DESIGN OF ISOLATED FOOTING

References Calculations Output

a) MATERIAL CONSTANTS

fck = 20 N/𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 = 415 N/𝑚𝑚2
P = 590 KN
b = 200 mm
D = 400 mm
Effective cover for bottom steel = 60 mm
Offset from the column face,e = 50 mm
Bearing capacity of soil,𝑓𝑏 = 150 KN/𝑚2

b) PROPORTIONING OF BASE SIZE

Axial Load on column,P = 590 KN P=590 KN

Self weight of footing at 10% × P = 59 KN
Total load = 590 + 59
= 649 KN
649
Area of footing,𝐴𝑓 = 150
𝐴𝑓 =
= 4.32 𝑚2
4.32 𝑚2
Assuming equal projection in two orthogonal directions, required
Length of footing
𝐷−𝑏 𝐷−𝑏 2
𝐿𝑓 =( ) + √( ) + 𝐴𝑓
2 2
400−200 400−200 2
=( ) + √( ) + 4.32 × 106
2 2 𝐿𝑓 =
= 2180 mm 2200 mm
Say 2200 mm
Projection of the footing about the x-axis from the face of the
Column,
𝐿 −𝐷
𝐶𝑥 = 𝑓2
2200−400
= 2
= 900 mm 𝐶𝑥 =
= 0.9 m 900 mm
Breadth of footing ,𝐵𝑓 = b + 2𝐶𝑥
= 200 + 2×0.9 𝐵𝑓 =
= 2000 mm 2000 mm
Adopt size of footing = 2200 mm × 2000 mm
Area of footing provided = 2.2 ×2
= 4.4 > 4.32 𝑚2
 590 𝑤𝑢 =
Upward factored soil pressure,𝑤𝑢 = 1.5 × 4.4
201.14
= 201.14 KN/𝑚2
KN/𝑚2
c) DEPTH OF FOOTING FROM BM CONSIDERATION

Ultimate moment at column face parallel to x-axis

𝑤𝑢 ×𝐵𝑓 ×𝐶𝑥 2
𝑀𝑢𝑥 = 2 𝑀𝑢𝑥 =
201.14×2×0.92
= 162.92
2
= 162.92 KNm KNm

Width of footing at top,b1 = b + 2e

= 200 + 2×50
= 300 mm b1=300mm
𝑅𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.138 xfck = 0.138 x 20 = 2.76
Required effective depth for bending about x-axis
𝑀𝑢𝑥
dx = √𝑅
𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑏1

162.92×106
=√ 2.76×300 dx=444mm
= 444 mm

Ultimate moment at column face parallel to y-axis

𝑤𝑢 ×𝑙𝑓 ×𝐶𝑥 2
𝑀𝑢𝑦 = 𝑀𝑢𝑦 =
2
201.14×2.2×0.92 179.21
= KNm
2
= 179.21 KNm

Length of footing at top with 50 mm level projection beyond

Column face on all sides

D1 = D + 2e
= 400 + 2×50 D1=
= 500 mm 500mm
Required effective depth for bending about y-axis
𝑀𝑢𝑦
dy = √𝑅
𝑢.𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐷1

179.21×106
=√ dy=
2.76×500
= 357 mm 357mm

Provide total depth of 1.25 x 444(larger of dx and dy)=555 mm

and minimum thickness at the end of equal to Df.min = 200 mm
(SP 34)
 Effective cover for bottom steel,𝑑 ′ x = 60mm 𝑑′ x =
Effective depth for bending about x-axis, 60mm
dx = 555 – 60
= 495 mm dx=495mm

Assume dia of bar of 10mm, effective depth about y-axis

dy = 495-10
=485mm dy=485mm
𝑑 ′ y = 60+10 =70mm 𝑑 ′ y=70mm
d)CHECK FOR DEPTH OF FOOTING FOR TWO WAY
SHEAR(PUNCHING SHEAR)
𝑑𝑦
Critical section is taken at a distance 2 from the periphery of the
Column
Perimeter at critical section =2(200+400+2×485) Perimeter =
= 3140 mm 3140 mm
Effective depth D2 at peripheral section
2200−400−50
X1 = 2
= 875 mm
Y1 = 555-150
= 405 mm
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
Y2 = ( 2 − 𝑒) (𝑋1 )
1
485 405
= ( 2 − 50) (875)
= 89
D2 = 555 – 89 - 70
= 396 mm
Area resisting shear A2 = perimeter x effective depth A2 =
= 3140 x 396 1243440
= 1243440 𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
Shear resistance by concrete
Vuc2= 𝜏uc2 ×A2
′
where 𝜏uc2 = Ks𝜏 𝑢𝑐
𝑏
Ks =(0.5 + 𝐷) ≯ 1
200
=(0.5 + 400)
=1

