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Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center, Inc. Patho Secrets

This document lists various pathological findings and the conditions they are associated with, including: 1. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 2. Reed-Sternberg cells seen on histology are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma. 3. Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules seen on renal biopsy indicate diabetic nephropathy. 4. Neurofibrillary tangles seen on microscopy in neurons are associated with Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

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Kathryn Klein
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
800 views10 pages

Cracking D' Boards Study & Review Center, Inc. Patho Secrets

This document lists various pathological findings and the conditions they are associated with, including: 1. Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 2. Reed-Sternberg cells seen on histology are characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma. 3. Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules seen on renal biopsy indicate diabetic nephropathy. 4. Neurofibrillary tangles seen on microscopy in neurons are associated with Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Uploaded by

Kathryn Klein
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cracking D' Boards Study & Review

Center, Inc.
PATHO SECRETS

anticentromere antibodiesScleroderma (CREST)

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodiesPemphigus 
vulgaris (blistering)

Anti­glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and lung 
hemorrhage)

antihistone antibodiesDrug­induced SLE

anti­IgG antibodiesRheumatoid arthritis (systemic 
inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

antimitochonrial antibodies (AMAs)biliary cirrhosis 
(female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Vasculitis (Wegener's, microscopic polyangiitis, 
glomerulonephritis)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti­Smith and anti­
dsDNA)SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Antiplatelet antibodiesIdiopathic thrombocytopenic 
purpura (ITP) ­ bleeding diathesis

Anti­topoisomerase antibodiesDiffuse systemic 
scleroderma

Anti­transglutaminase/antigliadin antibodiesCeliac 
disease (diarhea, distention, weight loss)

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blastsAuer
rods (acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the 
promylocytic type)

"Bamboo spine" on xrayankylosing spondylitis (chronic
inflammatory arthritis: HLA­B27)

Basophilic stippling of RBCslead poisoning or 
sideroblastic anemia

Bloody tap on LPsubarachnoid hemorrhage

"Boot­shaped" heart on x­rayTetralogy of Fallot, RVH

Branching gram­positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii

Bronchogenic apical lung tumorPancoast's tumor (can 
compress sympathetic ganglion and cuase Horner's 
syndrome)

"Brown" tumor of bone
◦ Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of 
osteolytic cysts. Due to:
◦ 1. Hyperparathyroidism
◦ 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease of
bone)

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophyChagas' disease 
(Trypanosoma cruzi)

Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsuleRapidly 
progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

"Chocolate cyst" of ovaryEndometriosis (frequently 
involves both ovaries)

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding 
pale neurofibrilsHomer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, 
medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Colones of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungscystic 
fibrosis

degeneration of dorsal column nervesTabes dorsalis 
(tertiary syphilis)

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting
tremor, bradykinesia)

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in 
whorled mucous plugs)

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluidCall­
Exner bodies (granulos­theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear 
enlargement and hyperchromasiaKoilocytes (HPV: 
predisposes to cervical cancer)

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eyes" appearance of CMV

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground­glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the 
thyroid)

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disase)

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)

Eosinophilic globule in liverCouncilman body (toxic or
viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of 
hippocampal nerve cellsRabies virus (Lyssavirus)

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of 
brainSenile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent 
inclusions ("owl's eye")Reed­Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's
lymphoma)

Glomerulus­like structure surrounding vessel in 
germ cellsSchiller­Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

"Hair­on­end" (crew­cut) appearance on x­raybeta­
thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary 
hematopoiesis)

hCG elevatedChoriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole 
(occus with and without embryo)

heart nodules (inflammatory)Aschoff bodies 
(rheumatic fever)

heterophile antibodiesInfectious mononucleosis (EBV)

hexagonal, double­pointed, needle­like crystals in 
bronchial secretionsBronchial asthma (charcot­Leyden 
cyrstals: eosinophilic granules)
High level of D­dimersDVT, pulmonary embolism, 
DIC

"Honeycomb lung" on x­rayInterstitial fibrosis

Hypersegmented neutrophilsMegaloblastic anemia 
(B12, folate deficiency)

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
◦ Iron deficiency anemia
◦ Lead poisoning
◦ Thalassemia (HBF sometimes present)

increased alpha­fetoprotein in amniotic 
fluid/maternal serumanencephaly, spina bifida (neural 
tube defects)

increased uric acid levelsgout, lesch­Nyhan syndrome, 
myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet­like bodiescowdry 
type A bodies (HSV or yellow fever)

iron­containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increase chance of 
mesothelioma)

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, 
immunocompromisedchediak­Higashi disease (failure 
of phagolysosome formation)
low serum ceruloplasminWilson's disease 
(hepatolenticular degeneration)

"Lumpy­bumpy"appearance of glomeruli on 
immunofluorescencePoststreptococcal 
glomerulonephritis

Lytic ("hole­punched") bone lesions on x­ray
Multiple myeloma

Mammary gland ("blue­domed") cystFibrocystic 
change of the breast

Monoclonal antibody spike
◦ 1. multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or 
IgA)
◦ 2. monoclonal gammapathy of undetermined significance 
(MGUS)
◦ 3. waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia

Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
◦ Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda
Ig light chains in urine])
◦ Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)

Mucin­filled cell of peripheral nucleusSignet ring 
(gastric carcinoma)

Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"string sign" Crohn's disease

Nodular hyaline depositis in glomeruliKimmelstiel­
Wilson nodules(diabetic nephropathy)

"Nutmeg" appearance of liverChronic passive 
congestion of liver due to right heart failure

"Onion­skin" periosteal reactionEwing's sarcoma 
(malignant round­cell tumor)

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular 
areacodman's triangle on x­ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's 
sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Podocyte fusion on EMMinimal change disease (child 
with nephrotic syndrome)

Polished, "ivory­like" appearance of bone at 
cartilage erosionEburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in 
bony sclerosis)

protein aggregates in neurons from 
hyperphsophorylation of protein tauNeurofibrillary 
tangles (Alzheimer's diases and CJD)

Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangementGlioblastoma 
multiforme

RBC casts in urineAcute glomerulonephritis
Rectangular, crystal­like inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

Renal epithelial casts in urineAcute toxic/viral 
nephrosis

rhomboid crystals, positively birefringentPseudogout 
(calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)

Rib notchingCoarctation of the aorta

Sheets of medium­sized lymphoid cells ("starry 
sky" appearance on histology)Burkitt's lymphoma 
(t[8:14] c­myc activation, associated with EBV)

t[8:14]Burkitt's lymphoma

Silver­staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins 
in neuronsPick bodies (pick's disease: progressive 
dementia, similar to Alzheimer's)

small granulomatous lesions in lungs (can calcify)
Ghon focus (primarly TB)

small, round RBC inclusionsHeinz bodies (G6PD 
deficiency, alpha­thalassemia, chronic liver disease)

"Soap bubble" on xrayGiant cell tumor of bone 
(generally benign)

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