REPORT ON INTERNSHIP

WORK RECORD DONE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR

THE UNITARY LL.B DEGREE COURSE IN LAW

Submitted by

KAMAL.M
(Reg No. 47416550048)

Guided by

Dr. P G Balachandran
Assistant professor

GOVERNMENT LAW COLLEGE

THIRUVANANTHAPURAM, BARTON HILL, PMG,
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - 695033
 Dr. R. BIJU KUMAR
Principal
Govt. Law College
Thiruvananthapuram

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this practical Record on Internship submitted by

KAMAL.M, Sixth Semester , Reg. No: 47416550048 as part of the partial
fulfillment of the course work for Unitary Three Year LLB Degree Course
during 2019.

Thiruvananthapuram Dr. R.BIJUKUMAR

Date Principal
 DECLARATION

This is to declare that the Record of Internship, is a report on the bonafide

work carried out by the candidate KAMAL.M, Sixth Semester, Reg.NO:
47416550048 under our supervision, as part of the partial fulfillment of the
practical training course for Unitary LLB Degree Course during 2016-2019, is a
genuine document and no part of the same has earlier been submitted of any
degree or for any publication.

Thiruvananthapuram Faculties in charge

Dr. P G Balachandran
Assistant Professor
Govt. Law College
Thiruvananthapuram
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all who helped me bringing about
this Report.

My Sincere gratitude to Dr. R. Bijukumar, Principal,

Government Law College, Thiruvananthapuram who has been a well-wisher

throughout the course of Study.

I express my sincere thanks and whole hearted regards and thanks to Assistant
Professor Dr. P G Balachandran, who undertook the guidance of this training and
who gave the opportunity to undergo this training.

I would like to thank my parents and my friends who have influenced me throughout
the project.

The success of any work is based on the grounds of contributions made by various
personalities. I would like to express my sincere thanks to each and every one who
had directly or indirectly extended their valuable and encouraging support during my
internship report.
 PREFACE

This report is an outcome of the internship programme of Government Law

College, Thiruvananthapuram for the students of sixth semester three year unitary
LL.B. The purpose of this report is to explain what I did and learnt during my
internship. The main constituents of the report are the location, structure, role and
functions of different organizations and the observations of the functioning of
different organizations. I have tried my best to do justice with my activities and put it
in black and white with the same effort. I proudly submit this report for kind
consideration.
 INTRODUCTION

Internship is one of the modes of practical training in the sphere of legal

education. Apart from moots, legal aid and legal writing, it forms the core component
of practical acquisition and assimilation of law teaching syllabus for the students. The
process of internship provides the students with an opportunity to study and examine
the structure, function and behaviour of the organizations. It shows to them the nature
of legal framework of institutions and concerned issues. Students get benefit of an
exposure to law in action rather than law in books and thus help them in due
acquisition of legal expertise. Internship, if carried out diligently and with adequate
interest would bring multiple advantages. The students will get valuable knowledge
about the organizations and their functioning. The exposure may help in forming
everlasting ties with influential persons. It would greatly assist them in understanding
the teaching of substantive and procedural laws in class rooms. In many cases, the
contacts developed would help the students directly or indirectly in their placements. I
got opportunity to visit and complete my internship.

True learning is born out of experience and observation. Practical experience

through internship is one of the best types of learning that can remember throughout
the life.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SL NO. INTERNSHIP PAGE NO

1 Advocate Office

2 Haripad Police Station

3
Grama Panchayath
4
Administrative Reforms Comission
ADVOCATES OFFICE
 INTRODUCTION
Advocacy is a political process by an individual or group which aims to
influence public policy and resource allocation decisions within political,
economic, social systems and institutions. Advocacy can include many
activities that a person or organization undertakes including media campaigns,
public speaking, commissioning and publishing search or conducting exit poll
or the filing of an amicus brief.

There are several forms of advocacy, each representing a different in a

way to initiate changes in society. A Lawyer according to Black’s law
dictionary is a person learned in law as an attorney, counsel, solicitor or a
person who practicing in law. Law is the system of rules of conduct established
by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain the
stability of political and social authority and deliver justice. Working as lawyer
involves the participation of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve
specific individualized problems or to advance the interest of those who retain
lawyers to perform legal services.

The role of the lawyers varies significantly across legal jurisdictions and
so it can be treated here in only the most general terms. In practice, legal
jurisdiction their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer. As, a
result, the meaning of the term layer may be very place to place.
 ADVOCATE

To support or defend by argument; to recommend publicly.An individual

who presents or argues another's case; one who gives legal advice and pleads
the cause of another before a court or tribunal; a counsellor.

According to Advocates Act 1961, “advocate” means an advocate entered

in any roll under the provisions of this Act.

Advocacy is the means by which a barrister puts their client's case to the
court, and may be both written and oral. It is a specialist skill, the quality and
excellence of which distinguishes the Bar from other providers of legal services.
Advocacy in all its forms seeks to ensure that people, particularly those who are
most vulnerable in society, are able to: Have their voice heard on issues that are
important to them. Defend and safeguard their rights. Have their views and
wishes genuinely considered when decisions are being made about their lives.

Advocacy is the act of pleading for or arguing in favour of something or

actively supporting a cause or proposal. It can also refer to the work or
profession of an advocate. For lawyers advocacy means representing the
interests of the client in the best manner possible.

Advocacy in all its forms seeks to ensure that people, particularly those
who are most vulnerable in society, are able to:

 Have their voice heard on issues that are important to them.

 Defend and safeguard their rights.
 Have their views and wishes genuinely considered when decisions are
being made about their lives.

Advocacy is a process of supporting and enabling people to:

1.Express their views and concerns.
2.Access information and services.
 3.Defend and promote their rights and responsibilities.
4.Explore choices and options

Advocacy can be helpful in all kinds of situations where you:

 Find it difficult to make your views known.
 Need other people listen to you and take your views into account.

Advocates Professional Ethics

Advocates, in addition to being professionals, are also officers of the
court and play a virtual role in the administration of justice. Accordingly, the set
of rules that govern their professional conduct arise out of the duty that they
owe the court, the client, their opponents and other advocates.

Rules on the professional standards that an advocate needs to maintain

are mentioned in Chapter II, Part VI of the Bar Council of India Rules. These
rules have been placed there under Sec. 49(1) (c) of the Advocates Act, 1961.

RULES ON AN ADVOCATE’S DUTY TOWARDS THE

COURT
1. Act in a dignified manner :-
 During the presentation of his case and also while acting before a
court, an advocate should act in a dignified manner. He should at all
times conduct himself with self-respect. However, whenever there is
proper ground for serious complaint against a judicial officer, the
advocate has a right and duty to submit his grievance to proper
authorities.
2. Respect the court :-
An advocate should always show respect towards the court. An
advocate has to bear in mind that the dignity and respect maintained
towards judicial officer is essential for the survival of a free community.
3. Not communicate in private :-
An advocate should not communicate in private to a judge with
regard to any matter pending before the judge or any other judge. An
advocate should not influence the decision of a court in any matter using
illegal or improper means such as coercion, bribe etc.
4. Refuse to act in an illegal manner towards the opposition :-
An advocate should refuse to act in an illegal or improper manner
towards the opposing counsel or the opposing parties. He shall also use
his best effort to restrain and prevent his client from acting in any illegal,
improper manner or use unfair practices in any matter towards the
judiciary, opposing counsel or the opposing parties.
5. Refuse to represent client who insist on unfair means :-
An advocate shall refuse to represent any clients who insist on
using unfair or improper means. An advocate shall excise his own
judgment in such matter. He shall not blindly follow the instruction of the
client. He shall be dignified in use of his language in correspondence and
during argument in court. He shall not scandalously damage the
reputation of the parties on false grounds during pleadings. He shall not
be unparliamentarily language during arguments in the court.

