Detailed Lesson Plan in Grade-10 Science

Time Frame: 60 minutes

Competency Code: S10LT-IIIe-38

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able:
1. To identify correctly the different types of mutations and their possible results;
and
2. States the importance of having knowledge of molecular genetics in our lives.

II. Subject Matter:

A. Topic: Mutation: Changes in the Genetic Code
B. Strategies: Comprehension and Conceptual Understanding
C. Materials: PowerPoint presentation, laptop and projector.
D. References: Grade 10 – Science Learner’s Material pages 281-290, Grade 10 –
Science Teacher’s guide pages 210 – 212.
E. Values: Enhance communication skills of the students, class participation
and cooperation
III. Procedure
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
A. Daily Routine
a. Prayer
Before we start our lesson, let us
pray first. Student will lead the prayer…
b. Greetings
Good morning class! Good morning Ma’am!
How are you today? We’re fine Ma’am!
It’s nice to hear that.
c. Classroom Management
Before you take your seat, please Students will pick up the litters around them
pick up the litters around you and arrange their seats properly.
and arrange your seats properly.
d. Checking of Attendance
Make sure that you are sitting on
your assigned chair or else you
will be marked absent.
Great! Let’s have a “nice clap” for
having the perfect attendance. 1,2,3.. 1,2,3… NICE!
e. Checking of Assignments
Please pass the assignments that
I gave you last meeting. Students pass their assignments

B. Review/Recall
What was our topic last meeting? Ma’am, our topic was about the central
dogma.
That’s right!
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
What are the two processes in the
central dogma? Ma’am, the two processes of the central
dogma are the transcription and translation.

Very good! Ma’am, transcription is the process of copying

So, what is Transcription? DNA sequence into RNA

That’s correct! Ma’am, translation is the process of converting

What about Translation? information in mRNA into a sequence of amino
acids in a protein

Excellent! Good job class!

C. Motivation
I will flash some pictures on the screen
and let see if you can name them.

Are you ready? Yes, Ma’am!

Okay, good!

Cyclopes!

Hulk!

Spiderman!

Very nice! You recognize them all!

What are they? Ma’am they are all superheroes!

That’s correct!
I know most of you have already
watched X-Men series right? Yes Ma’am
Answers may vary…
What is the term used in the movie
being referred to an individual with
special skills or power? Ma’am, they are called Mutant.

Okay, That’s right!

Mutant is defined as a result or showing
the effect of mutation.
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
D. Presentation of the Lesson
Our topic for today is about Mutation.

Before we start our discussion, we are

going to have an activity first.

Are you ready for the activity? Yes, Ma’am!

1. Activity
Activity Title: Picture Analysis
Materials:
 Set of pictures
 Adhesive tape
 Manila paper
 Marker
Procedure:
1. The class will be divided into four (4)
groups.
2. The facilitator will give each group a
set of pictures and manila paper.
3. The students will identify which
pictures represent the different
types of mutation: Translocation,
Deletion, and Inversion
4. After identifying the pictures, the
students will write their observation
about each pictures.
5. They will be given only 3 minutes to
do the task, after that they will post
it on the board.
6. One representative will justify their
answer on the class.

Okay, start!

Rubrics are provided for the consistency in

evaluating student’s work.
Students may have varied answers.
Time is up class!
Please present your output to the Translocation Deletion Inversion
class.
Let’s start!
group 1…
group 2…
group 3…
Broke a part Broke a part Broke a part,
group 4…
and attached reversed and
it to another reinserted
chromosome. it into the
chromosome
Great job class! Let’s have a “nice
clap” for a job well done!
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
2. Analysis
Based on our activity and presentation,
what concept did you get? Ma’am, we have learned that changes can
happen to a chromosome. It can be broke
apart, reversed and reinserted to the
chromosomes.
Very nice!

What do you call these changes? Ma’am, these changes is called mutation.

That is correct!
Mutation is a natural process that
changes the DNA structure of an
organism, resulting to new
characteristics.

What do you think are the factors can

cause mutation? Ma’am, chemicals.

Very good! What else? Ma’am, temperature.

That’s right! Any other answer? Ma’am, infection.

Very nice! All of your answers are

correct!

Causes of mutation are classified into

two types, spontaneous and induced
mutation

Spontaneous mutation is when

something went wrong in the process of
replicating or forming the gametes.

Environmental factors like radiation,

chemicals, high temperature, and
microbial infections are all induced
mutation. These factors are called
mutagens.

What are two types of Mutation? Ma’am, the two types of mutation are Gene
mutation and Chromosomal mutation.

Very good! What is Gene mutation? Ma’am, in gene mutation, only a single gene is
affected which happen during the replication
of DNA.
That’s correct! How about chromosomal
mutation? Ma’am, chromosomal mutation is when the
number or structure of chromosome change.

That’s right!
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
During our activity, you worked on the
different types of mutation. These types
of mutation belongs to chromosomal
mutation.

