Chapter 03: Methodology

The methodology is defined as the philosophical framework in which the research has

been conducted or the basis on which the study depends. The methodology chapters in the study

establish the research designs, approaches, highlighting the details, justifications and other action

to effectively analyses the different parameters of the research.

3.1 Research Design

The main agenda of doing the study is to create an understanding and knowledge related

to the entitled topic. The design of this research is based on descriptive nature because of the in-

depth analysis and understanding level of the end-user. Descriptive study is essential and useful

because it provides the understanding and helps to create the evidence in the methodology along

with this it will help to analyse the parameters and make the end-user to understand and build the

knowledge of the proposed topic critically. The critical discussion helps to make the study more

valuable in terms of its discussion, analysis and research. This particular section helps to present

the brief explanation, insight and involvement of the research topic. This specific section covers

the different methods of gathering the data to do critical analysis. For the useful study, it

becomes necessary for the researcher to use the data collection technique and methodology

which enables the researcher to cover the study from different perspectives. In terms of primary

research method data has been collected through questionnaires and interviews. In terms of

collecting the secondary data, data has been mined through research papers that hold the

academic relevance and were published in recent past years. The nature of this study is

conducted in a secondary manner which is the gathering of data through different secondary

sources. Secondary research is explained as the analysis and interpretation of investigations that

have been accompanied before. It is mentioned as the research in which the scholar is not openly
intricate in mining the raw data, but the researcher involves extracting data from the studies that

have already been previously conducted. In this manner, this exploration has monitored the

secondary research design, as it was useful and feasible to prove and support the context and

content of the study through authorised, available and reliable sources of literature.

3.2 Research Approach

In this discussion the research approach which is used in deductive due to quantitative

nature of the study. A deductive approach is pertaining with the development of the

hypothesis based on the already exist theories and afterwards designing the appropriate

research strategy to test and analyze the artifacts of the hypothesis.it has been mentioned

that deductive means the reasoning from some specific to general parameter. With

regards to the link or casual relationship appears to be oblique by a specific case or theory

example. It can be true in several cases. A design related to the deductive approach my

test the artefacts to see that thee relationship or the link between the aspects did get on

more overall conditions. Deductive approach can be clarified with regards to the

hypotheses, which can be resultant from the proposals of the philosophy. In other words,

the concern of the deductive approach with subtracting decisions from propositions or

premises. Deductive approach bids the subsequent compensations: Opportunity to

elucidate fundamental relations among notions and variables, Opportunity to degree

notions quantitatively, Opportunity to simplify study verdicts to a certain degree.

3.3 Research Philosophy

It is a vast area to be discussed. It deals with the nature, source and expansion of

knowledge. In other words research philosophy is the certainty about how the analysis on

composed data is done along with the use of that data in relevant contexts. Including research

philosophy in the thesis covers and formulates the assumptions and beliefs. The central idea of

research philosophy is to underline as every person have a different view and perspectives of

analysing and doing things. Such a process or procedure operated in those ideas is known as the

philosophy. Philosophy is related to the understanding and the beliefs about what is the

mechanism and different perspectives of the academic purposed, world, focuses primarily on

reality, existing and knowledge. Research philosophy has an essential role in doing the research

successfully. It has an integral part of playing an adequate role in providing relevant information

and for in-depth analysis. Research philosophies are usually systematic and help the researcher in

making a detailed framework for the research, which creates insight and involvement regarding

the topics.

It also enables the scholar to comprehend the different perceptions of the respondents

who have to be targeted. Researchers are also able to get the insights into their proposed topics

and because of this the researcher use the research approaches and techniques appropriately. It

has different pillars which can be used by the researcher for the research purpose such

components are “Positivism philosophy”, “Realism philosophy”, “Interpretivism philosophy”,

and “Pragmatism philosophy”. In this study the positivism philosophy has been used which is

based on the idea that science is the solitary technique to study about the certainty. Positivism be

contingent on calculable and computable clarifications that lead to analyses of data in statistical

manner. It has been renowned that “as a philosophy, positivism is in agreement with the
pragmatist view that information stalks from humanoid involvement. Positivism frequently

includes the use of current philosophy to mature the hypotheses which is to be tested throughout

the process of research. Science can be quantified as a foundation in positivism research

philosophy.

3.4 Research Method

Generally, there are two main methods of research, and that is the quantitative research

method and qualitative research method. Quantitative research method helps researchers to

measure the problem by using numerical data or data that is transformed in statistics.

Researchers to measure the behaviours, opinions and attitudes use quantitative research method.

