EDUCATIONAL

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE
ANCIENT CIVILIZATION
Presented by: HILARIO R. ALLORDE I, PhD
 JEWISH- RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
• Synagogues
• Bible
• Rabbis
 CHINESE- CAREER ORIENTED
EDUCATION
• Anacletes of Confucius
• Civil Service Examination (Han Dynasty 206 BC)
1. Flowering Talent- whole day exam
2. Promoted Man- 3 days exam
3. Entered Scholar/fit for office- 13 days exam, passers became ministers
of the emperor

Every examination that an individual passed had a corresponding decoration

in his dress, in his household and certain privileges.
 EGYPTIAN- PRACTICAL AND
EMPIRICAL EDUCATION
• Hieroglyphics- ancient picture-writing system
• Papyrus- ancient paper
• Mathematics- the value of pi= 3.16
• Engineering/architecture- pyramids, dams, dike,palaces
• Geometry- land surveying and measurements
• Astronomy- positions of stars or other heavenly bodies to determine tides,
seasons, floods, calendars composed of 24 hour a day, 7 days a week,
month of 30 days with 365 days
• Medicine- explored human anatomy
 GREEKS- LIBERAL AND
DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION
• Olympic games
• Mythodolgy
• Democracy
• Philosophy
• Sparta- authoritarian government; military city-state; communal life; military
academy
• Athens- liberal education; freedom of thought, expression and religion;
education was a family responsibility;every male child is given a
paedagogus or a tutor who will train him to be a good and responsible
citizen
 GREEKS- LIBERAL AND
DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION
• Ancient Athenian Schools:
1. Palestra- gymnastic school
2. Music school- kitharist( Music Teacher)
3. Grammar school- grammatist( teacher of letters)
 GREEKS- LIBERAL AND
DEMOCRATIC EDUCATION
• The Sophists were the wandering scholars, who went to Athens, taught
Athenian boys but collected fees from them
• Protagoras was the most famous sophists who said that man is the measure
of all things.
• The Greek Thinkers flourished in order to counteract the influences of the
Sophists who were not Athenians. Among them were:
Socrates( 469-399 BC)
Plato( 427-347 BC)
Aristotle( 384-322 BC)
 SOCRATES
• He advanced the idea of Gnothi Seauton or know
thyself;
• He believed that knowledge is virtue and all virtuous
actions based on knowledge;
• He introduced the Socratic dialectic method of
teaching which is composed of (a) ironic
(destructive) element and (b) maieutic( constructive)
elements
 PLATO

• He proposed that the society should be divided into classes of

people based and on their talents and intelligence:
a. Philosophical class- guardians or rulers of the society
b. Warrior Class- protectors of the society
c. Artisan/ Industrial Class- workers of the society
• He believed that education should be determined by the
social class where the person belongs
• He established the school called Academy
 ARISTOTLE
• He was the paedagogus of Alexander the Great
• He established a school called Lyceum
• He believed that virtue is brought by doing not by
knowing
• He advanced the idea that man is a social animal
and must use his reason to attain his ultimate end
which is the summum bonum or highest/supreme
Good
• He postulated that man is composed of 2 distinct but
united entities: the body and soul
 GREEK UNIVERSITIES
• University of Athens- world’s first comprehensive University
• University of Alexandria- founded by Alexander the Great in Egypt.
It had the most advanced library facilities. The Septuagint which
is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible was translated by 70
scholars in this university

It had excellent products like:

1. Euclid- in the field of Geometry
2. Archimedes- The field of Physics
3. Erathosthenes- in the field of Geography and
Astronomy
 ROMANS- PRAGMATIC AND
PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION
• The Latin language
• The laws of the Twelve tables
• The roman senate
• The roman schools: elementary, secondary, Higher Education
 ROMANS- PRAGMATIC AND
PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION
• Imperial Contributions:
1. Vespasian- founded the Roman University and Library
2. Trajan- gave scholarships to poor but deserving students
3. Hadrian- gave pensions for retired teachers and gave more attention to Law and
Medicine than to Philosophy
4. Antoninus Pius- exempted all Roman Teachers from taxation and military service
5. Constantine- continued all the previleges mentioned above and legalized
Christianity
6. Julian- required that all teachers be licensed and given qualifying exams
7. Gratians- subsidized all Roman Schools, created a salary scale for teachers
8. Theodosius- he nationalized all schools and considered the establishment of
private schools a grave crime punishable by law
 EDUCATIONAL INFLUENCES OF
JESUS CHRIST
• Parable- a short story, a weighty similitude used to convey instruction to
ignorant, prejudiced and inattentive hearers;
• Conversational Method- an intimate face to face, direct, natural, personal
and informal method. It is a sort of question and answer meth od
• Proverbial or Gnomic Method- Jesus, in His Teachings frequently used
gnomes or proverbs, some were quoted from the Old testament and others
were His own
 EARLY CHRISTIAN EDUCATION
• Cathecumenal- school for new converts
• Cathetical- school for leadership training
• Cathedral/Episcopalian- school for the clergy
 DIFFERENT MEDIEVAL MOVEMENTS
IN EDUCATION
• Monasticism- education was a religious discipline. Education was strict, rigid and punishment was
severe.
• Scholasticism- education was an intellectual discipline.
• Saint Thomas Aquinas was one of the foremost proponents of scholastic movement. He wrote
Summa Theologiae which became the basis of the majority of the doctrines of the catholic church.
• The medieval university started as “universitas magistorum et scholarium”or corporation of teachers
and students chartered by the pope or kings. The first organized university was the University of
Bologna chartered by Emperor Frederick I in 1158. Composition of a university:
Studium generale ( sudent body)
Nation( group of students who had same place of origin)
Councilors( leaders of a nation)
Facultas- teachers of the same subject
Dean- head of the Facultas
Rector- head of the medieval University
 THE DIFFERENT MEDIEVAL
MOVEMENTS IN EDUCATION
• Chilvalry- education as a social discipline. Under this system, a boy of noble
birth has to pass through the following stages before he is fully accepted as
a member of his social class:
a. Page- an attendant to the noble court at the age of 7 years
b. Squire- an attendant to a knight at the age of 14 years
c. Knight- a full-fledge warrior who has vowed to:
1. protect the women and the poor
• 2. defend the church and state
3. attack the wicked
4. shed blood for the sake of his country
 ISLAMIC INFLUENCES ON
EDUCATION
• Established the most complete curricula from elementary to university
• Hindu-Arabic Numerals
• Advanced learning in Pharmacy, surgery and medicine
• Taught geography using globes.
• Invented the pendulum clock, discovered nitric and sulfuric acid
• Used compass and gunpowder
• Cultivated rice, silkworm, sugar and cotton
• Determined the height of the atmosphere, weight of the air and specific
gravity of the bodies
 THE LEGAL BASIS OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
1.1987 constitution. Article XIV sections 1-5.
2. Batas Pambansa BLG. 232, The Education Act of 1982. An act providing for
the establishment and maintenance of an integrated system of education.
3. Act No. 74 of 1901. Establishment of Department of Public Instruction
headed by a general superintendent; creation of school divisions and districts;
English as medium of Instruction, optional religious education, Establishment of
TUP, a school of agriculture in Negros and a Normal School in Manila*

* Philippine Normal School renamed Phil Normal College( RA 416); Philippine

Normal University( RA 7168) and RA 9647 designated PNU as National Center
for Teacher Education.
 THE LEGAL BASES OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
• Act No. 2706. The Private School law
• Commonwealth Act No. 1( Amended by RA 9163) National Defense Act
• PD 1706 National Service Law
• EO No. 27 seeks to include courses or subjects in human rights
• EO No. 189. It placed all public secondary school teachers under the
administrative control of DECS.
• RA 1079. It provided that CSE shall be permanent and shall have no time limit
• RA 1425. Inclusion in the curricula the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal.
• RA 4670. The magna carta for Public School teachers.