6 Appear in proper dress code :-

An advocate should appear in court at all-time only in the dress
prescribed under the Bar Council of India Rules and his appearance
should always be presentable
6. Refuse to appear in front of relation :-
 An advocate not enter appearance, act, plead or practice in any way
before a judicial authority if the sole or any member of the bench is
related to the advocate as Father, Grand Father, Son, Grandson, Uncle,
Brother, Nephew, First Cousin, Husband, Wife, Mother, Daughter, Sister,
Aunt, Nice, Father-In-Law, Mother-In-Law, Son-In-Law, Daughter-In-
Law or Sister-In-Law.
7. Not to wear bands or grown in public
An Advocate should not wear bands or grown in public place other
than court, except on such ceremonial occasion and at such places as the
Bar Council of India or as the court may prescribes.
8. Not represent establishments of which he is a member
An Advocate should not appear in or before any judicial authority,
for or against any establishment if he is a member of the management of
the establishment. This rule is does not apply to a member appearing
“amicus curiae” or without a fee on behalf of the Bar Council,
incorporated law society or a Bar Association.
9. Not appear in matter of pecuniary interest
An Advocate should not act or plead in any matter in which he has
financial interest. For instance, he should not act in a bankruptcy petition
when he is also a creditor of the bankrupt. He should also not accept a
brief from a company of which he is a Director.
10. Not stand as surety for client
An Advocate should not stand as a surety, or certify the soundness
of a surety that his client requires for the purpose of any legal
proceedings.
 RULES ON AN ADVOCATE DUTY TOWARDS
THE CLENT

1) Bound to accept briefs

An Advocate is bound to accept any brief in the courts or tribunals
or before any other authority in or before which he proposes to practice.
He should levy fees which are at par with the fees collected by fellow
advocates of his standing at the Bar and the nature of the case. Special
circumstances may justify his refusal to accept a particular brief.
2) Not withdraw from service
An Advocate should not ordinarily withdraw from serving a client
once he has agreed to serve them. He can withdraw only if he has a
sufficient cause and by giving reasonable and sufficient notice to the
client. Upon withdrawal, he shall refund such part of the fee that he has
not accrued to the client.
3) Not appear in matters where he himself is a witness
An Advocate should not accept a brief or appear in a case in which
he himself is a witness. If he has a reason to believe that in course of
event
 RIGHT TO PRACTICE

Section 29 of Advocates Act 1961, Advocates to be the only recognized

class of persons entitled to practice law.—Subject to the provisions of this Act
and any rules made thereunder, there shall, as from the appointed day, be only
one class of persons entitled to practice the profession of law, namely,
advocates And section 30 Right of advocates to practice.—Subject to provisions
of this Act, every advocate whose name is entered in the 1[State roll] shall be
entitled as of right to practice throughout the territories to which this Act
extends,— (i) in all courts including the Supreme Court; (ii) before any tribunal
or person legally authorized to take evidence; and (iii) before any other
authority or person before whom such advocate is by or under any law for the
time being in force entitled to practice.

ADVOCATE NOTICE

When a client approaches an advocate for a case first it is necessary to

consider whether the claim is barred by Limitation Act and it is maintainable or
not. For initiating as suit serving of notice is necessary. It must contain cause of
action, address of the parties, time, date and place.

REPLY NOTICE

On the receipt of the notice, the other party may approach his Advocate
and will send a reply for the notice received to him is known as reply notice.

VAKALATH NAMA

A vakalathnama is the document empowering an Advocate to act for and

on behalf of his client.
PLAINT

Section 26 of C.P.C. stipulates that every suit shall be instituted by the

presentation of a plaint or in such other manner as may be prescribed.In plaint,
plaintiff should allege facts about his cause of action. In fact, plaint consists
ofsome contents, and it is mandatory that such contents should be present in
plaint.It is a first duty of court, before which a suit is instituted to properly
examine the plaint, for the purposeof determining, whether it should be
returned, or rejected and in order to determine, thequestion of rejection it is the
responsibility the court to take consideration other materials too, Order VII,
Rule1of CPC narrate cases where plaint should be rejected.According tosection
26 of the Code of the Civil Procedure every suit shall be instituted by the
presentation of a plaint.Once the plaint is ready, it is to be filed in the court
which has both territorial and pecuniary jurisdiction. According to section 15 of
the CPC a suit trial by a civil court must be instituted in the court of the lowest
grade competent to try it. Once a plaint is taken to the court, the court officer,
the date of filing shall also be stamped on the plaint as soon as it is filed.

Order VII: Rule 1, prescribes the essentials or particulars of the

plaint

A plaint is a statement of claim, a document by presentation of which the

suit is instituted. Its object is to state the grounds upon which the assistance of
the Court is sought by the plaintiff.

The essentials or particulars of plaint are (Order VII: Rule 1)

(a) The name of the plaintiff,

(b) The name, description and place of residence of the plaintiff,

(c) Plaint should contain name, description and residence of defendant.

(d) When plaintiff or defendant is minor or person of unsound mind, plaint

should contain a statement to that effect.

(e) When plaintiff or defendant is minor or person of unsound mind, plaint

should contain a statement to that effect
(f) Plaint should contain those facts, which have constituted cause of action.
In addition to this, it should also be described in plaint when cause of
action has arisen.

(g). Plaint should contain those facts, which show the court has jurisdiction.

(h) Plaint should contain that relief, which plaintiff claims.

(i) When plaintiff has allowed set off or has relinquished a portion of his
claim, plaint should contain that amount, which has been so allowed or so
relinquished.

(j) Plaint should contain statement of value of subject-matter of suit not only
for purpose of jurisdiction, but also for purpose of court-fees.

WRITTEN STATEMENT

A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it.
Affidavits must be notarized or administered by an officer of the court with
such appellant authority.The defendant shall, within thirty days from the date of
service of summons on him, present a written statement of his defence.

CASE DOCKET

A docket contains a summary of the basic information about a litigation,

bankruptcy, or other type of court case. This generally includes the case (or
“docket” or “index”) number, court, assigned judge, relief demanded, nature of
suit, type of claim alleged, criminal information, case status, litigants, and
attorneys. Dockets also contain a summary of most, if not all, of the documents
on file with the court, as well as a record of certain events in the life of a case.
Dockets provide an on-going record of the case, allowing attorneys to
obtain information, monitor filings and avoid missing deadlines. Obtaining new
dockets can also alert attorneys to new lawsuits that have begun against their
clients or potential clients.
Roll calls

 OS 2/2014
 OS 14/2014
 OS 542/2015
 OS 458/2016
 OS 482/2017
 OS 548/2017
 RC 45/2015
 RC 445/2016
 RC 45/2017
 IA 45/2017
 IA 45/2017
 IA 558/2017
 EP in OS 455/2013
 EP 545/2013
 EP 54/2014
 EP 455/2015
 EP 54/2016
 EP558/2017
 ST 545/2013
 ST 585/2015
 ST 5855/2016
 OP (Succession) 58/2015
 OP(Succession) 4/2016
 OP(succession)55/2017

CRIMINAL CASES

FIR:-

The first information report means information recorded by a police officer on

duty given either by the aggrieved person or any other person to the commission
of an alleged offence. On the basis of first information report, the police
commence its investigation. Section 154 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973 defines as to what amounts to first information .

We have already emphasized this fact that as far as possible and

practicable, every FIR should invariably be filed promptly, expeditiously and
without wasting any time. There may be circumstances where some concession
of time must be given in filing the FIR But there must be cogent reasons for
reasonable delay in filing the FIR under the compelling circumstances. Judges
with lot of wisdom and experience can use their discretion judiciously and in
the interest of justice in each and every case. However, no possible duration of
time can be fixed for applying the test of reasonableness to the lodging of an
FIR as we have already explained. It depends upon facts and circumstances of
each case. The delay in lodging the FIR as such is not fatal in law if the
prosecution substantiated the factual difficulties encountered by the persons
lodiging the report.

Following are the reports or statements which do not amount to be an FIR:-

1. A report or a statement recorded after the commencement of the

investigation (sections 162 and 163 of the Code of Criminal Procedure,
1973).
2. Reports not recorded immediately but after questioning of witnesses.
3. Reports recorded after several days of developments.
4. Information not about occurrence of cognizable offence but only cryptic
message in the form of an appeal for immediate help.
5. Complaint to the magistrate.
6. Information to beat house.
7. Information to the Magistrate or police officer on phone.
8. Information received at police station prior to the lodging of an F.I.R.

BAIL APPLICATION
IN THE COURT OF ____________, ADDITIONAL DISTRICT AND
SESSION JUDGE, _____________ COURTS, ____________

IN THE MATTER OF:

 LMN, ___________, Son of _________________ Years of Age, Working as
_____ Residing at __________

........... Petitioner

Versus

State of_________ Through PQR, Son of _________, ____ Years of age,

Working as __________ Residing at _______________

...........Respondent

FIR No.: ___________

U/s: ___________

P.S.: ___________

APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 439 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL

PROCEDURE 1973 FOR GRANT OF BAIL

Most Respectfully Show:

1. That the present application under section 439 of the Code of Criminal
Procedure 1973 is being filed by the Petitioner for seeking grant of bail in FIR
No. _________ registered at Police Station_______________. The present
petition is being moved as the Petitioner has been arrested on _________ (give
date) in connection with the said FIR. The petitioner is now in judicial/police
custody.

2. That the Petitioner is innocent and is being falsely implicated in the above
said case as he has nothing to do with the matter.

3. That the Petitioner is a law abiding citizen of India. The petitioner is

gainfully carrying on the business of ________ at ________. (Give details).

4. That the Petitioner is a responsible person and is living at the above

mentioned address.

