Fourteen Points: Poland
Fourteen Points: Poland
The United States entered World War I on the side of the Allies on April 6, 1917. However, the
U.S. entered the war reluctantly. Unlike many European nations, the U.S. wasn't fighting over
territory or in revenge for past wars. Wilson wanted the end of the war to bring out lasting peace
for the world. He gathered together a number of advisors and had them put together a plan for
peace. This plan became the Fourteen Points.
The main purpose of the Fourteen Points was to outline a strategy for ending the war. He set out
specific goals that he wanted to achieve through the war. If the United States was going to fight
in Europe and soldiers were going to lose their lives, he wanted to establish exactly what they
were fighting for. Through this speech and the Fourteen Points, Wilson became the only leader
of the countries fighting in the war to publicly outline his war goals.
1. No more secret agreements between countries. Diplomacy shall be open to the world.
2. International seas shall be free to navigate during peace and war.
3. There shall be free trade between the countries who accept the peace.
4. There shall be a worldwide reduction in weapons and armies by all countries.
5. Colonial claims over land and regions will be fair.
6. Russia will be allowed to determine its own form of government. All German troops will
leave Russian soil.
7. German troops will evacuate Belgium and Belgium will be an independent country.
8. France will regain all territory including the disputed land of Alsace-Lorraine.
9. The borders of Italy will be established such that all Italians will be within the country of
Italy.
10. Austria-Hungary will be allowed to continue to be an independent country.
11. The Central Powers will evacuate Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania leaving them as
independent countries.
12. The Turkish people of the Ottoman Empire will have their own country. Other
nationalities under the Ottoman rule will also have security.
13. Poland shall be an independent country.
14. A League of Nations will be formed that protects the independence of all countries no
matter how big or small.
The leaders of the other Allied Nations, including David Lloyd George of Britain and Georges
Clemenceau of France, thought that Wilson was being too idealistic. They were skeptical as to
whether these points could be accomplished in the real world. Clemenceau of France, in
particular, did not agree with Wilson's plan for "peace without blame" for Germany. He fought
for, and got, harsh reparation penalties against Germany.
The promise of the Fourteen Points helped to bring the Germans to peace talks at the end of the
war. However, the actual results of the Treaty of Versailles were much harsher against Germany
than the Fourteen Points. The treaty included a "Guilt Clause" blaming Germany for the war as
well as a huge reparation sum that Germany owed the Allies. These differences were insisted
upon by the French because their economy was largely destroyed by the Germans during the
war.
President Wilson's advisors for the plan were called the "Inquiry." They included around
150 academics and were led by diplomat Edward House.
President Wilson was given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919 for his efforts in establishing
peace in Europe and around the world.
In Wilson's speech, he said of Germany that "We do not wish to injure her or to block in
any way her legitimate influence or power."
In the speech, Wilson referred to World War I as the "final war for human liberty."
Asia minor
Asia Minor is usually synonymous with Asian Turkey, which is made up of almost the entire country.
The southeastern and eastern border of Asia Minor is the current border of Turkey with neighboring
Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Syria. About 95% of Turkey's land is in Asia Minor.
Julius Caesar: Cunning and Generous. Immense intelligence and energy were not the only qualities that
made Caesar a formidable leader. He was also exceptionally driven, power-hungry, and cunning. Caesar
came from a noble but poor family.
Labing-apat na puntos
Nangunguna sa Wilson's Speech
Ang Estados Unidos ay pumasok sa World War I sa panig ng mga Allies noong Abril 6, 1917.
Gayunpaman, ang US ay pumasok sa digmaan nang atubili. Hindi tulad ng maraming mga bansang
European, ang U.S. ay hindi nakikipaglaban sa teritoryo o sa paghihiganti sa mga nakaraang
digmaan. Nais ni Wilson na wakasan ang digmaan upang magdala ng namamalaging kapayapaan
para sa mundo. Nagtipon siya ng maraming tagapayo at pinagsama sila ng isang plano para sa
kapayapaan. Ang planong ito ay naging labing-apat na puntos.
Layunin ng labing-apat na puntos
Ang pangunahing layunin ng Labing-apat na Mga Punto ay upang balangkasin ang isang estratehiya
para tapusin ang digmaan. Nagtakda siya ng mga tiyak na layunin na gusto niyang makamit sa
pamamagitan ng digmaan. Kung ang Estados Unidos ay makikipaglaban sa Europa at mawawalan
ng buhay ang mga sundalo, gusto niyang itatag ang eksaktong kanilang labanan. Sa pamamagitan
ng pagsasalita na ito at ang labing-apat na Mga Puntos, Wilson ay naging ang tanging pinuno ng
mga bansa na labanan sa digmaan sa publiko outline ang kanyang mga layunin ng digmaan.
Buod ng Fourteen Points
1. Wala nang mga lihim na kasunduan sa pagitan ng mga bansa. Ang diplomasya ay bukas sa
mundo.
2. Ang mga internasyonal na dagat ay dapat malayang mag-navigate sa panahon ng kapayapaan at
digmaan.
3. Magkakaroon ng libreng kalakalan sa pagitan ng mga bansang tumatanggap ng kapayapaan.
4. Magkakaroon ng pagbawas sa buong mundo sa mga sandata at hukbo ng lahat ng mga bansa.
10. Ang Austria-Hungary ay papayagan na magpatuloy upang maging isang malayang bansa.
11. Ang mga Central Powers ay maglilikas sa Serbia, Montenegro, at Romania na iniiwan ang mga
ito bilang mga independiyenteng bansa.
12. Ang mga Turkish tao ng Ottoman Empire ay magkakaroon ng kanilang sariling bansa. Ang iba
pang mga nasyonalidad sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng Ottoman ay magkakaroon din ng seguridad.
13. Ang Poland ay magiging isang malayang bansa.
14. Ang isang Liga ng mga Bansa ay bubuo na pinoprotektahan ang kalayaan ng lahat ng mga
bansa gaano man malaki o maliit.
Ano ang iniisip ng ibang mga pinuno?
Ang mga lider ng iba pang mga Allied Nations, kabilang si David Lloyd George ng Britanya at si
Georges Clemenceau ng Pransiya, ay nag-isip na si Wilson ay masyadong idealista. Nag-
aalinlangan sila kung ang mga puntong ito ay maaaring maganap sa tunay na mundo. Ang
Clemenceau ng Pransiya, sa partikular, ay hindi sumasang-ayon sa plano ni Wilson para sa
"kapayapaan na walang pagsisisi" sa Alemanya. Nakipaglaban siya para sa, at nakuha, ang
masasamang kaparusahan para sa reparasyon laban sa Alemanya.
Influence and Results
Asia minor
Ang Asia Minor ay karaniwang magkasingkahulugan sa Asian
Turkey, na binubuo ng halos buong bansa. Ang timog-silangan at
silangang hangganan ng Asia Minor ay ang kasalukuyang
hangganan ng Turkey na may kalapit na Armenia, Iran, Iraq,
Georgia, Azerbaijan, at Syria. Mga 95% ng lupain ng Turkey ay
nasa Asia Minor