Safety is the state of being "safe" (from French sauf), the

condition of being protected from harm or other non-desirable

outcomes. Safety can also refer to the control of recognized
hazards in order to achieve an acceptable level of risk.

Meanings

"After Whiskey Driving Risky." Safety roadsign in Ladakh,

India
There are two slightly different meanings of safety. For
example, home safety may indicate a building's ability to protect
against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion,
etc.), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as
appliances, stairs, etc.) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for
its inhabitants.
Discussions of safety often include mention of related terms.
Security is such a term. With time the definitions between these
two have often become interchanged, equated, and frequently
appear juxtaposed in the same sentence. Readers unfortunately
are left to conclude whether they comprise a redundancy. This
confuses the uniqueness that should be reserved for each by
itself. When seen as unique, as we intend here, each term will
assume its rightful place in influencing and being influenced by
the other.
Safety is the condition of a “steady state” of an organization or
place doing what it is supposed to do. “What it is supposed to
do” is defined in terms of public codes and standards,
associated architectural and engineering designs, corporate
vision and mission statements, and operational plans and
personnel policies. For any organization, place, or function,
large or small, safety is a normative concept. It complies with
situation-specific definitions of what is expected and
acceptable.[1]
Using this definition, protection from a home’s external threats
and protection from its internal structural and equipment failures
(see Meanings, above) are not two types of safety but rather two
aspects of a home’s steady state.
In the world of everyday affairs, not all goes as planned. Some
entity’s steady state is challenged. This is where security
science, which is of more recent date, enters. Drawing from the
definition of safety, then:
Security is the process or means, physical or human, of
delaying, preventing, and otherwise protecting against external
or internal, defects, dangers, loss, criminals, and other
individuals or actions that threaten, hinder or destroy an
organization’s “steady state,” and deprive it of its intended
purpose for being.
Using this generic definition of safety it is possible to specify
the elements of a security program.[1]
General Safety Rules
The following are a list of general safety rules to follow while working on the
jobsite. Although this is not a list on all requirements, following these rules may prevent
you or a coworker from becoming involved in an incident.

1. Be sure you know how to perform the job and perform it safely.
2. Be sure you know its hazards and how to protect yourself. If you aren’t sure or
have questions, ask your supervisor!
3. Report all near misses, incidents, injuries and illnesses immediately.
4. Wear the required personal protective equipment necessary for the job. Safety
glasses are required as minimum eye protection on all jobsites.
5. Always work clear of suspended loads.
6. Never conduct work, unless trained.
7. Do not become complacent! Always keep your mind and eyes on the task at hand.
8. Always know the emergency action plan for your jobsite. Know what the warning
tones are and where to go.
9. Obey all warning signs and barricades.
10. Inspect all equipment, scaffolds, ladders, lifts, etc. before using. If found to be
defective remove from service.
11. Report any unsafe tools, equipment or hazardous conditions to your supervisor.
12. See that good housekeeping is maintained in your work area.
13. Exercise proper lifting techniques.
14. Operate vehicles in a safe manner and obey site driving rules.
15. Do not perform work under unsafe conditions. Any employee has the right to stop
work if they feel it is unsafe.
16. Horseplay of any kind will not be permitted.
17. Only authorized personnel shall repair company furnished tools or equipment.
18. Firearms on the job are prohibited.
19. Always keep a positive attitude. This will make the day go better and make you a
safer worker.
20. Do not use ladders as scaffolds and never climb so high that it is impossible to
hold the top step for support.
21. Never use a step ladder as a straight ladder.
22. Don’t put yourself and your supervisor on the spot by not observing safety rules
and regulations!
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRES:
1. Fires are classified according to the type of fuel that is burning.
2. If you use the wrong type of fire extinguisher on the wrong class of fire, you might make
matters worse.
3. It is very important to understand the four different fire (fuel) classification

Class A:

 Wood
 paper, cloth
 trash
 plastics—solids that are not metals

Class B:

 Flammable liquids—gasoline
 Oil
 Grease
 Aceton Includes flammable gases.

Class C:

 Electrical—energized electrical equipment (as long as it’s “plugged in” or supply ON)

Class D:

 Metals—potassium
 Sodium
 Aluminum
 Magnesium
 Requires Metal-X, foam, and other special extinguishing agents

Types Of Fire Extinguishers:

Different types of fire extinguishers are designed to fight different classes of fire

The are three most common types of fire extinguishers are:

 Water (APW)
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2
 Dry Chemical (ABC, BC, DC)

Steps to Use a DCP Type Fire Extinguisher:

There are four important steps you must know to correctly use a fire extinguisher.The PASS
method can help you to easily remember those steps.
Types of fire extinguisher – a detailed guide

Water Extinguishers
Overview:
Water extinguishers are the most common fire extinguisher type for class A fire risk. Most
premises will require either water or foam extinguishers.
Label Colour:
– Bright Red
Use for:
– Organic materials such as:
o Paper and cardboard
o Fabrics and textiles
o Wood and coal
Do not use for:
– Fires involving electrical equipment
– Kitchen fires
– Flammable gas and liquids
How water extinguishers work:
The water has a cooling effect on the fuel, causing it to burn much more slowly until the flames
are eventually extinguished.
Types of premises/business who may need water extinguishers:
– Buildings constructed of wood or other organic materials
– Premises where there are organic materials to be found such as:
o Offices
o Schools
o Hospitals
o Residential properties
o Warehouses
In fact most buildings need either water or foam extinguishers.