5. (Give all other relevant facts, which have led to the arrest or which show
the petitioner's innocence or disassociation with the alleged offence supposed to
have been committed)
6. That the Petitioner is innocent and no useful purpose would be served by
keeping him under custody and this is a fit case for grant of bail. (It would be
pertinent to mention as to the stage of investigation or in case the charge sheet
has been filed, whether charges have been imposed, evidence has started, the
length of the list of witnesses cited by the prosecution etc. as these would all be
mitigating circumstances)

7. That the Petitioner undertakes to abide by the conditions that this

Honorable Court may impose at the time of granting bail to the Petitioner and
further undertakes to attend the trial on every date of hearing.

8. That the Petitioner has not filed any other similar petition before this or
any other Honorable Court for grant of bail in case of the present FIR. (Or give
details and results of earlier applications)

PRAYER:

In view of the above stated facts and circumstances it is most respectfully

prayed that this Honorable Court may be pleased to

a. Grant bail to the Petitioner in connection with FIR No. ________

registered under section ________, for the offence of ________ (give sections)
at Police Station _________ (give place).

b. Pass any other such order as this Honorable Court may deem fit and proper
in the interest of justice.

LMN........Petitioner

Through

SUMMON CASES AND WARRANT CASES

In ‘summons case’ and ‘warrant case’ are used in reference to the

procedure adopted by the magistrate for the trial of the case, which is entirely
different for both:

 The procedure prescribed for summons cases is simpler and speedier than
that prescribed for warrant cases. Warrant cases as they deal with
offences graver than those in summons cases cannot be tried in the same
simple and speedy fashion as summons cases.
  Greater opportunities for defence are offered to the accused in
a warrant case than in a summons case.
 Unlike in a summons case a charge has to be framed in
a warrant case and the accused has also a right to reserve cross-
examination of the prosecution witnesses till a last stage. These are
substantial and valuable rights which an accused has if the procedure
prescribed in Chapter XXI is followed and he cannot be deprived of
them.
 The difference between the two forms of trial is not therefore merely one
of form importing more irregularity curable u/S. 537of the Criminal
Procedure Code On the other hand, it is so vital that there is an almost
indefeasible presumption of prejudice to the accused if a warrant case is
tried as a summons case.”
 An accused person gets (only one chance of cross-examining the
prosecution witnesses under the summons procedure whereas under the
warrant procedure he is entitled to cross-examine the said witnesses
twice, once before the framing of the charge and again after the charge is
framed.
 In summons cases where the personal attendance of the accused has been
dispensed with, either under Section 205 or under Section 540-A, the
court should have a power to dispense with his examination; and in other
cases, even where his personal attendance has been dispensed with, the
accused should be examined personally.

COMPLAINT
A criminal complaint is a court document filed that accuses or charges a
suspect with committing a crime. Criminal complaints are usually filed by the
prosecutor in cooperation with the police. Sometimes the victim of a crime will
individually file a criminal complaint against a suspect. In many instances,
criminal trials start with the filing of the complaint.

An arrest does not begin a formal criminal proceeding. The filing of a

criminal complaint is required for the criminal process to begin. Unlike civil
complaints, criminal complaints always are filed by the government or the
prosecutor of the state who is bringing the charges.

SUMMARY TRIAL
 A summary trial implies speedy disposal. A summary case is one which
can be tried and disposed of at once. Needless to say, the summary procedure is
not intended for a contentious and complicated case which merits a full and
lengthy inquiry.
CALENDER CASE
A list of cases that are awaiting trial or other settlement, often called a
trial list or docket.
ROLL CALL
 ST 84/2014
 ST 95/2014
 CC 1291/2011
 ST 76/2014
 ST 75/2015
 ST 63/2014
 ST 76/2014
 ST 82/2014
 CMP 585/2016
 CMP455/2016
 CMP 54/2017
 MC 455/2016
 MC 56/2016
 MC 458/2017
 ST 84/2014
 HARIPAD
POLICE STATION
 INTRODUCTION
Police is one of the most ubiquitous organizations of the society. The
Police Men therefore happen to be most visible representatives of the Govt. in
an hour of need, danger, crisis and difficulty, when a citizen does not know,
what to do, and whom to approach, the Police Station and police men happen to
be the most appropriate and approachable unit and person for him. The Police
are expected to be the most accessible, inter active and dynamic organization of
any society. Broadly speaking the twin roles, which the people are expected to
play in a society are maintenance of Law and maintenance of order. The motto
of Police force is “Citizen First”

The Kerala State Police is the State Police for the state of Kerala, and is
responsible for statewide law enforcement. The Kerala State Police was formed
in 1956 after the taluk of in kasarkode the South Kanara district of Madras
Presidency, the Malabar district of Madras Presidency, and Travancore-Cochin,
without four southern taluks (which joined Tamil Nadu), merged to form the
state of Kerala under the States Reorganization Act. Kerala Police has its
headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital. The head of the state
police is the Director General of Police (DGP). The current D.G.P. is Lokanath
Behera, IPS. The D.G.P. reports to the Chief Minister of Kerala, who is
the chief executive of the state.

Kerala State Police is the law enforcement agency for the state of Kerala.
Kerala Police has its headquarters in Thiruvananthapuram, the state capital.
Kerala Police has a reputation for being one of the best managed police
forces in the country, and one of the top-ranking states in terms of law and
order, in various social security rankings. Kerala police is also the first police
department in South Asia to undertake community policing.

Motto of Kerala Police

 The motto of the force is "Mridhu Bhave Dhrida Kruthye" which means
"Soft in Temperament, Firm in Action" in Sanskrit.

Vision and Mission

We, the Kerala Police Department are committed to providing highest
quality of police services to the people who live, work and visit our State. We
will constantly evaluate and improve our efforts to enhance public safety and
maintain law & order respecting citizen’s rights and uplifting dignity.

The duty of police is to help secure the society in which the rights and
responsibilities of individuals, families and communities are properly balanced.
The main objectives of the police are to;

 Ensure safety and reduce disorders,

 Reduce crime and the fear of crime
 Contribute to delivery of justice, which secures and maintains
public confidence in the rule of law

Keeping the above aspects in view, the General Executive Branch (Local)
of Police is associated with the general public in their day-to-day life. They
function with the object of safeguarding the life and property of the people and
providing them adequate security by preventing crimes. Functioning of the
General Executive branch is always under close scrutiny by the public in all its
aspects because the State has a responsibility to provide a standardized and
comprehensive Police service, which makes the public feel safe.

Governance of Kerala Police

The state head of Kerala Police Force is State Police Chief belongs to
Director General of Police rank the officers of various ranks in ascending order,
be as follows:-

 Director General of Police & State Police Chief.

 Director General of Police
 Additional Director General of Police
  Inspector General of Police
 Deputy Inspector General of Police
 Superintendent of Police
 Deputy Superintendent/Assistant Superintendent of Police
 Inspector of Police
 Sub-Inspector of Police
 Assistant Sub-Inspector of Police
 Senior Civil Police Officer/ Police Head Constable
 Civil Police Officer/Police Constable

For the proper administration the Geographical area of state is bifurcated

as South Zone and North Zone which is headed by Additional Director General
of Police. Further, each zone is dived into two ranges viz Thiruvananthapuram
Range & Ernakulam Range, Thrissur Range & Kannur Range respectively.
There are five (5) Police Commissioner and 14 Police districts which are headed
by District Police Chiefs, rank of Deputy Inspector General of Police /
Superintendent of Police ranks as the case is. The Additional Director General
of Police is in charge of a particular function like Administration Headquarters,
Modernization, PCR, CBCID, Intelligence, Traffic and Training.

Chiefs Officer of Kerala Police Department

1. Hon'ble Chief Minister -Sri. PINARAYI VIJAYAN

2. DGP & STATE POLICE CHIEF KERALA

- Sri. LOKNATH BEHERA IPS

3. ADGP - Sri. S. Aananthakrishnan IPS

4. Inspector General of Police -Sri. P. Vijayan IPS
5. Inspector General of Police Headquarters

-Sri. Dinendra Kashyap IPS

6. Deputy Inspector General -Sri. K. Sethu Raman IPS

7. Assistant Inspector General - Sri. K. Sethu Raman IPS (I/C)
 8. Additional Assistant Inspector General

- Sri. Thomson Jose IPS

9. AIG PG - Sri. Sukumara Pillai.J IPS

10. Superintendent of Police Headquarters

- Sri. V.G. Vinodkuma

11. Superintendent of Police Motor Transport

- Sri. K. Ajith

12. Superintendent of Police Women Cell

- Sri. R. Nishanthini IPS (i/c

13. AIG, Coastal Security - Sri. Alex K. John IPS

14. Superintendent of Police Traffic South Zone

History of kerala police

There is no authoritative record on the history of Police in ancient Kerala.

