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Blind Stick Using Transmitter and Receiver

This document describes a smart blind stick project using an Arduino Nano that uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles, an LDR to sense lighting conditions, and an RF remote to help a blind person locate their stick. The stick provides feedback to the user through a buzzer. It has two circuits - the main circuit mounted on the stick uses sensors to detect obstacles and lighting, and a small RF transmitter circuit used as a remote to locate the stick. When sensors detect obstacles or issues with lighting, the buzzer beeps, and pressing the remote button causes a long beep to help locate the stick.

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ANISH RAMAN
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
318 views

Blind Stick Using Transmitter and Receiver

This document describes a smart blind stick project using an Arduino Nano that uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles, an LDR to sense lighting conditions, and an RF remote to help a blind person locate their stick. The stick provides feedback to the user through a buzzer. It has two circuits - the main circuit mounted on the stick uses sensors to detect obstacles and lighting, and a small RF transmitter circuit used as a remote to locate the stick. When sensors detect obstacles or issues with lighting, the buzzer beeps, and pressing the remote button causes a long beep to help locate the stick.

Uploaded by

ANISH RAMAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BLIND STICK USING TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER

The blind stick will have an Ultrasonic sensor to sense distance from any obstacle,
LDR to sense lighting conditions and a RF remote using which the blind man could
remotely locate his stick. All the feedbacks will be given to the blind man through a
Buzzer.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:
Arduino Nano
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
LDR
Buzzer and LED
7805
433MHz RF transmitter and receiver
Resistors
Push button
Perf board
Soldering Kit
9V batteries

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

This Arduino Smart Blind Stick Project requires two separate circuits.

One is the main circuit which will be mounted on the blind man’s stick.

The other is a small remote RF transmitter circuit which will be used to locate the
main circuit.

The main board’s circuit diagram is shown below:


The RF remote circuit is shown below. Its working is also further explained.

As we can see an Arduino Nano is used to control all the sensors.

The complete board is powered by a 9V battery which is regulated to +5V using a


7805 Voltage regulator.
The Ultrasonic sensor is powered by 5V and the trigger and Echo pin is connected
to Arduino nano pin 3 and 2 as shown above.

The LDR is connected with a resistor of value 10K to form a Potential divider and
the difference in voltage is read by Arduino ADC pin A1.

The ADC pin A0 is used to read the signal from RF receiver.

The output of the board is given by the Buzzer which is connected to pin 12.

The data pin of the receiver is passed through an RC filter and then given to the
Arduino .

whenever the button is pressed the Receiver output some constant ADC value
repeatedly.

This repetition cannot be observed when the button is not pressed.

So we write the Arduino program to check for repeated values to detect if the button
is pressed.

So that is how a Blind person can track his stick.

WORKING OF THE PROJECT

Power both the circuits using a 9V battery and you should start to see results.

Move the Ultra Sonic sensor closer to object and you will notice the Buzzer beeping
and this beeping frequency increases as the stick goes closer to object.

If the LDR is covered in dark or if there is too much light the buzzer will beep.

If everything is normal the buzzer will not beep.

When you press the button on the remote the buzzer will give a long beep
TRANSMITTER

A transmitter is an electronic device used in telecommunications to produce radio


waves in order to transmit or send data with the aid of an antenna.

The transmitter is able to generate a radio frequency alternating current that is then
applied to the antenna, which, in turn, radiates this as radio waves.

RECEIVER

A receiver is a hardware module or device used to receive signals of different kinds,


depending on the context of the application.

It may receive analog electromagnetic signals or waves, or digital signals through


wired media. The term receiver, however, is mostly used in communication,
specifically wireless communication in terms of networking and cellular
communication.

It is the device that receives and decodes signals and then conditions or transforms
them into something that another machine or computer understands.

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