Researchers used a qualitative research method to create an understanding of different

motivations, beliefs and reasons. Qualitative research method helps researchers to get vision into

glitches and develop ideas for research. Qualitative research method varies from different

techniques such as unstructured techniques and semi-structured techniques. In this study the

quantitable method has been used by the researcher in the form of gathering data from secondary

sources and conducting a statistical analysis on such eveidences. This precise part of secondary

data discoveries wants to be censoriously examined and accurately understood over associating it

to additional discoveries within the outline of the particular research.

3.5 Research Strategy

There are generally two techniques of data collection. One is the primary collection

technique, and the other one is the secondary collection technique. The primary data collection

technique helps researchers to collect data through questionnaires, participants, interviews, focus

group meetings and surveys. Whereas, in secondary data, collection technique researchers collect
data from different search engines, books, government publications, internal records, articles,

journals and many more. The strategy that is applied in such study is the secondary approach.

This can be verified by several aspects of this study. The writer have used the technique of

secondary data to take the from time series of different years.

3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion

During the process of collecting and gathering the data from different sources, the

researcher has identified that there is plenty and sufficient of data is available many researchers

to make their research reliable, authenticate and valid they use the inclusion and exclusion

criteria. This helps to make the research authentic, accurate and reliable. Authors or researchers

have been adopted the inclusion and exclusion criteria to include the information and to analyse

the results that fall or have a relation to the selected topic or standards. Authors or researchers

used inclusion and exclusion criteria to regulate whether there is research or the considered topic

is acceptable or not. It assists the researcher to work effectively and efficiently to generate

quality artefacts for the readers and the other beings who can gain the benefits from the entitled

study.

3.7 Data Analysis

Data analysis plays a vital role in implementing the study because it regulates whether the

research to accomplish its aims, objectives and purposes or not. There are generally two types of

data analysis, the first data type is in the form of a record and the second data type is in the way

of a transcript. In this study, the secondary form of data has been used which is in the form of

transcript. Data Analysis is an essential area of research and specifically the research

methodology. As it is influenced by the research questions and the purpose of study, where the
objectives are playing a pivotal role in determining the data analysis technique. The data analysis

as stated have been using positivism approach and was identifying the real phenomenon behind

the need of translators. The themes that were frequent, repetitive and have similar

correspondences were known and recognized. For this study, the analysis of data has been done

on the secondary factor. Having a focus on the quantitaive approach. For the process of

analysing the data, the sustainability trends in the world along with the developing countries

related to the entitled topic have been evaluated critically and deeply.

3.9 Sampling

The method of sapling used in this research is Theoretical sampling which can be distinct

as “the process of data collection for generating theory whereby the analyst jointly collects,

codes and analyses his data and decides what data to collect next and where to find them in order

to develop his theory as it emerges”. In other words, theoretical sampling can be demarcated as

the procedure of gathering, analyzing and coding the data in a concurrent way in order to

produce a theory. Theoretical sampling is diverse from numerous additional sampling methods in

a means that slightly than existence illustrative of populace or challenging or testing the

hypotheses, theoretical sampling is intended at producing and emerging theoretical data.

3.8 Ethical Consideration

For conducting the compelling study, it is necessary for the researcher to use ethical

practices. The secondary data collection technique was used which was mainly related to the

literature review. The researcher has to make sure that all the information is from authentic and

reliable sources because giving the wrong information to the reader is unethical. In the process of

research, the data is cited correctly with the proper references so that the credit can be given to
the real author. The information is not changed from the researcher's end so that the readers can

get the information that is genuine and useful. The data is gathered from reliable sources, and it

must be cited and referenced correctly to make sure that there is no problem of copyright and

legal issues for the researcher. The ethics of the research must be considered appropriate for the

formulation of the compelling research which is a refined manner of the data collection process,

and it helps the researcher to enhance the quality of the study

3.9 Reliability/Validity

Validity is defined as the degree of measuring accurately any concept in the quantitative

study, reliability related to the consistency of a metric or measure. To maintain the reliability and

validity of the research, published papers were searched on different research engines like

Research gate, Google Scholar and many more. With the context of this research and quantitative

approach, the researcher has used the interview and questionnaire to make the research reliable

and to make it validate. Also, the researcher has conducted the data on the project managers and

software developers who have the experience in their domain and by understanding and

analysing the data the researcher can easily apply on a larger scale,

3.10 Limitations

Limitations of quantitative research are mentioned as; Quantitative research typically

necessitates a large sample size. Nevertheless, due to the absence of possessions this large-scale

investigation or examination becomes unbearable. In many emerging nations, absorbed

gatherings e.g. non-government or government organizations, public facility workers,

educational vicinity, etc. may have the deficiency of the information and particularly the

possessions desirable to conduct a detailed quantitative research. Occasionally investigators

face glitches to regulate the situation where the respondents deliver responses to the queries in

the study.