To a great extent one has to rely upon the earliest literary documents starting
from the Sanghom period (200 AD). The literary works of the Sanghom period,
namely Akamkrithikal, Pathittipattu and Chilppathikaram, depict the ancient
policing system. These works refer to the appointment of Sentries and
watchmen who were posted on the highways to protect the travellers and
caravans of merchants, etc. Chilappathikaram gives a detailed account of
investigation of cases by a special group of people. The literary works of
Sanghom period also describe various types of ''Kaval' (guard), Kanchukil (who
had kanchukam or uniform), Harrikaran (Officer with designated duties),
Souvidithon (one who attends Court duties), Vetradharan (Bodyguard of the
King), Dwarapalakas (Armed men guarding the gates and entrance) and
Darsaka or Prathihara (Personal assistant to the King, and Kolkaran (man armed
with a stick). Those who were posted in the secret service section were
described as 'Charan', 'Doothan', Apasarpakan and Goodapurushan.

The feudal system which existed in ancient Kerala gave way to a new
structure under the Cheras, comprising Thara, Desomand Nadu ruled by
Madampi, Desavazhi and Naduvazhi respectively. They were entrusted with the
job of law enforcement, including awarding of punishments. The said rulers
awarded stringent punishments even for trivial offences and hence there was
substantial decline of crime rate. Foreign travellers who visited Kerala during
13th century had admired the structure of the Police-judicial system which
existed during that period.

Police in Travancore

As said above, there was no unified geographical entity as 'Kerala' before

1956. The present Kerala State was formed in 1956 by re-organizing and
merging of former Travancore-Cochin States and the British Malabar State.
Within the Princely States, Kerala had several regions, zones and semi-
sovereign territories which were ruled by Chieftains, big and small. The
Travancore State formally came into existence in the middle of 14th century but
there is no detailed historical description available on the working of the Police
system until 18th century. Historical evidence discloses that the country
wasdivided into many small kingdoms which were ruled by Desavazhis assisted
by Nattukootam. There was no central or apex authority to govern the autocratic
functioning of Desavazhis. During the period of King MarthandaVarma (1729-
1758), the need for an enhanced armed force to maintain the law and order
system was found necessary. King MarthandaVarma engaged the services of
'Marava Force' to suppress local rebellions from time to time. The duties of the
Police were carried out by the said Armed Forces. The written records regarding
the Structure, Strength and various other details on the Armed Forces in the
erstwhile Travancore are available from 1757 AD onwards. They revealed that
the Kingdom was divided into various divisions and several new posts such as
'Sarvadhi-karyakar', 'Karyakar' and 'Pravarthyakar' were created. These officers
were responsible for enforcing the law and order. They were also responsible
for judicial functions. All major law and order issues, cases of murder, robbery
and theft were handled by the said local authorities with the active participation
of the local people.

The semblance of a modern police force was created in the late 19th
century under the British rule. Oliver H. Bensley became the first
Superintendent of Police for the state of Travancore in 1881. William. H.
Pittwas appointed the Police Commissioner of Travancore in 1921

In 1939 there was a major re-organisation of the Police System and the
post of Inspector General of Police was introduced.

Mr. Khan BhahadhurSayid Abdul Karim Sahib Suhrawady was appointed as

the first Inspector General of Police of the Travancore State. The strength of the
Police force during 1939 is shown below:
  Inspector General of Police 1
 Deputy Inspector General of Police 1
 District Superintendents of Police 3
 Assistant Superintendents of Police 6
 Inspectors 81
 Head Constables 236
 Police Constables 2337

Significant changes were made during 1939 in the General Executive Wing,
Criminal Intelligence Wing, Reserve Force, Special Police and Traffic Wing.
The total strength of Police personnel in 1947 was 3626. N. Chandrasekharan
Nair was appointed as Inspector General of Police and he took charge on 21st of
August, 1948. He continued as Inspector General of Police even after the
merger of Travancore and Cochin in1952 and he was appointed as the first
Inspector General of Police after the formation Kerala State in 1956.

Reputation of Travancore Police

Sir. T MadhavaRao in his Administration Report for 1042 M.E.(1867

A.D) praised the Police System, commenting that"A very high degree of
security of persons and property has now been attained in Travancore. Men and
Women, the latter with costly ornaments, travel by the highways night and day
without apprehension. Isolated bazaars are often found in charge of mere boys
and girls."

The Travancore State Manual by T. K. VeluPillai (1882-1950) (first

published in 1940) mentioned that only literate persons were recruited in the
Police Force. Men of high education are frequently chosen to fill places in the
subordinate ranks.The document further states that "Prominent persons like
Mahatma Gandhi have been so much impressed with the discipline and courtesy
exhibited by the generality of the Force that they have thought it fit to give them
high compliment by comparing them with the London Police.

Police in Malabar

Before the occupation of Malabar by TippuSulthan, the Malabar area was

administered by Naduvazhis and Desavazhis with the help of local chieftains. In
the early decades of 18th century there existed a primitive Police force, which
comprised 'Kolkar', which was maintaining the duties of law and order in the
Malabar area. After the invasion of Tippu, the situation changed as many
Naduvazhis left Malabar resulting in utter chaos. When British started ruling
Malabar in 1810, Captain Watts trained 500 Armed Policemen. They took over
the Police duties from the then existing wing (comprising Kolkar, Defedars and
Jamedars).An additional 1600 Kolkars were trained and added to do work for
the Police.

In 1816 a new system was introduced in Malabar by the British Rulers.

As per the system the control of Police in a village was vested with the village
Adhikari, the control of Taluk Police was vested with the Thahasildar and the
Control of Police in important cities was vested with Police Amins. All the
above functionaries had to work under the control of the District Magistrate. In
this system, the sepoys who were under the control of Revenue Department also
had to perform the duties of Police constables. British India Government wanted
to rectify certain loopholes in the above system. Therefore the then Government
sanctioned the post of Military Officers and in order to assist them a Police
force was constituted which consisted of 31 native officers, 150 Sepoys and 2
buglers. The then South Malabar Police SuperintendentMr. Hitchcock organised
a new Police force on the model of the British Army which came into existence
in 1921 as Malabar Special Police. Hitchcock himself was the first
Commandant of M S P. In 1932 the strength of the force was increased to 16
companies

Police it the unified Travancore-Cochin State

Travancore-Cochin State was formed on 1st July 1949. Though the

pattern of the Police setup was similar in both states there were minor
differences with regard to the Station House Officers. When the Travancore-
Cochin State merged with the Indian Union, the State Force lost its independent
authority and existence as it had become part of the Union Forces, which could
be deployed even outside the State. As a result, the internal security of the State
was vested with the Union Armed Reserved Force. The recruitment to the
higher level posts was routed through the U P S C after the UPSC was formed
in 1950. In 1951 the representatives of the U P S C selected N.
Chandrasekharan Nair, M. Gopalan, SrinivasaIyer, K. SreenivasaRao, M.
Krishna Pillai and T K BhaskaraMarar to the Indian Police Service Cadre, for
the State of Madras.

Modern Police

The re-organization of the States in India which were formed on the basis
of language in 1956 had resulted in the formation of Kerala State on 1st
November 1956. Upon the formation of the State of Kerala, Travancore, Cochin
and Malabar areas merged though certain parts in those areas were separated.
The entire Police Establishment underwent major changes. The total strength of
the Kerala Police except M S P and Fire Force in 1956 was 11,312. Certain
special powers and functions were given to the Kerala Police by enacting the
Kerala Police Act of 1960. The First Women Police Station in India was
inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi at Kozhikode in
1973. The designation of the Head of Police department was changed to
Director General of Police (D.G.P) in 1981. T. AnanthaSankaraIyer became the
first D.G.P of Kerala.

