Nama : Kevin

NIM : 03031381621083
Kelas : A
Mata Kuliah : Perancangan Alat Proses

Vertical Separators
Example 10.5:
Buatlah desain awal untuk pemisah untuk memisahkan campuran uap dan air;
kg kg
Flow-rate: steam 2000 , water 1000 ; tekanan operasi 4 bar.
h h

Solution:
kg
Dari steam tables, saat 4 bar: saturation temperature 143,6°C, liquid density 926,4 , vapour
m3
kg
density 2,16 m3.
kg
Diketahui: Qsteam = flow-rate steam = 2000 h
kg
Qwater = flow-rate water = 1000 h

Poperation = 4 bar.
Dari steam table (4bar): Tsaturation = 143,6 oC
kg
ρliquid = 926,4 m3
kg
ρvapour = 2,16 m3

𝐦
 Settling Velocity ( 𝐬 ):
1
(ρliquid – ρvapour ) 2 m
vt = 0,07 [ ρvapour
] s
1
kg kg 2
(926,4 – 2,16 ) m
m3 m 3
vt = 0,07 [ kg ]
2,16 3 s
m
m
vt = 1,44798 s
m
vt = 1,45 s

 Karena separation pada condensate dari steam table tidak seperti pada keadaan critical, demister
pad tidak akan spesifik.
m m
Jadi, vt = 0.15 × 1.45 = 0.218
s s

(vs = vt, if a demister pad is used, and 0.15 vt for a separator without a demister pad).
 Vapor volumetric flow-rate (Vv):
Q
Vapor volumetric flow-rate (Vv) = ρ steam
vapour

kg 1 m3 1h
Vapor volumetric flow-rate (Vv) = 2000 | | |
h 2,16 kg 3600 s

m3
Vapor volumetric flow-rate (Vv) = 0,257 s

 Minimum vessel diameter (Dv):

4V
Dv = √πuv
s

Dimana: vs = vt, if a demister pad is used, and 0.15 vt for a separator without a demister pad;
1
(ρliquid – ρvapour ) 2 m
dimana: vt = 0,07 [ ρvapour
] (s)

4Vv
Maka: Dv = √
πus

4V
Dv = √π vv
t

m3
4 × 0,257
Dv = √ s
m
π × 0,218
s

Dv = 1,225 m
Dv = 1,23 m; → dibulatkan menjadi: 1,25 m (4ft)

 Liquid volumetric flow-rate (VL):

Qwater
Liquid volumetric flow-rate (VL) = ρliquid

kg 1 m3 1h
Liquid volumetric flow-rate (VL) = 1000 | | |
h 926,4 kg 3600 s

m3
Liquid volumetric flow-rate (VL) = 0,0002998 s
m3
Liquid volumetric flow-rate (VL) = 2,998 × 10-4 s
m3
Liquid volumetric flow-rate (VL) = 3 × 10-4 s

 Allow a minimum of 10 minutes hold-up:

m3 10 minutes 60 s
Volume held in vessel = 3 × 10−4 | | 1 minutes|
s 1

Volume held in vessel = 0,18 m3

 Liquid depth required (hv):
volume held−up
Liquid depth required (hv) = vessel cross sectional area
0,18 m3
Liquid depth required (hv) = π ×(Dv )2
( )
4

0,18 m3
Liquid depth required (hv) = π ×(1,25 m)2
( )
4

Liquid depth required (hv) = 0,146677 m

Liquid depth required (hv) = 0,15 m

 Tingkatkan menjadi 0,3 m untuk memberikan ruang untuk memposisikan level pengentrol.
Design Vertical liquid-vapour Separator
(From: Example 10.5)

Skala: 1:5
(1m = 5cm) Vapour
Outlet

Demister
pad

0,41667 m
0,4m
min.

Dv = 1,25m

1,0m
min.
Dv = 1,25m

Dv
= 0,625m
2

0,6m
min.

Liquid level
hv = 0,15m
(hv = Liquid depth required)

Liquid
Outlet
 Nama : Kevin
NIM : 03031381621083
Kelas : A
Mata Kuliah : Perancangan Alat Proses

Horizontal Separators
Example 10.6:
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
Design sebuah horizontal separator untuk memisahkan 10.000 liquid, density 962,0 𝑚3 , dari
ℎ
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔
12.500 vapour, density 23,6 . Tekanan operasi vessel akan menjadi 21 bar.
ℎ 𝑚3

kg
Diketahui: Qliquid = flow-rate liquid = 10000 h
𝑘𝑔
ρliquid = density liquid = 962,0 𝑚3
kg
Qvapour = flow-rate vapour = 12500 h
𝑘𝑔
ρvapour = density vapour = 23,6 𝑚3