𝜏 ′ 𝑢𝑐 = 0.25√𝑓𝑐𝑘
= 0.25√20
= 1.118 N/𝑚𝑚2

Hence 𝜏uc2 = 1 x 1.118

= 1.118N/𝑚𝑚2
 1.118×1243440
Vuc2 = Vuc2=
1000
= 1390 KN 1390 KN

Design shear to which the column subjected

𝑉𝑢𝑑2 = 𝑤𝑢 [𝐿𝑓 x𝐵𝑓 -(D+d)x(b+d)]x10−6

𝑉𝑢𝑑2 =
= 201.14[2200x2000-(400+485)x(200+485)]x10−6
763 KN
= 763 KN
Vuc2 > 𝑉𝑢𝑑2
The section is safe
e)AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED

Required area of steel for bending about x-axis

0.5𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6𝑀𝑢
Astx = [1 − √1 − 𝑓 2
] bd
𝑓𝑦 𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

0.5×20 4.6×162.92×106
= [1 − √1 − ] 300 × 495
415 20×300×4952

= 1072.89 𝑚𝑚2
0.85×𝑏𝑓 ×𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓 𝑦
0.85×300×495
= 415
= 304.15 𝑚𝑚2
Provide 14 no:10mm # bars
Area pro =
∴ Area provided =1099.55 𝑚𝑚 2 1099.55
𝑚𝑚2
Required area of steel for bending about y-axis

0.5𝑓𝑐𝑘 4.6𝑀𝑢
Astx = [1 − √1 − 𝑓 2
] bd
𝑓𝑦 𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑

0.5×20 4.6×179.21×106
= [1 − √1 − ] 500 × 495
415 20×500×4952

= 1105.75 𝑚𝑚2
0.85×𝑏𝑓 ×𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡𝑥.𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑦
0.85×500×495
= 415
= 506.92 𝑚𝑚2
Provide 15 no:10mm # bars Area pro =
1178.09
∴ Area provided =1178.09 𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
 f)CHECK FOR ONE WAY SHEAR

One way shear should be checked for bending about both x and y
Axis .Since the effective depth dy is less than dx ,shear for
bending about y-axis is normally critical

a) BENDING ABOUT Y-AXIS

Depth of footing above rectangular portion at critical section
𝑦
D1 = Y1-(dy-e)𝑥1
1
Y1 = 555-200 = 355 mm
X1 = Cy-e
= 900 – 50
= 850 mm
355
D1 = 355 –[(485 – 50) 850]
= 173 mm
Width of footing at critical section
B2 = D +2dy
= 400 + 2× 485
= 1370 mm
Area of footing at critical section
(𝐵2 +𝐿𝑓 )𝐷1
𝐴𝑦 =[ ]+(𝑑
𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 -𝑑′ y )× 𝐿𝑓
2
(1370+2200)×173 𝐴𝑦 =
=[ ]+(200 -70)× 2200 594805
2
= 594805 𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
IS 456:2000 100×1178.09
% of steel,𝑝𝑡𝑦 = 594805
Table 19
Pg 73 = 0.19 %
𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 =
Design shear stress,
𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0.312 N/𝑚𝑚2 0.312
N/𝑚𝑚2
Shear resisted by concrete,
0.312×594805
𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 =
1000
= 186 KN 186 KN

𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 = 𝑤𝑢 × 𝑙𝑓 (𝐶𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 )10−6

= 201.14 × 2200(900 − 485)10−6 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 =
= 183.64 KN 183.64 KN
𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 > 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦
Hence the section is safe
 a) BENDING ABOUT X-AXIS

The critical section for one way shear occurs at a distance of dx

from the face of column

Depth of footing above rectangular portion at critical section

𝑦
D3 = Y1-(dx-e)𝑥1
1
Y1 = 555-200 = 355 mm
X1 = Cy-e
= 900 – 50
= 850 mm

355
D3 = 355 –[(495 – 50) ]
850
= 169 mm

Width of footing at critical section

B3 = b +2dx
= 200 + 2×495
= 1190 mm

Area of footing at critical section

(𝐵3 +𝐷𝑓 )𝐷3
𝐴𝑦 =[ ]+(𝑑
𝑓.𝑚𝑖𝑛 -𝑑 ′ x )× 𝐷𝑓
2
(1190+2000)×169
𝐴𝑦 =
=[ ]+(200-60)× 2000 549555
2
= 549555 𝑚𝑚2 𝑚𝑚2
IS 456:2000
Table 19 100×1099.55
Pg 73
% of steel,𝑝𝑡𝑦 = 549555
= 0.20 %
𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 =
Design shear stress,
0.32
𝜏𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 0.32 N/𝑚𝑚2
N/𝑚𝑚2
Shear resisted by concrete,
0.32×549555
𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 = 𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 =
1000
= 176 KN 176 KN

𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 = 𝑤𝑢 × 𝐷𝑓 (𝐶𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥 )10−6

= 201.14 × 2000(900 − 495)10−6 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦 =
= 163 KN 163 KN
𝑉𝑢𝑐𝑦 > 𝑉𝑢𝐷𝑦
Hence the section is safe