INTERNSHIP FROM HARIPAD POLICE STATION

Haripad Circle has the jurisdiction of the major parts of
Karthikappally and part of Kuttanadu. It consists of three Police Stations
which are Haripad, Thrikkunnappuzha and Veeyapuram. Haripad circle
belongs to Kayamkulam Sub Division.
Address for communication is 'Office of the Inspector of Police, Haripad,
Pin-690514
National High way(NH-66) lies in Haripad PS limit from
Nangiarkulangara to Kalpakavadi about 12Km. The coastal area lies
only in Thrikkunnappuzha PS limit from Valiyazheeckal to Thottappally
at about 21 Km. The west boundary of the circle is Arabian sea, east is
Mannar & Pulickeezhu PS, North portion is Edathua and South belongs
to Kareelakulangar
Sanctioned strength details

2 2 18 32 4

Taluk
Karthikapally

Villages
1. Karuvatta (Kara's - Karuvatta, Karuvatta North, Karuvatta South)
2. Kumarapuram (Kara's - Thamallackal North, Thamallackal South,
Pothappally)
3. Haripad (Kara's - Thulamparambu North, T.P. South, T.P. Centre)
4. Pallippad (Kara's - Naduvattom, Neendoor, Pallippad)
5. Chingoli (Kara's - Nangyarkulangara)
6. Karthkappally (Kara - Vettuveni)

Revenue & Magisterial Jurisdiction

(A) Revenue Jurisdiction
District : Alapuzha
Sub Division : Chengannur
Taluk : Karthkapally
(B) Magisterial Jurisdiction
District Court : Addl. Sessions Court, Mavelikara
Sub Court : Mavelikara
JFM Court I : Haripad
JFM Court I& Munsiff : Haripad

Schools
1. NSS HSS, Karuvatta
2. NSS Girls HS, Karuvatta
3. KKKVM HSS, Ananthapuram
4. Govt. Girls HS, Harippad
5. Govt. Boys HSS, Haripad
6. High School, Naduvattom
7. Amritha Vidyalayam HSS, Haripad
8. SN Central School, Nangyarkulangara
9. Bathany Balikamadom HSS, Nangyarkulangara
10. Mannarasala UPS
11. Technical HS, Kumarapuram, Haripad

College
TKMM College, Nangyarkulangara

Hospitals
1. Taluk Govt. Hospital, Haripad
2. T.B. Clinic, Karuvatta.

Pilgrim Centres
1. Mannarasala Nagaraja Temple
2. Sree Subrahmanyaswamy Temple,Haripad

Railway Station
Railway Station, Haripad

Bus Stand
KSRTC Bus Stand, Haripad
Govt. Offices
1. Magistrate Courts
2. Taluk Office
3. Block Development Office
4. Sub Registrar Offices( Haripad, Cheppad)
5. Post Offices ( Haripad, Nangyarkulangara, Pallippad, Karuvatta and
Kumarauram)
6. Excise Circle Office, Haripad
7. BSNL Office, Haripad
8. Electricity Office
9. KSEB Sub Stations ( Nangyarkulangara, Karuvatta)
10. Govt. Hospital
11. Civil Supply Office.
12. Beverages Corporation outlet
13. Police Circle Office
14. Asst. Labour Office
15. Kerala Water Authority Office
16. Harijan Welfare Office
17. Sub Treasury
18. Co-Operative Inspectors office
19. Sales Tax Office
Panchayath Offices
1. Haripad-Special Grade
2. Karuvatta
3. Pallippad
4. Kumarapuram
Village Offices
1. Kumarapuram
2. Haripad
3. Karuvatta
4. Pallippad

Important Festivals
1. Mannarasala Ayilyam
2. Thyppoyam Kavadiyattom-Haripad Subrahmanya Temple
FUNCTION OF A LOCAL POLICE STATION

A Police Station of a locality or a village is the basic unit that looks after
the Law and order of that area. The Police Station is a symbol of safety and
security. Whenever a crime or unlawful activity takes place the person affected
should dial the telephone number ‘100’. A complaint lodged and Inspector or
S.I comes to scene of the crime as soon as possible. If the crime is serious, then
a FIR is lodged. In case of minor problem a complaint is written. The Police
investigate the matter and present before the court of law.

LAWS APPLICABLE TO POLICE STATION

1. Indian Penal Code 1860
2. Indian Evidence Act 1872
3. Code of Criminal procedure 1973
4. Kerala Police Act

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE

In Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), the offences are divided into two
categories; one Cognizable and the other Non-cognizable. Police is empowered
to register the FIR and investigate only the cognizable offences. Police can
arrest an accused involved in cognizable crime without the warrant from the
Court.

The following are the main functions of a police unit :-

1) To uphold and enforce the law impartially and to protect life,
liberty and property, human rights and dignity of the member of
the public.
2) The promote and preserve public order.
3) To protect internal security to prevent and control terrorist
activities, breaches of communal harmony, militant activity and
other situations affecting internal security.
4) To protect public properties including road, railways, bridges, vital
installation and establishment etc. against acts of vandalism,
violence or any kind of attack.
5) To prevent crimes and reduced the opportunities for the
commission of crimes through their own preventive action
 measures as well as by aiding and co-operation with other relevant
agencies in implementation due measure for presentations of
crimes.

Services to the public available at Police Station:-

1) Protection of life, property and human rights of the people.
2) Maintenance of Law and Order.
3) Regulation of traffic or enforcement of the provisions of MV Act
1988 and MV Rules.
4) Registration and investigation of cognizable offences.
5) Ban does best for festivals, meetings, procession, VIP visits,
disasters and calamities to maintain order.
6) Enquiry of petitions submitted by people.
7) Prevention of crimes by adopting various methods by securing
public co-operations.
8) Enquiry on passport application, arms licenses, explosive licenses
and reporting there on.
9) Execution of court orders. (Summons, Warrant, Notice etc...)
10) Providing copies of FIR and other records except the document
exempted from the purview of Right to Information Act.
11) Providing or arranging medical attention to sick and disable wound
at public places as unattended.

GENERAL TERMS RELATING TO POLICE STATION

1) SHO (Station House Officer)
SHO is an officer of the Police Station has the rank of a Sub
Inspector and below a Deputy Superintendent of Police. He is in charge
of Police Station
2) General Diary (GD) KPF NO: 57 & KP Act Sec. 67
It is document in the Police station which is used to record every
incident happening within the jurisdiction of the police station on a daily
basis. It is to be maintained by head Constable. It is the most acceptable
document by the court. Because it keeps or record incidents tie to time 7
am to 7 am.
3) Case Diary (CD) KPF No: 24A
 Every police Officer making an investigation should maintain a
diary of his investigation. These diaries are called CD. It should contain
the place where he goes, first Information Book No: date and place of
occurrence, offence, record of investigation etc. and a continuation sheet
attached with the CD also.
4) Station Diary Part 1V

It consists of record maintained at the Police Station. It contains the

following set of information’s.
a. A map of jurisdictional areas.
b. A list of absconding warranties.
c. Details of Educational Institutions, Post Offices, Hospitals,
Banks, Temples, Churches, Mosques etc...
5) FIR and Information

An FIR is a very important document as it sets the process of criminal justice

in motion. It is only after the FIR is registered in the police station that the
police take up investigation of the case. Anyone who knows about the
commission of a cognizable offence can file an FIR.

First Information Report (FIR) is a written document prepared by

the police when theyreceive information about the commission of a cognizable
offence. It is a report of information that reaches the police first in point of time
and that is why it is called the First Information Report.
The definition for the First Information Report has been provided in the Code of
Criminal Procedure, 1973 by the virtue of Sec. 154, which lays down that:

“Every information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, if

given orally to an officer in charge of a police station, shall be reduced to
writing by him or under his direction, and be read Over to the informant; and
every such information, whether given in writing or reduced to writing as
aforesaid, shall be signed by the person giving it, and the substance thereof
shall be entered in a book to be kept by such officer in such form as the State
Government may prescribe in this behalf”

6) Charge Sheet
 It usually refers to one or more FIRs, and charges an individual or
organization for (some or all of) the crimes specified in those FIR(s). Once
the charge sheet has been submitted to a court of law, prosecution proceedings
against the accused begin in the judicial system.
7) Domestic enquiry
A domestic inquiry, in the context of human resource management, is a
search for truth, facts, or circumstances concerning charges alleged by the
employer against its employee. It is an inquiry held by the management against
its own employee against whom certain acts of misconduct are alleged.
8) Custody Memo
After arresting the accused a custody memo should sent to his relatives
regarding information of arrest.
9) Inspection Memo
After arresting the person the Police Officer can search the body of the
arrested one. Then wearing apparels, valuables, weapons, injuries etc should
take.
10) Finger Print References
A register of finger print search slip should be maintained in all Police
Stations, in which all finger print slips sent for search & their disposal will be
entered.
11) Inquest Report Police Form
It should contain 27 questions. Questions 22 to 26 apply the Railway
Police.

12) Prisoner’s Search Register KPF 151

Prisoner’s search register contain all his physical characters, valuable
things which founded injuries, address and all details of the arrested persons.
13) General Petty Case Register
It contains nuisance cases etc.

The Police Station is functioning on the basis of CrPC, Kerala Police Act,
All penal laws and all other laws enforced in India.

