Except as specified in 17.2, plates shall be marked in
14.1 All welding which is a part of the delivered product, accordance with the requirements of Specification A6/A6M or
including any made in the fabrication of the cladding alloy A20/A20M for the backing steel as applicable, the cladding
component, shall be performed with a procedure and welders alloy designation, and this specification number.
or welding operators that are qualified in accordance with 17.2 For double-clad material or for material under 3⁄8 in.
Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. (6.35 mm) nominal in thickness or for clad plates provided
14.2 The material manufacturer may repair defects in clad- with conditioned surfaces, the marking specified in 17.1 shall
ding by welding provided the following requirements are met: be legibly stenciled instead of stamped when the material is
14.2.1 When specified in the purchase order, prior approval shipped with the alloy surface up.
shall be obtained from the purchaser.
14.2.2 The defective area shall be removed and the area 18. Keywords
prepared for repair shall be examined by a liquid penetrant 18.1 alloy cladding; bond strength; carbon steel; clad steel
method to ensure all defective area has been removed. Method plate; low-alloy steel; nickel; nickel-base alloy

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 A265 − 12
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements shall not apply unless specified on the order. A list of standardized
supplementary requirements for use at the option of the purchaser are included in Specification
A20/A20M. Several of those considered suitable for use with this specification are listed below by
title. Other tests may be performed by agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.

S2. Product Analysis

S3. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical
Test Coupons
S5. Charpy V-Notch Impact Test
S12. Ultrasonic Examination in accordance with Specifica-
tion A578/A578M

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A265 – 09)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Nov. 1, 2012.)

(1) Revised Section 4. (3) Added 14.1 and renumbered accordingly.

(2) Added 5.1.3. (4) Added 16.4.

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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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