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Retrofit Design of Masonry Building (Manual Method: Inplane Analysis: Flexural)

The document summarizes a training for engineers on seismic retrofit design of masonry buildings using manual in-plane flexural analysis. The objectives are to teach participants how to perform in-plane flexural analysis of masonry walls and design retrofits such as splints and bandages. The training covers topics such as calculating stresses from vertical loads, overturning moments, and bending and combining these stresses to determine required reinforcement. It provides an example of analyzing a wall and designing vertical reinforcement bars for one pier.

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Bikki Cyama
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66 views23 pages

Retrofit Design of Masonry Building (Manual Method: Inplane Analysis: Flexural)

The document summarizes a training for engineers on seismic retrofit design of masonry buildings using manual in-plane flexural analysis. The objectives are to teach participants how to perform in-plane flexural analysis of masonry walls and design retrofits such as splints and bandages. The training covers topics such as calculating stresses from vertical loads, overturning moments, and bending and combining these stresses to determine required reinforcement. It provides an example of analyzing a wall and designing vertical reinforcement bars for one pier.

Uploaded by

Bikki Cyama
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineers Training on

Seismic Retrofit design of Masonry Building


13-17 August 2018, Lalitpur, Nepal

RETROFIT DESIGN OF MASONRY


BUILDING (MANUAL METHOD: INPLANE
ANALYSIS: FLEXURAL)

Organized By:
National Society For Earthquake
Technology- Nepal (NSET)

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Objectives

Upon Completion of this session, the participants will


be able to:
 Perform In plane flexural analysis of masonry
wall
 Retrofit Design of the various components such
as splint and bandage

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Combined Axial
and Bending
The stress analysis is done by assuming that the section is
homogenous but the tension is taken by reinforcing steel.

The combined stress is calculated as follows:


f m f v f e f b
Where,
fm = resultant fe = increase in axial stress
combined stress due to overturning moment

fv = stress due to fb = stress due to moment in


vertical load pier/wall
3

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Vertical Stress

• Stress due to vertical load is calculated as follows:


P
fv
A
where fv = stress due to vertical load
P = Vertical load due to dead and live
load
A = Cross section of wall

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Increase in axial Stress
due to overturning
• Increase in axial stress due to overturning
moment is calculated as follows:

M  yi
fe
 I NA
where yi = distance of centre line of pier i
from neutral axis
M = Overturning moment
INA = Moment of inertia of whole wall
section
5

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Bending Stress
• Shear force Vi resisted by each pier will cause
additional end moments Mi and is calculated as
follows:
V i hi
Mi 
2
• Bending stress in each pier is then calculated
as follows:
M i yi
fb
I
where I = Moment of Inertia of the pier
6
yi = Centre line of the pier i
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Design for Tensile
stress
The total net tension force is calculated as
follows:

fc

 
T  1  f t t a
2
7

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Design for Tensile stress

Where ,
ft= tensile stress in the wall
fc= Compressive stress in the wall
t= wall thickness
a= length of tension zone
b= length of compression zone

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Piers 1,2 and 3

f m f v f e f b
fv = -0.145 Mpa
M  yi
Overturning Stress, fe
9  I NA
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Overturning Moment

208.23 kN

163.31 kN

At the critical plane (sill level of ground storey),


Overturning M0 = 208.23*(6-0.85)+163.31*(3-0.85)
= 1423.5 KNm

10

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Calculation of Moment
of Inertia I of Piers

Centroid calculation:
As the walls in grid1 is placed symmetrical ,
Considering A as a reference, centroid of three piers is
considered at a mid length,
X = 15.45/2 =7.725m
Moment of Inertia I (about centroid) of the wall in plan:
Ic = I1 +A1x12+ I2 + I3 +A3x32
= (0.35*3.053)/12+ 0.35*3.05*(7.725-1.525)2 +(0.35 *
5.753)/12 +(0.35* 3.053)/12 + 0.35*3.05*(7.725-1.525)2
= 89.27 m4
11

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Increase in Axial Stress
due to Overturning
Overturning stress fe = (M0/I )y
Wall 1
Point yi Mo Ic fe
A 7.73 1423.50 89.27 0.123
B 4.68 1423.50 89.27 0.075
C 2.88 1423.50 89.27 0.046
D -2.88 1423.50 89.27 -0.046
E -4.68 1423.50 89.27 -0.075
F -7.73 1423.50 89.27 -0.123
12

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Overturning Stresses, MPa

13

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Bending Stress, fb

Moment due to direct shear force: M = V h/2


Where h = Effective height of pier = 1.5m

Pier 1, M = 93.07*1.5/2 = 69.8 kNm


Pier 2, M = 185.4*1.5/2 = 139.05 kNm
Pier 3, M = 93.07*1.5/2 = 69.8 kNm
14

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Moments in piers

Shear force and Moment in piers:

15

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Bending Stress fb

Wall 1
wall Length, Z, fb= M/Z,
Pier V,kN h,m M,kNm
th.,m m m3 Mpa

1 93.07 1.50 69.80 0.35 3.05 0.54 0.129

2 185.40 1.50 139.05 0.35 5.75 1.93 0.072

3 93.07 1.50 69.80 0.35 3.05 0.54 0.129

16

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Combined Stress: Wall 1

Load Combination: Dead + Live + Earthquake


f m  f v f e fb
Axial
Bending Overturning Net
Point Stress
Stress (fb) Stress (fe) Stress (fm)
(fv)
A 0.129 -0.145 0.123 0.107
B -0.129 -0.145 0.075 -0.199
C 0.072 -0.145 0.046 -0.027
D -0.072 -0.145 -0.046 -0.263
E 0.129 -0.145 -0.075 -0.091
F17 -0.129 -0.145 -0.123 -0.397
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Combined Stress: Wall 1

Load Combination: 0.7 Dead + Earthquake


f m f v f e f b
Axial Bending Overturning Net
Stress, fv Stress, fb Stress, fe Stress,
Point (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa) fm (Mpa)
A -0.086 0.129 0.123 0.165
B -0.086 -0.129 0.075 -0.140
C -0.086 0.072 0.046 0.032
D -0.086 -0.072 -0.046 -0.204
E -0.086 0.129 -0.075 -0.032
F 18 -0.086 -0.129 -0.123 -0.338
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Design of Vertical Reinforcement for
Pier 1

0.165 MPa
0.140 MPa

x/0.165 = (3050-x)/0.14 or, x = 1649 mm


 Compressive strength of wall= 0.801 Mpa > 0.14
Mpa
 Hence Safe in compression
19

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Design of Vertical
Bar in Pier 1
Design for Tension:
• Total Tensile Force = ½*0.165*1649*350 = 47615 N

• Steel Required = 47615/(415*0.56*1.25) = 164 mm2

• For splint along the edge of opening. Provide 2- 8 mm


diameter bar on each side of the wall. (Ast provided = 201
mm2 > 164 mm2

20

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Detailing for Vertical bar

Ver. Bars:
3-8Φ +2-4.75 Φ

21

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Review of Objectives

Upon Completion of this session, the participants will


be able to:
 Perform in plane flexural analysis of masonry wall
 Retrofit Design of the various components such
as splint and bandage

22

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Thank You !!!

Earthquake Safe Communities in Nepal 23

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