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Analog Communication
Assignment 1 (Corresponding to Lecture 1-7 Fourier Series)

Question 1:

Power of energy signal is always zero.

a. True
b. False

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
Power of energy signal is zero.

Question 2:

Energy signal is always of finite duration

a. True
b. False

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
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Consider e−t u(t).

Question 3:

Power signal can also be of finite duration

a. True
b. False

Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
Finite duration signal has finite energy and hence zero power.

Question 4:
∞
 
P 2πnt
If the Fourier series of the signal is given by: x(t) = a0 + an cos +
n=1 T
∞
 
P 2πnt
bn sin and the MODIFIED exponential Fourier series of the same signal
n=1 T
∞
P
is given by: x(t) = cn exp(−2πjnt/T ). Which of the following relation is true
n=−∞
for n > 0 ?

a. an = cn + c−n , bn = j(c−n − cn )
b. an = cn + c−n , bn = j(cn − c−n )
c. an = cn + jc−n , bn = (cn − c−n )
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d. an = cn + jc−n , bn = j(cn − c−n )

Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
Replace n by n in the original relation between the coefficients

Question 5:
∞
 
P 2πnt
If the Fourier series of the signal is given by: x(t) = a0 + an cos +
n=1 T
∞
 
P 2πnt
bn sin . For any half-wave symmetric signal x(t)
n=1 T
 T

i.e. x(t) = −x t − , which of the following quantity is identically zero?
2
a. both an and b2n
b. both a2n and bn
c. both a2n and b2n
d. None of these

Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
2 RT 2 h R T /2 RT i
See that an = x(t)cos(2πf nt)dt = x(t)cos(2πf nt)dt+ T /2 x(t)cos(2πf nt)dt .
T 0 T 0
T 2hRT
Now substitute t = z− for the first integral in the sum. Then, an = x(t)cos(nπ−
RT 2 i T T /2
2πf nt)dt + T /2 x(t)cos(2πf nt)dt . Hence, a2n = 0. Similarly, b2n = 0.
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Question 6:

Find out whether the following signal is an energy signal or a power signal. If
it is an energy signal, then find out its energy and if it is a power signal, then find
out its power.
(
exp(−at), t ≥ 0
x(t) =
0, otherwise

1
a. Power,
2a
1
b. Power, 2
4a
1
c. Energy,
2a
1
d. Energy, 2
4a
Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
Energy of the signal is given by,
Z ∞ Z ∞
2 1
x (t)dt = exp(−2at)dt = .
0 0 2a

Question 7:

If ω = 2πf , then which of the following relation is true? δ(.) is the usual Dirac delta
function.
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1
a. δ(ω) = δ(f )
2π
b. δ(ω) = 2πδ(f )
c. δ(2πω) = δ(f )
2
d. δ(ω) = δ(f ).
π
Correct Answer : a

Detailed Solution:
1
We know that δ(ax) = δ(x). Therefore, option (a) is correct.
|a|

Question 8:

Find the power of the signal: x(t) = A cos(ω1 t + θ1 ) + B cos(ω2 t + θ2 ). Assume

(A + B)2
a.
2
A + B2
2
b.
2
A + B 2 + 2AB cos(θ1 − θ2 )
2
c.
2
A2 + B 2 + 2AB cos(ω1 − ω2 )
d. .
2
Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
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Note that Z T
1
lim cos(ωt + θ)dt = 0
T →∞ T 0
. Therefore,
Z T Z T
1 2 1 1
lim cos (ωt + θ)dt = lim (1 + 2 cos(ωt + θ))dt =
T →∞ T 0 T →∞ 2T 0 2

Z T Z T
1 1
lim cos(ω1 t + θ1 ) cos(ω2 t + θ2 )dt = lim cos(ω̃1 t + θ̃1 )dt
T →∞ T 0 T →∞ 2T 0
Z T
1
+ lim cos(ω̃2 t + θ̃2 )dt = 0
T →∞ 2T 0

where ω˜1 = (ω1 + ω2 ), ω˜2 = (ω1 − ω2 ), θ˜1 = (θ1 + θ2 ), θ˜2 = (θ1 − θ2 ). Note that this
6 0 i.e., ω1 6= ω2 . Thus, we obtain the following result:
result is valid if and only if ω˜2 =

1 T 2
Z
lim x (t)dt
T →∞ T 0

1 T 2
Z
A cos2 (ω1 t + θ1 ) + B 2 cos2 (ω2 t + θ2 ) + 2AB cos(ω1 t + θ1 ) cos(ω2 t + θ2 ) dt

= lim
T →∞ T 0

(A2 + B 2 )
=
2

Question 9:

For the same signal given in Q8, find the power when ω1 = ω2 .

(A + B)2
a.
2
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A2 + B 2
b.
2
A + B 2 + 2AB cos(θ1 − θ2 )
2
c.
2
2 2
A + B + 2AB cos(ω1 − ω2 )
d.
2
Correct Answer : c

Detailed Solution:
Continuing the notion introduced in the previous question, we have ω̃2 = 0 when
ω1 = ω2 . In this case, the cross term, therefore, changes to:
1 T
Z
1
lim cos(ω1 t + θ1 ) cos(ω2 t + θ2 )dt = cos (θ1 − θ2 )
T →∞ T 0 2
. Thus, we have,
Z T
1 1 2
x2 (t)dt = A + B 2 + 2AB cos (θ1 − θ2 )

lim
T →∞ T 0 2
.

Question 10:

Let x(t) be a periodic signal with period T . The signal is defined over a the interval
[−T /2, T /2] as follows:



0, − T /2 ≤ −aT
1

x(t) = , − aT ≤ t ≤ aT

 2aT
0, aT ≤ t ≤ T /2

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∞
 
P 2πnt
If the Fourier series of the signal is given by: x(t) = a0 + an cos +
n=1 T
∞
 
P 2πnt
bn sin , then
n=1 T

1 sin(πna)
a. a0 = , an = 0, bn =
2T 2aT πn
1 sin(2πna)
b. a0 = , an = , bn = 0
T aT πn
sin(πa) sin(πna)
c. a0 = , an = 0, bn =
2T 2aT πn
1 sin(2πna)
d. a0 = , an = 0, bn =
T aT πn
Correct Answer : b

Detailed Solution:
The coefficients are given as follows:
Z T /2 Z aT
1 1 dt 1
a0 = x(t)dt = = ,
T −T /2 T −aT 2aT T
T /2
2 aT 1
Z   Z  
2 2πnt 2πnt sin(2πna)
an = x(t) cos dt = cos dt = ,
T −T /2 T T −aT 2aT T aT πn
2 T /2 2 aT 1
Z   Z  
2πnt 2πnt
bn = x(t) sin dt = sin dt = 0.
T −T /2 T T −aT 2aT T