Psychosocial Developmental Phases of Adolescence

• Early Adolescence - those aged 10-13 years old

- characterized by emerging physical changes
brought by the onset of puberty stage. There is
a struggle of self – identity.
STI WEST NEGROS UNIVERSITY
Senior High School • Middle Adolescence - those aged 14-16 years
Core1012 (Personal Development) old
- characterized by self-improvement, and the
Adolescence Stages
clash between high expectations for self and
Definition of Adolescence poor self – concept; a time where adolescents
put effort to make new friends.
• It is the progression from the appearance of the
secondary sex characteristics to sexual and • Late Adolescence - those aged 17-19 years old
reproductive maturity, the development of - characterized by a higher level of concern for
the future and thoughts about one’s role in life.
• mental processes and adult identity, and the
transitions from total socio-economic Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Process
dependence to relative independence
Adolescents are motivated to understand their world
• Physical growth is accompanied in sexual
maturation, often leading to intimate because doing so is biologically adaptive and can
relationships (WHO, 2009) actively construct their own cognitive worlds.

Definition of Puberty Adolescents also organize their experiences by

separating important ideas from less important ones
• A defined period of time during which and connecting one idea to another.
adolescents experience biological changes
Adolescents also adapt their own thinking to include
• A period of time that involves a predictable
sequence of hormonal and physical changes, new ideas since the additional information furthers
including both sexual maturation and physical their understanding.
growth
Schemas – is a mental concept framework hat is useful
• Rapid Physical Maturation in organizing and interpreting information thru two
processes, the Assimilation (Self- process) and the
Hormones
A powerful chemical substance secreted by the Accommodation (Helping hand process).
endocrine glands.
Another of process of Piaget is the Equilibration
Androgens – Male Sex hormones (Equilibrium), it is a shift in thought from one state to
Estrogens – Female Sex hormones another.
Testosterone – is an androgen that plays an important Self – Esteem and Self – Concept
role in male pubertal development, it is associated with
the of physical changes in boys (External Genitals, Self – Esteem – Self – Image or Self – Worth, it is a
Height, Voice Changes). global evaluative dimension of the self.
Estradiol – is an estrogen that plays an important role in
Self-Concept – refers to domain-specific evaluations of
female pubertal development (Breast enlargement,
uterine development, and skeletal changes). the self. Adolescence make self-evaluation on many
domains such as Academic, Athletic, Physical etc.
 Stages of Development
Age Early Middle Late
Age Early Middle Late
(Years) Adolescence Adolescence Adolescence
(Years) Adolescence Adolescence Adolescence

Growth Secondary Secondary sexual Physically Peer Seeks Needs Peer group
Group affiliation to identification recedes in
sexual characteristics mature
counter to affirm self- favor of
characteristics advance
instability image individual
appear
Growth slows friendships
Peer group
down
defines
Growth approximately
behavioral
accelerates 95% of adult
code
and reaches a stature attained
peak Self- Preoccupation Forms stable
Sexuality
exploration with romantic relationships
and fantasy
evaluation Mutuality and
Testing ability reciprocity
Age Early Middle Late to attract
opposite sex Plans for
(Years) Adolescence Adolescence Adolescence
future
Cognition Concrete Thinking more Established
thinking abstract; abstract
capable of thinking
Existential long-range
orientation thinking Future
oriented The Challenges in Middle and Late Adolescence
Long-range Reverts to
implications of concrete Perceives a
actions long-range
Developmental Tasks for Emerging Adults
thinking when
stressed options
• Shifts in relationship with parents from
dependency and subordination to one that
reflects the adolescents’ increasing maturity
and responsibilities in the family and the
Age Early Middle Late community
(Years) Adolescence Adolescence Adolescenc
e • The exploration of new role