14) Cognizable offence

Cognizable offence means a police officer has the authority to make an
arrest without a warrant and to start an investigation with or without the
permission of a court.
15) Compoundable offences.
 Criminal offences can also be classified as compoundable and non-
compoundableoffences.
Compoundable offences are those offences where, the complainant (one
who has filed the case, i.e. the victim), enter into a compromise, and agrees to
have the charges dropped against the accused.
16) Bailable offence
When any person accused for a Bailable offence is arrested
ordetained without warrant by an officer in charge of a police station, or appears
or is brought before a Court, and is prepared at any time while in the custody of
such officer or at any stage of the proceeding before such Court to give bail,
such person shall be released on bail.
In case of a Bailable offence bail is a matter of right. If such officer or
Court, thinks it fit such person maybe released on a personal bond without
sureties.
17) Warrant case
Section 2(x) Cr.P.C. defines warrant case as : ” 'Warrant case' means
a case relating to an offence punishable with death, imprisonment for life or
imprisonment for a term exceeding two years.”
18) Summons case
A case in which the offense is a minor one for which a police officer may
without arrest notify a person to appear in court at a fixed time and place.

19) Summons from the Police

Both an appearance notice and a summons are official notices telling a
person that they have to appear in court at a specific time and place to answer
(or respond to) a criminal charge. Usually, a police officer gives you an
appearance notice. ... And you could be charged with failing to appear.
20) General Diary
GD or General Diary, which is used as register to record 24 hours
incidents that are happening or likely to happen, within the jurisdiction of the
police station on a daily basis and if any incident has taken place or likely to
take place then any person can file an application for GD entry.
21) Arrest
An arrest is the act of depriving people of their liberty, usually in relation
to an investigation or prevention of a crime, and thus detaining the arrested
person in a procedure as part of the criminal justice system.

Police and various other bodies have powers of arrest, any person can
arrest "anyone whom he has reasonable grounds for suspecting to be
committing, have committed or be guilty of committing an indictable offence,"
although certain conditions must be met before taking such action

22) CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

Criminal investigation is an applied science that involves the study of facts,
used to identify, locate and prove the guilt of an accused criminal. A
complete criminal investigation can include searching, interviews,
interrogations, evidence collection and preservation and various methods
of investigation.
23) Police investigation
Applied to the criminal realm, a criminal investigation refers to the process
of collecting information (or evidence) about a crime in order to:

(1) Determine if a crime has been committed;

(2) Identify the perpetrator;
(3) Apprehend the perpetrator; and
(4) Provide evidence to support a conviction in court.

24) Bond with Police

A Police Bond /bail is a promise in writing by an accused person or
surety to pay an amount fixed by a court or Police officer should the accused
named in the document fail to appear at court or scheduled date.

25)Can Police grant Bail?

In the case of Bailable offences, if the accused produces proper surety,

and fulfils other conditions, it is binding upon the Investigating officer to grant
bail. However, in case of a Non-Bailable offence, the police cannot grant bail;
it can only be granted by a Judicial Magistrate/Judge.

CONCLUSION
The duty of the Police is to help a secure, safe and just society in which
the right and responsibilities of individual, families and communities are
properly balanced. Museum Police Station has the primary responsibilities of
law enforced and investigation within the limits of Thiruvananthapuram. It
provide me an opportunity to study and examine the structure, function and
behaviour of museum Police Station
 KARTHIKAPPALLY
GRAMA PANCHAYAT
 INTRODUCTION

Kerala, is a state in the southernmost part of India.

Kerala, with appreciative development indicators comparable to developed
countries, has been experimenting with decentralization and participatory local
democracy, ultimately aimed at realization of the constitutional goal of
establishing genuine "institutions of local self-government" since the enactment
of Kerala Panchayath Raj Act &The Kerala Municipality Act in the year 1994.

The acts laid the provision of a three tier system of Panchayath for the first time
in the village, block and district level in the rural areas and one tier system of
urban local government such as Municipality in the less urbanized areas or
Municipal Corporation in the more urbanized areas. Local governments were
vested with the powers and responsibilities of economic development and social
justice in their respective areas.Panchayath and the Municipalities altogether
constitute the Local Government System of Kerala state in the Indian federal
system
REPORT

The internship started by explanation by Panchayath secretary about

the working of Panchayath office under Kerala Panchayath Raj Act. He
explained the function Local Self Government. Some of points that I noted it
down area.

a. Representative Functions:
The Sarpanch, Members and Gram Sevak represent the voice and opinion
of the village people on behalf of the Gram Panchayath to the Taluk and Zilla
level by attending the meetings or sending the official records.

b. Regulatory and Administrative Functions:

1. This institute solving the disputes of village people as individual or groups.

2. They control the behavior of people of people. Collect their opinion about
various programs.
3. Gram Panchayath implements the official programme given by the
authorities.
4. Conduct regular meetings and keeps records for various departments.
5. The measures are enforced for the desired safety and sanitation of the village
people.

c. Service or Development Functions:

1.Collection of taxes like house etc.

2. Promotion of educational, health, agriculture and communication facilities.
3. Providing health and drinking water facilities whenever the village people
need.
4. Produce authentic documents regarding birth, death or property details of
village people.
5. Looks after general welfare and immediate development of village e.g. road,
fight, bazaar, community facilities etc.

After the explanation sir told me to legal research on the Kerala Panchayath Raj
Act, 1994. He had given certain question. I have find the legal provision from
theAct. Questions were from the powers of the Panchayath secretary, land lax,
electoral offence are some of the area covered.

While interning in the Karthikappally Grama Panchayath, I got a chance to

attend a grama Sabha, where almost all the villagers came there and became the
part of Grama Sabha.

I also got the chance to attend many land surveys conducted by the Panchayath
office. Now I have the clear cut idea about the Panchayath and its jurisdiction.

I also got the chance to attend an Adalat where the Panchayath was party of the
case.

Another Task given for me is to find the legality of Right to information

applications received. The Panchayath office usually receives a number of RTI
application questioning the various projects and fund distribution.
Day 1:

Visited Panchayath secretary Shri Cindu Balakrishnan’s office. He gave a brief

idea of the Panchayath raj system and powers and functions and also the
services of the Grama Panchayath.

Day 2:

As per the instruction of Cindu Balakrishnan visited the offices of the President
Shri K Damodharan. He briefed the powers and duties of office bearers and
representatives (Panchayath members) and also gave an idea of the
representatives from each ward.

Day 3:

Visited D&O License section. LD clerk Smt. Anusree was in charge. She
described the procedure of licensing of construction works. She showed me the
application forms and requirements for license.

Day 4:

To study the functioning of permit and Numbering section Venugopal sir

instructed me to spend my 4th day with the permit and Numbering section.
Lower division clerk Smt. Anitha was in charge. She described the procedure
and functioning of the section.

Day 5:

I was assigned to study the Death, Birth and Marriage certificate section. LD
Clerk Smt. Devi was in charge. She was cooperative and showed me models of
these certificates and procedure of applying, filing and granting of death, birth
and marriage Certificate.
Day 6:

Visited plan section. UD Clerk Dasan was in charge. She elaborated the
functioning of the section. And she also said it is one of the main responsible
sections and informed me that in the previous year the Karthikappally Grama
Panchayath achieved 100% expenditure in plan implementation.

Day 7:

Today the complaint section was my assignment. LD Clerk Shri. Rajeendran

was in charge of the section. He showed me some solved complaints and briefed
me the different complaints and how they solve those complaints.

Day 8:

As per the instruction of secretary I visited one of the annexure establishment of

Panchayath KrishiBhavan(Agriculture department), Smt. Aneesa Beevi was the
Agricultural officer.

Day 9:

Visited Government veterinary hospital at Karthikappally Primary Health centre

at V, Homeo Dispensary at Pulikeezh, and Ayurvedic Dispensary at
Valiyakulangara and studied the functioning of these health centres.

Heads

Veterinary Hospital - Dr. Keerthi

PHC -Dr. Ravichandran

Homeo Dispensary -Dr. Harikumar

Ayurvedic Dispensary -Dr. Sreelatha

Day 10:
I was instructed to study the ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme)
programme and as the part of the study visited 3 Anganavadis at Vettuveni and
Muttam and Vettuveni.

Day 11:

Visited the CDS(Community Development Society) office and met the CDS
Chairperson Smt. Jayakumar. She briefed the functioning of the CDS and their
duties and powers and also informed me to attend the meeting of CDS on
15/4/2018.

Day 12:

Visited AEO(Asst. Education Officer)office and met AEO Smt. LeelaRavindran

and explained the functioning of AEO office .

Day 13:

Visited Grama Kendras of Vettuveni and Mahadevikadu wards. Grama Kendra

means office of the ward members where the people meet the ward member for
various needs.

Day 14:

Today Cindu madam instructed me to visit the offices of standing committee

chairman/chairperson. Firstly I visited Mrs. Pavizhavalli K(Chairperson-
Development standing committee). She described the various developmental
activities conducted by the Panchayath including eco-tourism project and
Karthikappally Grama Panchayath shopping complex etc.

