Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center, Inc. Patho Secrets
Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center, Inc. Patho Secrets
Center, Inc.
PATHO SECRETS
anticentromere antibodiesScleroderma (CREST)
Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodiesPemphigus
vulgaris (blistering)
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung
hemorrhage)
antihistone antibodiesDruginduced SLE
antiIgG antibodiesRheumatoid arthritis (systemic
inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
antimitochonrial antibodies (AMAs)biliary cirrhosis
(female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis,
glomerulonephritis)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: antiSmith and anti
dsDNA)SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Antiplatelet antibodiesIdiopathic thrombocytopenic
purpura (ITP) bleeding diathesis
Antitopoisomerase antibodiesDiffuse systemic
scleroderma
Antitransglutaminase/antigliadin antibodiesCeliac
disease (diarhea, distention, weight loss)
Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blastsAuer
rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the
promylocytic type)
"Bamboo spine" on xrayankylosing spondylitis (chronic
inflammatory arthritis: HLAB27)
Basophilic stippling of RBCslead poisoning or
sideroblastic anemia
Bloody tap on LPsubarachnoid hemorrhage
"Bootshaped" heart on xrayTetralogy of Fallot, RVH
Branching grampositive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
Bronchogenic apical lung tumorPancoast's tumor (can
compress sympathetic ganglion and cuase Horner's
syndrome)
"Brown" tumor of bone
◦ Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of
osteolytic cysts. Due to:
◦ 1. Hyperparathyroidism
◦ 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of
bone)
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophyChagas' disease
(Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsuleRapidly
progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
"Chocolate cyst" of ovaryEndometriosis (frequently
involves both ovaries)
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding
pale neurofibrilsHomer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma,
medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
Colones of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungscystic
fibrosis
degeneration of dorsal column nervesTabes dorsalis
(tertiary syphilis)
depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting
tremor, bradykinesia)
desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in
whorled mucous plugs)
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluidCall
Exner bodies (granulostheca cell tumor of the ovary)
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear
enlargement and hyperchromasiaKoilocytes (HPV:
predisposes to cervical cancer)
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eyes" appearance of CMV
Enlarged thyroid cells with groundglass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the
thyroid)
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disase)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
Eosinophilic globule in liverCouncilman body (toxic or
viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of
hippocampal nerve cellsRabies virus (Lyssavirus)
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of
brainSenile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent
inclusions ("owl's eye")ReedSternberg cells (Hodgkin's
lymphoma)
Glomeruluslike structure surrounding vessel in
germ cellsSchillerDuval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
"Haironend" (crewcut) appearance on xraybeta
thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary
hematopoiesis)
hCG elevatedChoriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole
(occus with and without embryo)
heart nodules (inflammatory)Aschoff bodies
(rheumatic fever)
heterophile antibodiesInfectious mononucleosis (EBV)
hexagonal, doublepointed, needlelike crystals in
bronchial secretionsBronchial asthma (charcotLeyden
cyrstals: eosinophilic granules)
High level of DdimersDVT, pulmonary embolism,
DIC
"Honeycomb lung" on xrayInterstitial fibrosis
Hypersegmented neutrophilsMegaloblastic anemia
(B12, folate deficiency)
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
◦ Iron deficiency anemia
◦ Lead poisoning
◦ Thalassemia (HBF sometimes present)
increased alphafetoprotein in amniotic
fluid/maternal serumanencephaly, spina bifida (neural
tube defects)
increased uric acid levelsgout, leschNyhan syndrome,
myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
intranuclear eosinophilic dropletlike bodiescowdry
type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)
ironcontaining nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of
mesothelioma)
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes,
immunocompromisedchediakHigashi disease (failure
of phagolysosome formation)
low serum ceruloplasminWilson's disease
(hepatolenticular degeneration)
"Lumpybumpy"appearance of glomeruli on
immunofluorescencePoststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis
Lytic ("holepunched") bone lesions on xray
Multiple myeloma
Mammary gland ("bluedomed") cystFibrocystic
change of the breast
Monoclonal antibody spike
◦ 1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or
IgA)
◦ 2. monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance
(MGUS)
◦ 3. waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
◦ Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda
Ig light chains in urine])
◦ Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
Mucinfilled cell of peripheral nucleusSignet ring
(gastric carcinoma)
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"string sign" Crohn's disease
Nodular hyaline depositis in glomeruliKimmelstiel
Wilson nodules(diabetic nephropathy)
"Nutmeg" appearance of liverChronic passive
congestion of liver due to right heart failure
"Onionskin" periosteal reactionEwing's sarcoma
(malignant roundcell tumor)
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular
areacodman's triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's
sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
Podocyte fusion on EMMinimal change disease (child
with nephrotic syndrome)
Polished, "ivorylike" appearance of bone at
cartilage erosionEburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in
bony sclerosis)
protein aggregates in neurons from
hyperphsophorylation of protein tauNeurofibrillary
tangles (Alzheimer's diases and CJD)
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangementGlioblastoma
multiforme
RBC casts in urineAcute glomerulonephritis
Rectangular, crystallike inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
Renal epithelial casts in urineAcute toxic/viral
nephrosis
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringentPseudogout
(calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
Rib notchingCoarctation of the aorta
Sheets of mediumsized lymphoid cells ("starry
sky" appearance on histology)Burkitt's lymphoma
(t[8:14] cmyc activation, associated with EBV)
t[8:14]Burkitt's lymphoma
Silverstaining spherical aggregation of tau proteins
in neuronsPick bodies (pick's disease: progressive
dementia, similar to Alzheimer's)
small granulomatous lesions in lungs (can calcify)
Ghon focus (primarly TB)
small, round RBC inclusionsHeinz bodies (G6PD
deficiency, alphathalassemia, chronic liver disease)
"Soap bubble" on xrayGiant cell tumor of bone
(generally benign)