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Chap6 Beamdeflection

The document discusses various analytical methods for determining deflection and slope at points on beams and shafts, including integration, discontinuity functions, and superposition. It covers the elastic curve concept, using integration to find slope and displacement, discontinuity functions, and the method of superposition. Examples are provided to illustrate applying integration to find deflection, using discontinuity functions to model loading, and using superposition to analyze combined loading cases. In-class activities are also outlined.

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Mark Lester Andaya
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85 views

Chap6 Beamdeflection

The document discusses various analytical methods for determining deflection and slope at points on beams and shafts, including integration, discontinuity functions, and superposition. It covers the elastic curve concept, using integration to find slope and displacement, discontinuity functions, and the method of superposition. Examples are provided to illustrate applying integration to find deflection, using discontinuity functions to model loading, and using superposition to analyze combined loading cases. In-class activities are also outlined.

Uploaded by

Mark Lester Andaya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AND SHAFTS

Today’s Objectives:
Students will be able to:
a) Determine the deflection and slope at specific points on beams and shafts,
using various analytical methods including:
1. The integration method
2. The use of discontinuity functions
3. The method of superposition

In-class Activities:
• Reading Quiz • Use of discontinuity functions
• Applications • Method of superposition
• Elastic Curve • Moment area method
• Integration Method • Concept Quiz
APPLICATIONS
ELASTIC CURVE
- The deflection diagram of the longitudinal axis that passes through the
centroid of each cross-sectional area of the beam is called the elastic curve,
which is characterized by the deflection and slope along the curve. E.g.

Fig. 12-1
ELASTIC CURVE
- Moment-curvature relationship:
- Sign convention:

Fig. 12-2

Fig. 12-3 Fig. 12-4


ELASTIC CURVE
- Consider a segment of width dx, the strain in arc ds, located at a position y
from the neutral axis is ε = (ds’ – ds)/ds. However, ds = dx = ρdθ and ds’ = (ρ-
y) dθ, and so ε = [(ρ – y) dθ – ρdθ ] / (ρdθ), or
1 =– ε
ρ y
Comparing with the Hooke’s Law ε = σ / E and the flexure formula σ = -My/I

We have

1 M
=
ρ EI
or

1 =– σ
ρ Ey Fig. 12-5
SLOPE AND DISPLACEMENT BY
INTEGATION
Kinematic relationship between radius of curvature ρ and location x:

1 = d 2v / dx2

ρ [ 1 + (dv/dx)2 ] 3/2

Then using the moment curvature equation, we have

M = 1 = d2v / dx2 d 2v
≈
EI ρ [ 1 + (dv/dx)2 ] 3/2 dx2

Or M = EIv”
Note: M is a function of x
Since V = dM/dx, so V = EIv”’ Note: V is a function of x
Also –w = dV/dx, so –w = EIv”” Note: w is a function of x

The above three equations will be used to find the elastic curve by integration
SLOPE AND DISPLACEMENT BY
INTEGATION (CONT.)
Sign convention:

Fig. 12-8
SLOPE AND
DISPLACEMENT BY
INTEGATION (CONT.)
Boundary Conditions:

• The integration constants can be determined by


imposing the boundary conditions, or

• Continuity condition at specific locations

Table 12 -1
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 2 (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE 2 (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE 2 (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE 2 (CONTINUED)
USE OF DISCONTINOUS
FUNCTIONS
Macaulay functions:

< x – a>n =
{ 0
(x – a )n
for x < a
for x ≥ a

n≥0
Integration of Macaulay functions:

<x – a>n+1
∫ <x – a>n dx = n+1 +C

Table 12-2
USE OF DISCONTINOUS FUNCTIONS (CONT.)
Singularity Functions:

0 for x ≠ a
w = P <x – a>-1 = { P for x = a

Fig. 12-15

0 for x ≠ a
w = M0 <x – a>-2 = { M0 for x = a

Fig. 12-16
USE OF DISCONTINOUS FUNCTIONS (CONT.)
Note: Integration of these two singularity functions yields results that are
different from those of Macaulay functions. Specifically,

∫ <x –a>n = <x – a>n+1 , n = -1, -2

Examples of how to use discontinuity functions to describe the loading or internal


moment in a beam:
w = - R1 <x – 0>-1 + P <x – a>-1 – M0<x – b>-2 + w0<x – c>0
M = R1 <x – 0> - P <x – a>) + M0<x – b>0 – (1/2)w0<x – c>2

Fig. 12-17
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
METHOD OF SUPERPOSITION
• Necessary conditions to be satisfied:
1. The load w(x) is linearly related to the deflection v(x),
2. The load is assumed not to change significantly the original geometry of
the beam of shaft.

Then, it is possible to find the slope and displacement at a


point on a beam subjected to several different loadings by
algebraically adding the effects of its various component
parts.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
EXAMPLE (CONTINUED)
CONCEPT QUIZ
1) The moment-curvature equation 1/ρ = M/EI is applicable to

A) Statically determined member only


B) Beams having uniform cross-sections only
C) Beams having constant Young’s Modulus E only
D) Beams having varying moment of inertia I.

2) The flexure equations imply that

A) Slope and deflection at a point of a beam are independent


B) Moment and shear at a point of a beam are independent
C) Maximum moment occurs at the locations where the shear is zero
D) Maximum moment occurs at the inflection point.
READING QUIZ
1) The slope angle θ in flexure equations is

A) Measured in degree C) Exactly equal to dv/dx


B) Measured in radian D) None of the above

2) The load must be limited to a magnitude so that not to change significantly


the original geometry of the beam. This is the assumption for

A) The method of superposition C) The method of integration


B) The moment area method D) All of them

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