Secondly I, met Mr. R Manoharan(Chairman-welfare standing committee).

He told me about the welfare schemes including the welfare pension. He told
me that there is 4500 pension beneficiaries all over the Panchayath.
Day 15:

Today at 3.30 pm I attended the Grama Sabha of ward number 3 Thottukadavu.

President S M Iqbal presided over the meeting. I could understand that various
plans are need approval of Grama Sabha and it also selects the beneficiaries of
different projects of Panchayath.
 CONCLUSION

Interning in a Panchayath office is a quiet different experience. I had studied

the working Local Self Government well during the course of internship. Now I
know how well Kerala Panchayath Raj Act deals in our day to day life. I had
studied all Acts, Rules that govern that helps in governing Local Self
Government otherwise cannot be studied from anywhere else. I know this
internship will surely help in my career.
KERALA ADMINISTRATIVE

REFORMS COMMISSION
INTRODUCTION

Administrative reform was a necessity in India when the country was making efforts to
change the colonial system of governance after independence.One of the earliest decisions of
Independent India as a part of Administrative reforms was socio-economic planning aimed at
the country’s development. The licence raj system that prevailed in the Indian economy
seems to have forged an unholy partnership between the bureaucrats and the political masters.
This type of domination led to the erosion of the real essence of the contradiction between the
constitution and public administration (Chattopadhay& Bagel, 2009). The aim of the
administrative committee is to review the working of the administrative machinery and the
systems , procedures and precedents under which it functioned with a view to assessing their
adequacy for a democratic government in a welfare state(Dubashi,1985). Administrative
reforms were suggested by a committee appointed by the Planning Commission and chaired
by A.D. Gorwala, a retired ICS officer, and Paul H. Appleby, an American expert of public
administration. Gorwala submitted two reports: Report on Public Administration (1951) and
Report on the Efficient Conduct of State Enterprise (1951). So did Appleby: Public
Administration in India Report of a Survey (1953) and Re-Examination of India’s
Administrative System with Special Reference to Administration of Government’s Industrial
and Commercial Enterprises (1956). The Gorwala committee report had taken the Nehruvian
context of a “mixed” economy with a dominant state sector and a coexisting private sector.
The Appleby reports were focused on general public administration. Just two of the twelve
recommendations of the Appleby reports were immediately implemented, namely the setting
up of Indian Institute of Public Administration in New Delhi, the creation of Organization &
Method (O & M) divisions at various levels of governments (Dubashi,1985:10; Jain, 2004).
In 1964 the O &M division was merged with the Department of Administrative reforms in
the cabinet secretariat functioning directly under the Prime Minister. With the
recommendation of the first Administrative 74 Reforms Committee in 1966, Department of
Personnel was constituted in 1970 and this was later merged with the existing Department of
Administrative reforms to form the Department of Personnel and Administrative reforms
(Dubashi,1985:10). In 1964 the Department of Administrative Reforms was established in the
Home Ministry. The Planning Commission was set up in March 1950 by the Government of
India with the Prime Minister as its chair. The National Development Council consisting of
the Prime Minister as the Chair and comprising the executive heads of all state and union
territory governments was also formed in August 1952 “to strengthen and mobilize the effort
and resources of the nation in support of the five -year plans, to promote common economic
policies in all vital spheres and to ensure the balanced and rapid development of all parts of
the country”(quoted in Saxena, 2006:252). The Bureau of Public Enterprises was established
in the Ministry of Finance, which became the Department of Public Enterprises in 1985. The
report of V.T Krishnamachari in 1962 recommended the expansion of the I.A.S cadre to meet
the needs of economic and social development. The Santhanam committee Report in 1964 on
prevention of corruption recommended the setting up of Central Vigilance Commission. It
also recommended a code of conduct for ministers on par with the Chief Ministers of all
states. The last years of Nehru witnessed considerable administrative laxity, which prompted
the first major review of the administrative apparatus by the first Administrative Reforms
Commission (ARC) set up in January 1966 with Morarji Desai as its chair and five members.
After joining the Government as the Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister in 1967, K.
Hanumanthaiya, was appointed the new chairman. Its report running into 20 volumes made
over 500 recommendations. The single most important report submitted by the ARC was on
personnel. All the recommendations in the area of ‘training’ were accepted by the
government. The administrative reform was also a main agenda in the different Five Year
plans of India. Due attention was given to securing integrity, methods for preventing
corruption, promoting efficiency, economy, public co-operation, adopting innovative
approaches to planning and development, better management of industrial enterprises, need
for financial control, continuous monitoring and evaluation, periodic training, vigilance and
75 augmenting skills in data collection and statistics, needs for specifying tasks and
responsibility for better implementation of plans and programs, better reporting and
accounting management, and improved information system(Maheswari,2004). The ARC-I
recommended a sixteen-member cabinet, including the Prime Minister, and a three-tier
council of ministers, no larger than forty-five and the scrapping of parliamentary secretaries.
For ensuring greater coordination the ARC had suggested that the Prime Minister should stay
away from holding charge of any ministry other than the department of personnel. The
existing secretariat system of work in ministries was considered useful. But the commission
thought that the central secretariat had become overstaffed and unwieldy with no clear-cut
responsibilities and trivial concerns and had often intruded into jurisdictions constitutionally
assigned to state governments (Maheswari, 2004). Further, the commission recommended
that each ministry should have three sections - for planning and policy, for finance, and for
personnel. The commission felt that the clerk-oriented system needed to be reformed into an
officer-oriented one, involving only two levels of consideration and decision below the level
of the minister(Maheswari, 2002). The Commission’s recommendations regarding the state
secretariat and executive agencies were more or less similar to those made at the union level.
In the opinion of the commission, the Board of revenue at the state level could be abolished
and its appellate functions could be transferred to a revenue tribunal comprising a judicial
officer of the status of a judge of the High Court and a senior revenue officer. The
commission recommended that the District collectors should focus on efficient performance
of only the regulatory functions, e.g. law and order, collection of land revenue and other
taxes, land records and civil supply. The judicial and developmental functions currently being
performed by them should be entrusted to other bodies. The Commission recommended that
the Planning Commission should remain an autonomous expert advisory body rather than
take on executive functions. The seven-member Planning Commission of experts should have
the autonomy to formulate the plans, which will any way be subject to final approval and
review of the Union Cabinet and the National Development 76 Council. The commission also
recommended the formation of state planning boards for formulating and evaluating five-year
plans in the states. For the redressal of citizens’ grievances, the commission recommended
creation of the institution of Ombudsman. On these lines a two-tier machinery of the Lokpal
and Lokayukta was suggested to supplement the process of parliamentary control, free from
partisanship and outside the administrative hierarchy. Complaints against ministers and
secretaries at the centre as well as in states could be made to the Lokpal. Lokayuktas, one for
the centre and one for each state, will handle complaints against the rest of the bureaucracy.
Having the same status as the Chief Justice of India, the Lokpal should be appointed by the
President of India on the advice of the Prime Minister in consultation with the Chief Justice
of India and the leader of the opposition in the LokSabha. The decade of the 1980s had
witnessed the gradual shift of political power from the Indian National Congress to the non-
Congress parties at the state level. The discourse on administrative reforms during this period
reflects responses to greater assertion of states and the onset of globalization. During the rule
of Rajiv Gandhi, the Government relied heavily on in-service training to strengthen the
administrative capabilities of its public functionaries. The period was also characterized by
the appointment of the “L.K. Jha Economic Reforms Commission”, which recommended a
shift in emphasis from from regulation to development. The 73rd and 74th amendments made
the local bodies as the third stratum of the governance system, making almost uniform
introduction of the three-tier system of local government throughout the country. Since then
every administrative reform undertaken at the central and state level had been making
references to the efficient working of the local bodies particularly in the area of service
delivery. Given the fact that local bodies are the implementing mechanisms of several central
programmes, the extent to which such programmes can succeed became contingent upon the
robustness and good practices of these local bodies. Since then two important reports have
been submitted to the central government namely, the Report of the National Commission to
Review the Working of the Constitution with Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah as the Chairman
and Reports of the 2nd Administrative Reforms Commission – headed by M. VeerappaMoily.

The six-member Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC-II) headed by VeerappaMoily

was appointed in 2005 to “suggest measures to achieve a proactive, responsive, accountable,
sustainable and efficient administration for the country at all levels of the government.” It
submitted its reports ( 15 vols.) in 2009.