Psychologic Preoccupied Reestablishe Intellectual • The experience of intimate partnerships

al with : s body and
(Family) image functional • Identify formation at both the social and
Rapid identity personal levels
physical Preoccupati established
growth on with Transpositi • Planning one’s future and taking the necessary
fantasy and on of child- steps to pursue those plans
Body image idealism parent
relationship • Acquiring the range of skills and values needed
Disrupted Sense of to adult- to make a successful transition into adulthood
change omnipotence adult
relationship • The management of different demanding roles
Defining Conflicts s
boundaries of over control • Identifying personal strengths and weaknesses
independenc and refining skills to coordinate and succeed in
e/ these roles
dependence
 • Finding meaning and purpose in the roles  Traumatic Stress - this kind of stress occurs
acquired after the individual experienced/witnessed an
accident or any tragic incident
• Assessing and making necessary life changes  Acute Stress Disorder - occurs during the first
and coping with these changes month after the individual experienced a
traumatic event.
Definition of Stress
 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder - advance stage
• A condition wherein internal bodily status of acute stress disorder.
(homeostasis) is disrupted by a number of
possible factors Stress and Illness
• Stress could be dangerous for it brings  Psychosomatic illness - a condition where the
anatomical, psychological, physical and individual is really sick but the physicians failed
emotional reactions to find the cause of such abnormal occurrence
• A response to something challenging in the  Malingering - a condition wherein the
environment individual tends to claim that he has an illness
to avoid doing consequences, to solicit money
Theories on the Nature of Stress (Walter Cannon) and etc.
Fight-or-Flight Theory - when we sense a threat  Factitious disorder - a situation where the
towards us, our body will automatically decide whether individual fakes the illness to solicit attention
we fight until death or escape desperately from
death/defeat. Types of Cancer
The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - this involves • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children
three stages: (Hans Selye) - a type of cancer of the blood and bone
marrow – the spongy tissue inside bones where
Hans Selye (1907 – 1982) – Founder of Stress Theory blood cells are made.
The Relationship between stress and disease is now well
established, but was not always recognized. • Bone Cancer – can begin in any bone in the
body, but it most commonly affects the pelvis
 Alarm Stage – A distress signal is sent to a part or the long bones in the arms and legs.
of the brain called the hypothalamus. The Signs and Symptoms:
hypothalamus enables the release of hormones - Bone Pain
called glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoids trigger - Swelling and tenderness near the affected
the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which is a area.
stress hormone. The adrenaline gives a person a - Weakened bone, leading to fracture
boost of energy. Their heart rate increases and - Fatigue
their blood pressure rises. Meanwhile blood - Unintended weight loss
sugar levels also go up.
• Cancer of Unknown Primary Origin – a
 Resistance Stage – The body tries to counteract diagnosis given when Doctors aren’t able to
the physiological changes that happened during locate where a cancer began.
the alarm reaction stage.
• Head and Neck Cancer – is a group of cancers
 Exhaustion Stage- the body goes into the final that starts in the mouth, nose, throat, larynx,
stage of GAS, the body has depleted its energy sinuses, or salivary glands. Symptoms for head
resources by continually trying but failing to and neck cancer may include a lump or sore
recover from the initial alarm reaction stage. that does not heal, a sore throat that does not
Stress and Illness go away, trouble swallowing, or a change in the
voice.
 Burnout Syndrome - a syndrome that depresses
mental and physical functioning and is usually
the result of chronic work-related stress.
 • Inflammatory Breast Cancer – is a rare and very
aggressive disease in which cancer cells block
lymph vessels in the skin of the breast.

• Merkel Cell Carcinoma – is a rare type of skin

cancer that usually appears as a flesh-colored or
bluish – red nodule, often on your face, head or
neck.

• Mesothelioma – is a tumor of that tissue. It

usually starts in the lungs, but can also start in
the abdomen or other organs. It is rare but
serious type of cancer. Most people who get it
have worked on jobs where they inhaled
asbestos particles.

Stress-Coping Strategies

• Learn how to manage the stress

• Relax

• Get a good night’s sleep

• Avoid over scheduling

• Be realistic

• Treat your body well

• Have a positive outlook