Poperation = 21 bar

Solution:
𝐦
 Settling Velocity ( 𝐬 ):
1
(ρliquid – ρvapour ) 2 m
vt = 0,07 [ ρvapour
] s
1
kg kg 2
(962,0 – 23,6 ) m
m3 m3
vt = 0,07 [ kg ]
23,6 s
m3
m
vt = 0,4414
s
m
vt = 0,44 s

 Mencoba separator tanpa demister pad.

va = 0,15 × vt
m
va = 0,15 × 0,44 s
m
va = 0,066 s
 Vapour volumetric flow-rate:
Qvapour
Vapour volumetric flow-rate = ρvapour

kg 1 m3 1h
Vapour volumetric flow-rate = 12500 | | |
h 23,6 kg 3600 s

m3
Vapour volumetric flow-rate = 0,147 s

 Ambil:
Lv
hv = 0,5 Dv , =4
Dv

 Cross-sectional area for vapour flow:

π D2v
Cross-sectional area for vapour flow = × 0,5
4

Cross-sectional area for vapour flow = 0,393 Dv2

 Vapour velocity (vv):

Vapour volumetric flow−rate
Vapour velocity, vv = Cross−sectional area for vapour flow
m3
0,147
s
Vapour velocity, vv = 0,393 D2v

Vapour velocity, vv = 0,374 Dv-2

 Vapour residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface:
h
Vapour residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface = vv
a

0,5 Dv
Vapour residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface = 0,066

Vapour residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface = 7,5757 Dv
Vapour residence time required for the droplets to settle to liquid surface = 7,58 Dv

 Actual residence time:

vessel length
Actual residence time = vapour velocity
L
Actual residence time = vv
v

4D
Actual residence time = 0,374 Dv −2
v

Actual residence time = 10,695 Dv3

Actual residence time = 10,7 Dv3
 For satisfactory separation required residence time = actual.
Jadi,
7,58 Dv = 10,7 Dv3
Dv = 0,84 m, terbilang 0,92m (3ft, ukuran standar pipa)

 Liquid hold-up time:

 Liquid volumetric flow-rate:
Q
Liquid volumetric flow-rate = ρ water
liquid

kg 1 m3 1h
Liquid volumetric flow-rate = 10000 | | |
h 962,0 kg 3600 s

m3
Liquid volumetric flow-rate = 0,0028875 s
m3
Liquid volumetric flow-rate = 0,00289 s

 Liquid cross-sectional area:

π D2v
Liquid cross-sectional area = × 0,5
4
π × (0,92 m)2
Liquid cross-sectional area = × 0,5
4

Liquid cross-sectional area = 0,332 m2

 Length:
Lv = 4 × Dv
Lv = 4 × 0,92 m
Lv = 3,68 m

 Liquid Volume (hold-up volume):

Hold-up volume = Liquid cross-sectional area × Lv
Hold-up volume = 0,332 m2 × 3,68 m
Hold-up volume = 1,22176 m3
Hold-up volume = 1,22 m3
 Liquid Time (hold-up time):
Liquid Volume (hold−up volume)
Hold-up time = Liquid flow−rate (Liquid volumetric flow−rate)
1,22 m3
Hold-up time = m3
0,00289
s

422,145 s 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒𝑠
Hold-up time = | |
1 60 𝑠

Hold-up time = 7,03575 minutes

Hold-up time = 7 minutes

 Ini tidak memuaskan, diperlukan minimum 10 menit. Perlu menambahkan volume liquid. Hal ini
paling baik dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan diameter vessel. Jika tinggi liquid dijaga
setengah dari diameter vessel, diameternya harus dinaikkan dengan sebuah factor roughly:
10 minutes 0,5
( 7 minutes ) = 1,195 = 1,2

 Dv baru:
Dv = 1,2 × 0,92 m
Dv = 1,104 m
Dv = 1,1 m

 Check liquid residence time:

 New liquid volume:
π D2v
New liquid volume = × 0,5 × (4 × Dv)
4
π (1,1 m)2
New liquid volume = × 0,5 × (4 × 1,1 m)
4

New liquid volume = 2,0907 m3

New liquid volume = 2,09 m3
 New residence time:
New liquid volume
New residence time = Liquid volumetric flow−rate

2,09 m3
New residence time = m3
0,00289
s

New residence time = 723,18339 s

723s 1 minutes
New residence time = | |
1 60 s

New residence time = 12,05 minutes

New residence time = 12 minutes, statisfactory
 Peningkatan diameter vessel juga akan mengubah vapour velocity dan tinggi diatas permukaan
liquid. Liquid separation masih akan memuaskan seperti kecepatan, dan karena itu recidence-
time, berbanding terbalik dengan diameter kuadrat, dimana jarak tetesan harus jatuh berbanding
lurus dengan diameter. Dalam prakteknya, jarak yang ditempuh oleh vapour akan kurang dari
panjang vessel, Lv, seperti vapour masuk dan nozzle keluar akan ditetapkan dari ujung. Ini bisa
diijinkan untuk di desain tapi akan membuat sedikit perbedaan.