REFORMS COMMISSION IN KERALA

Many states also constituted Administrative Reforms Committees on their own. In the state of
Kerala, there were altogether three administrative committees till date. The Kerala
administrative reforms commission report 1958 was one of the first such reports coming from
the states. The report of the first ARC laid the basis of the Kerala Panchayat Bill (1958) and
Kerala District Council Bill of 1959. The latter accepted the perspective of a strong district
level self-governing body that had to be developed in a phased manner, as was recommended
by ARC. Decentralisation particularly the creation of a twotiered system of District and Gram
Panchayats was envisaged in the report as a priority area. The committee sought to review the
working of the administrative machinery with a view to establishing a democratic
government in a welfare state. The main suggestion of the committee was improving the
administrative machinery to enable it to cope with development activities, promote better co-
ordination, facilitate expeditious dispatch of government work, enhance the democratization
of the organs of the government to promote effective participation of local self-governing
institutions. Towards this end, it called for the constitution of village panchayats, with
sufficient administrative and financial resources, to plan and implement schemes and, to
control the staff assigned to them from various departments. At the village level, the revenue
staff were to be integrated with the panchayats, a bold suggestion that has not been carried
out anywhere in India. The report also sought to combine revenue and development functions
at the taluk level under the Tahasildar and proposed the constitution of a Taluk Council
consisting of representatives from the Panchayats and Municipalities with a non-official
Chairman to render advice and organize proper co-ordination. 83 Further, the report proposed
to set up a non-official Council at the District level with some autonomous area of
functioning besides having the function of co-ordination of the Panchayat and Taluk
Councils. Other suggestions included greater delegation of powers to heads of department
and their subordinates, with freedom to exercise the delegated powers for improved
management. O & M units were to be set up in the major departments. With decentralization
it was hoped that the secretariat would have reduced strength and it could be regrouped into
nine departments. In the services, economic backwardness was to be a condition for
reservation of jobs. At the intermediate level, direct recruitment was envisaged, but at lower
levels seniority was made the criterion of promotion. However, promotions at higher levels
were to be based on merit. Incentive award system with provisions for stringent anti-
corruption measures was also envisaged. Emphasis was laid on controlling government
expenditure with recruitment of new staff to be done after careful scrutiny. Proper
arrangements were to be made for visitors to meet the officers. However, the bills were not
enacted, as the legislative assembly was dissolved consequent upon a violent anti-communist
‘liberation struggle’. This lapse however exerted a decisive influence on the future of local
governance in Kerala. The new government that came into power through the mid-term
election largely ignored most of the recommendations of ARC. But they enacted the Kerala
Panchayat Act. 1960 and Kerala Municipal Corporation Act 1961. The second administrative
reforms committee recommended the synchronization of GramaPanchayats with the revenue
village, and TalukPanchayat to be co-terminus with reorganisedtaluk, which will be smaller
than an existing taluk, but larger than block. The directorate of municipalities and the
directorate of panchayats were to be abolished and the District Collector was to be given the
powers of the Director. Funds to Panchayats were to be given based on a formula with
reduction in allocation if there is a shortfall in the realisation of panchayat’s own revenues.
Unlike the first Administrative Reforms Committee, the TalukPanchayats were to be given
developmental functions and the District Panchayats were to have only advisory role. Also,
bringing of village office under the panchayat was not contemplated. Similarly, the
committee was wary 84 of entrusting agency functions in respect of health and education to
the local bodies. On the whole the report actually sought to strengthen the position of the
District Collector and also proposed the merger and reorganization of a number of
departments through mergers and creation of new ones. Like the first committee the second
committee also favoured direct recruitment at the middle level , but fixed the proportion of
direct recruitment at 40%. The Committee also recommended the creation of a Kerala
Administrative Service, creation of staff councils in all departments, reduction in the strength
of peons and clerks and refixing of the ratio of supervisory officers vis a vis clerks in
different offices. Finally, the committee felt that the efficiency of a department should not be
judged by the quantum of money spent, but by the output measured in relation to inputs. The
Vellodi committee in 1965 also made several recommendations such as setting up of training
institute of civil servants, setting up of a personnel department for manpower training and
career development for all state personnel in association with the State Public Service
Commission (SPSC), developing personnel for higher posts and doing research in personnel
administration (Maheswari,1981). The third reforms committee of Kerala State headed by
E.K.Nayanar has particular relevance in the present context of New Public Management as
well the Modernization Government Program (MGP) implemented in the state. One also
needs to understand the context in which the third ARC was set up in 1997 to come up with
recommendations for the improvement of the quality of public service delivery, work
discipline and service ethos of public servants. The constitution of the ARC synchronized
with the people’s plan campaign going on in Kerala at that period. It was unprecedented in its
scale and in one go the state sought to come to the forefront of decentralization initiatives in
the country by making the 9th plan of the state a people’s plan by demystifying the planning
process. Along with it the government also appointed another committee to suggest
amendments to the existing Panchayat Raj legislation to make it friendly to participatory
planning as well as infused with good governance elements such as right to information,
ombudsman and so on. Decentralisation had created new avenues of governance by late
1990s and the ARC had the vision 85 that a lot of development functions and sizeable staff
can be redeployed to the local bodies, and thereby a natural downsizing of state bureaucracy
could be effected. The ARC with its vision of people centered governance submitted 15
reports with a wide range of subjects including citizen’s charter, transparency and right to
information, financial reforms, general governance reforms, personnel reforms and better
service delivery. The ARC was entrusted with the responsibility to suggest measures to
eliminate delays, lethargy, corruption and nepotism in the administration. Along with people-
centered governance, the ARC recommended greater professionalism for efficient
administration through content training and scientific methods of performance assessment.
The reports came out of the state’s own past experience in governance and the depth and
coverage of issues were much more than those contained in the ADB sponsored Modernising
Government Prgramme(MGP).
The Fourth Kerala Administrative Reforms Commission

The 4th Administrative Reforms Commission(ARC) has been set up by the government in
2016 with former Chief Minister Shri.V.S.Achuthanandan,MLA as its Chairman.Based on
the Terms of Reference,Commission has grouped governance issues into seven themes.

1.Citizen First Services

2.Environment&Sustainable Development

3.Reaching the Unreached

4.Planning& Finance

5.Result Oriented & Effective Governance

6.Infrastrucure-Optimum Usage & Conservation

7.Towards More Accountable Bureaucracy

Objectives

1. Designing, developing and implementation of training programmes for

capacity building of civil servants

2. Promoting administrative reforms in Government Structures, procedures and

processes for citizen centric governance

3. Promoting Modern Management practices and reforms through e-governance

4. Strengthening of State training Institutions

5. Promoting quality, efficiency, accountability and ethics in governance

6. Documentation and dissemination of knowledge and best practices of public

administration

7. Implementation of provisions of Right to Information Act, 2005

Functions

1. Creation, amalgamation and re-organization of departments and sub-ordinate

offices
2. Allotment of subjects to the Departments

3. Change Management and Government process re-engineering

4. Formulation of policies and programmes for training and capacity building

5. Formulation of policies for the implementation of recommendations of

Administrative Reforms Commissions

6. Administration of the Assam Rules of Executive Business

7. Matter related to the Assam Right to Public Service Act, 2012

8. Act as nodal department for Administrative Reforms in the State

9. Promoting administrative reforms in Government Structures, procedures and

processes for citizen centric governance

10. Promoting Modern Management practices and reforms through e-governance

11. Strengthening of State training Institutions

12. Promoting quality, efficiency, accountability and ethics in governance

13. Documentation and dissemination of knowledge and best practices of public

administration

14. Implementation of provisions of Right to Information Act, 2005

 Conclusion
Kerala caught attention of the world through its endeavours in the field of social
justice,economicequality,citizen centered services and higher development index at relatively
lower per capita income.Theselaundable achievements have started showing signs of
decelaration in the context of current and emerging socio-economic challenges and various
factors,including major governance issues ,inhibiting effective response to these
challenges.Since the formation of the State of Kerala in 1956,Government had set up three
Administrative Reform Committees,at various intervals,to suggest reform measures for
maintaining robustness of public service and accelerate State’s development.1st
Administrative Reforms Committee was constituted in 1957 under the chairmanship of late
Shri.EMSNamboothiripad,then Chief Minister,2nd in 1965 under late Shri.M.K.Vellodi ICS
and 3rd Commiittee in 1997 under the chairmanship of then Chief Minister late
Shri.E.K.Nayanar.Administration is a dynamic process and has to evolve and respond to
changes.Though successive Governments have been addressing issuesraised by the
administrative Reforms Committees,in view of the ever changing demands on the governance
and the constant endeavour of taking governance closer to people,the 4th Administrative
Reforms Commission(ARC) has been set up by the government in 2016 with former Chief
Minister Shri.V.S.Achuthanandan,MLA as its Chairman.The 4th ARC is mandated to review
the structure and functioning of the administrative machinery of the state and suggest
measures for improving its responsiveness,efficiency and effectiveness as is required in a
welfare state ,assess the capacity building system in government and suggest measures to
make it more effective.