Where to locate water extinguishers:

– By the exits on a floor where a Class A fire risk has been identified
Water spray extinguishers – what’s the difference?:
Water spray extinguishers are equipped with a spray nozzle, rather than a jet nozzle, meaning a
greater surface area can be covered more quickly and the fire put out more rapidly.
Water mist extinguishers – what’s the difference?:
Water mist extinguishers have a different type of nozzle again which releases microscopic water
particles. These particles ‘suffocate’ the fire and also create a wall of mist between the fire and
the person using the extinguisher, reducing the feeling of heat.
Contact us to buy water fire extinguishers

Foam Extinguishers

Overview:
Foam extinguishers are most common type of fire extinguisher for Class B fires, but also work
on Class A fires as they are water-based.
Label Colour:
– Cream
Use for:
– Organic materials such as:
o Paper and cardboard
o Fabrics and textiles
o Wood and coal
Plus:
– Flammable liquids, like paint and petrol
Do not use for:
– Kitchen fires
– Fires involving electrical equipment
– Flammable metals
How foam extinguishers work:
As with water extinguishers, foam extinguishers have a cooling effect on the fuel. On burning
liquids, the foaming agent creates a barrier between the flame and the fuel, extinguishing the fire.
Types of premises/business who may need Foam extinguishers:
– Buildings constructed of wood or other organic materials
– Premises where there are organic materials to be found such as:
o Offices
o Schools
o Hospitals
o Residential properties
o Warehouses
– Buildings where flammable liquids are stored
In fact most buildings need either water or foam extinguishers

Where to locate foam extinguishers:

– By the exits on a floor where a Class A or Class B fire risk has been identified
Contact us to buy foam fire extinguishers

Dry Powder Extinguishers

Overview:
Standard dry powder extinguishers are also called ‘ABC’ extinguishers because they tackle class
A, B and C fires, however they are not recommended for use in enclosed spaces. This is because
the powder can be easily inhaled, and also the residue is very difficult to clean up after. ABC
powder extinguishers can also be used on some electrical fires. Specialist dry powder
extinguishers are used for flammable metals.
Label Colour:
– Blue
Use for:
– Organic materials such as:
o Paper and cardboard
o Fabrics and textiles
o Wood and coal
Plus:
– Flammable liquids, like paint and petrol
Plus:
– Flammable gases, like liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and acetylene
Plus:
– Fires involving electrical equipment up to 1000v
Specialist dry powder extinguishers are only used on flammable metals, such as titanium and
magnesium.
Do not use for:
– Fires involving cooking oil
– Fires involving electrical equipment over 1000v
– or in enclosed spaces, such as offices or residential properties
How dry powder extinguishers work:
Dry powder extinguishers smother fires by forming a barrier between the fuel and the source of
oxygen.
Types of premises/business who may need Dry Powder extinguishers:
– Businesses using flammable gases for chemical processes
– Premises where welding and flame cutting takes place
– Garage forecourts
– Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) dispensing plants
– Premises with large, commercial boiler rooms
Where to locate Dry Powder extinguishers:
– Place dry powder extinguishers near to the source of the fire risk.
Specialist Dry Powder extinguishers – what’s the difference?:
Specialist dry powder extinguishers work in the same way as standard dry powder extinguishers
but are for use with flammable metals only. There are 2 types of specialist dry powder
extinguishers – ‘L2’ which only tackles lithium fires, and ‘M28’, for all other flammable metal
fires.
Contact us to buy dry powder fire extinguishers

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Extinguishers

 Overview:
CO2 extinguishers are predominantly used for electrical fire risks and are usually the main fire
extinguisher type provided in computer server rooms. They also put out Class B fires (flammable
liquids, such as paint and petroleum).
Label Colour:
– Black
Use for:
– Flammable liquids, like paint and petrol
– Electrical fires
Do not use for:
– Kitchen fires – especially chip-pan fires
– Combustible materials like paper, wood or textiles
– Flammable metals
How CO2 extinguishers work:
CO2 extinguishers suffocate fires by displacing the oxygen the fire needs to burn.
Types of premises/business who may need CO2 extinguishers:
– Premises with electrical equipment, such as:
o Offices
o Kitchens
o Construction sites
o Server rooms
All work vehicles should also carry a smaller 2kg CO2 extinguisher.

Where to locate CO2 extinguishers:

– Place near to the source of the fire risk and/or near the fire exits.
Contact us to buy CO2 fire extinguishers
Wet Chemical Extinguishers

Overview:
Wet chemical extinguishers are designed for use on Class F fires, involving cooking oils and
fats. They can also be used on Class A fires although it is more usual to have a foam or water
extinguisher for this type of fire risk.
Label Colour:
– Yellow
Use for:
– Cooking oil/fat fires
– Organic materials such as:
o Paper and cardboard
o Fabrics and textiles
o Wood and coal
Do not use for:
– Flammable liquid or gas fires
– Electrical fires
– Flammable metals
How wet chemical extinguishers work:
Wet chemical extinguishers create a layer of foam on the surface of the burning oil or fat,
preventing oxygen from fuelling the fire any further. The spray also has a cooling effect.
Types of premises/business who may need wet chemical extinguishers:
– Commercial kitchens
– Canteens
Where to locate wet chemical extinguishers:
– Place near to the source of the fire risk.