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Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities

The document describes three classifications of waste disposal facilities in the Philippines: open dumps, controlled dumps, and categorized final disposal facilities (sanitary landfills). Open dumps have no safety controls and waste is disposed in low-lying areas. Controlled dumps have basic improvements like compaction and cover but are only temporary. Sanitary landfills are engineered facilities that control environmental impacts through systems like leachate collection and landfill gas management. Site selection for landfills considers factors such as geology, hydrology, and proximity to water sources and development.

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JM Flores De Silva
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55 views

Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities

The document describes three classifications of waste disposal facilities in the Philippines: open dumps, controlled dumps, and categorized final disposal facilities (sanitary landfills). Open dumps have no safety controls and waste is disposed in low-lying areas. Controlled dumps have basic improvements like compaction and cover but are only temporary. Sanitary landfills are engineered facilities that control environmental impacts through systems like leachate collection and landfill gas management. Site selection for landfills considers factors such as geology, hydrology, and proximity to water sources and development.

Uploaded by

JM Flores De Silva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities

Disposal facilities in the Philippines can be


generally classified into three types as follows:
• Open Dump
• Controlled Dump
• Categorized Final Disposal Facility
(Landfill)
Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities
The disposal facilities are classified according to the development activities and operational
mechanisms undertaken.

• Open dumpsites are generally sited in vacant lots, usually adjacent to


residential areas where there are low-lying marshy lands, often done as a
way of reclaiming the area for future development.
• In terms of safety, the deposited area may have such uncontrolled
settlement due to the on-going decomposition of wastes.
Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities

Controlled Dump is a first step in the progression from open dumping.


 in Section 37, RA 9003, Controlled Dump Facilities shall only be allowed
to operate for a period of five (5) years, inclusive of the 3-year conversion
period.
 In doing so, there is no significant investment required in the capital cost
or equipment purchases, but rather its enhancement will concentrate
primarily on improvements to operational and management issues.
 The wastes undergo compaction, soil cover is applied, fires not permitted
and buffer zones provided, among others.
Controlled Dump
Different Classifications of Disposal Facilities
Categorized Final Disposal Facility (Sanitary Landfill)
• is a disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a
manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental
impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility.
Categorized Final Disposal Facility (Sanitary Landfill)
• is a disposal site designed, constructed, operated and maintained in a
manner that exerts engineering control over significant potential environmental
impacts arising from the development and operation of the facility.

• The basic operational controls include the following:

 leachate collection and treatment systems,


 landfill gas management,
 waste compaction,
 application of soil cover,
 all-weather primary and access roads,
 trained labor force, and a ban on waste pickers, among others.

• Site design is based on Hydrogeological considerations while site preparation


includes the provision on surface run-off control and containing earth movements.
Operating requirements for a solid waste sanitary
landfill:

 Detection and exclusion of hazardous waste from the facility


 Use of appropriate cover material for the landfill
 Disease vector control
 Control of gas production (especially those which can combust
readily)
 Monitoring of air and groundwater quality
 Access to facility
 Run-on and run-off control systems
 Restricting liquids entering the landfill
 Record keeping requirements
Sanitary Landfill Site Selection
Site selection criteria for a sanitary landfill:
 Land area and volume must be sufficient enough so that the landfill can
serve for the projected number of years.
The slope of the region should not be very steep.
Irrigation pipelines and water supply wells should not be situated close to
the boundary of the landfill.
Residential development should be planned away from the landfill site.
Unstable areas posing seismic risks should be avoided.
The depth to groundwater and proximity to water wells must be
thoroughly analyzed.
The visual impact of the landfill must be minimized (landscaping,
aesthetic development of landfill).
Agricultural land should not be used for landfill development.
Site selection for sanitary landfills
• Avoid:
• siteing over aquifers
• swampy areas
• Floodplains
• High water table

• Seek:
• Siteing over rocks of low hydraulic conductivity (clays & silts)
• Flat areas
Siting criteria
Site investigation criteria
• Sub Soil Investigation: type of soil, depth of GWT and bedrock,
permeability of various strata, strength parameters, extent of
availability of liner materials
• Ground Water / Hydro geological Investigation: Depth of GWT, GW
flow direction, Baseline GW quality parameters
• Topographical Investigation: To compute the earth work quantities
precisely
• Hydrological Investigation: To estimate the quantities of runoff for
appropriate design of drainage facilities
• Geological Investigation and Seismic Investigation: to delineate the
bedrock profile beneath the landfill base

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