What are the three types of

chromosomal mutation? Ma’am, the three types of chromosomal
mutation are translocation, deletion and
inversion.
Very good!
When do translocation occur?

Ma’am, translocation occurs when a piece of

chromosome breaks off and attaches to
another chromosome.

That’s right!
How about deletion?

Ma’am, deletion refers to the loss of segment

of DNA or chromosome.

That’s correct!
Lastly, how about the inversion?
Ma’am, inversion involves the breakage of a
chromosome in two places in which the
resulting piece of DNA is reversed and
reinserted into the chromosome.

Excellent!

Changes that affect the structure of

chromosomes can cause problems with
growth, development, and function of
the body’s systems. These changes can
affect many genes along the
chromosome and disrupt the proteins
that may result to disorders.

Translocation
Alagille syndrome is an example of
disorder caused by translocation.
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Deletion
Cri du chat is caused by the deletion of
part of the short arm of chromosome.

Inversion
Club foot is a disorder caused by
inversion of chromosome.

Any question so far? None, Ma’am!

3. Abstraction
Now, let’s summarize the concepts that
you’ve learned.
What is mutation? Ma’am, mutation is a natural process that
changes the DNA structure of an organism,
resulting to new characteristics.
That’s correct!
What can be the cause of mutation? Ma’am, causes of mutation can be
spontaneous and it can be also caused of
mutagens.
That’s right!
What is the difference between gene
mutation and chromosomal mutation? Ma’am, gene mutation is where only a single
gene is affected which happen during the
replication of DNA while chromosomal
mutation is when the number or structure of
Very good! chromosome change.
What are the different types of
chromosomal mutation that we
discussed? Ma’am, the different types of chromosomal
mutation are translocation, deletion, and
inversion.
Very nice!
What are some possible effects of these
chromosomal mutations? Ma’am, the possible effects of chromosomal
mutations are medical problems, problems on
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
growth and development, genetic disorders,
and even death.
Excellent!
It seems that you learned a lot from our
topic. Very good!
4. Application
Now, since you already know the
concept of mutation, let us apply what
you have learned.

Examine the given sets of mutation.

Translocation

Deletion

Inversion

Let us fill up the table by answering the each

questions. Translocation Deletion Inversion
Translocation Deletion Inversion How many
How many chromosome/s
2 1 1
chromosome/s is/are
is/are involved?
involved? What is/are the Part of the
What is/are the change/s chromoso
change/s happens from me broke
Part of the
happens from the original Part of and
chromosome
the original chromosome the reversed
are broke and
chromosome chromos and
attached it to
Which ome are attached
another
condition/s do omitted it again to
chromosome
you think the same
result/s chromoso
change/s of me
chromosome Which
material? condition/s do
Indicate using you think
the words loss, result/s
No
gain, change/s of No
loss or
either loss or chromosome loss or gain of
Loss of gain of
gain of material? genetic material
genetic genetic
genetic material. Indicate using during the
Material material
the words loss, exchange
during the
gain, process
process
either loss or
gain of
genetic
material.

Great job! Let’s have a nice clap for that! 1,2,3.. 1,2,3… NICE!
 Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
Okay class, let me ask you, does knowledge
of molecular genetics may affect your lives?
How? Yes, Ma’am. It may affect our beliefs about
the causes of disorders in physical attributes
human body. Before, we believe in myth that
some disorders see are influenced by food
being craved during pregnancy. However,
Genetics tell us, physical attributes are
inherited from our parents’ and grand
parents’ set of genes and not from food
craving.
Very nice thoughts!
That’s is why study of genetics is very
important for us to understand changes
and differences in physical attributes of
every individual.

Any question class? None, Ma’am.

Okay, are you ready for a quiz? Yes, Ma’am.

IV. Evaluation

A. Matching Type
Direction: Match the items in column A
with the items in column B. Answer key:
A B
d 1. Mutation
1. Mutation a. Club foot
2. Mutagens b. Alagille
e 2. Mutagens
3. Translocation syndrome f 3. Translocation
4. Deletion c. Down syndrome b 4. Deletion
5. Inversion d. any alteration in a 5. Inversion
the DNA
e. environmental
factors
f. Cri du chat

B. Essay
Does knowledge of molecular genetics Answers may vary…
may affect your lives? How?

V. Assignment:
1. Research further on the other types of chromosomal mutations and give an
example of each.
2. Read in advance about “Genetic Engineering”.
Reference: Internet, Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material pp. 290-294.

Prepared by:

JOANNE G. GODEZANO
Applicant
 A Detailed Lesson Plan in
Grade – 10 Science

“Heredity: Inheritance and Variation”

Changes in the Genetic code

JAQUELYN G. MONTALES, MA.Ed.

Principal, Junior High School Department
Samar College Inc.

JOANNE G. GODEZANO
Teacher Applicant