PRESSURE VESSEL – Material Selection Guidelines 2014

1. MATERIAL SELECTION

The primary objective in material selection is to prevent failure resulting from

environment, normal operation, and upset conditions. The material selection shall be
based on Process conditions/Process Datasheet.

The secondary objective is to provide adequate protection against the gradual material
loss by corrosion, to achieve the targeted design life. Equipment normal operating
conditions shall be used for selecting the appropriate metallurgy for a targeted design
life. Therefore, the selected material for a given service, as listed below, shall satisfy
both the objectives of metallurgical stability and design life.

Following services to be considered:

 Lethal
 Fatigue (cyclic)
 Toxic
 Explosive
 High temperature H2 attack
 High temperature H2 / H2S corrosion
 High temperature sulphide corrosion in H2 free environment
 Naphthenic acid corrosion
 Wet H2S corrosion
 Sulphide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC).
 Hydrogen blistering, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC), stress oriented hydrogen
induced cracking (SOHIC).
 H2S service or sour service
 Amine stress corrosion cracking
 Ammonium bi-sulphide corrosion
 Polythionic acid attack
 Chloride attack
 Caustic soda
 Alkaline Stress Corrosion Cracking (ASCC)
 Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (Chloride SCC)

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 PRESSURE VESSEL – Material Selection Guidelines 2014

The following table gives general guidelines for material selection for various Pressure
Parts/Non Pressure Parts of the equipment based on design temperature wherever
material of construction is not specified by the process licensor.
PRESSURE PARTS NON PRESSURE PARTS

DESIGN PLATE PIPE TUBES, FORGING BOLTS/ STRUCTURAL INTERNAL STUDS TIE RODS
TEMP.C SPACERS (SEE NOTE STUDS/ ATTACHMENT PIPES BOLTS
(SEE NOTE- 12) NUTS WELDED TO NUTS
11) EXTERNAL PRESSURE INTERNAL
(SEE NOTE PARTS, BAFFELS,
8) SUPPORTS, TIE
RODS , SEALING,
SLIDING STRIPS
ETC.
CRYOGENIC

COLDER SA 240 SA 312 SA 213 SA 182,GR F SA 320

THAN (-) 196 GR.304L,304, TYPE 304 TYPE 304 304,304L,316 GR B8,8C,8T
UPTO (-) 254 316,316L 304L,316, 304L,316, 347,316L STRAIN
347 (IMPACT 316L,347 316L,347 HARDENED
TESTED)
SS GRADE
COLDER SA 240 SA 312 SA 213 SA 182,GR F SAME AS PRESSURE PARTS SAME AS
THAN (-) 80 GR.304L,304, TYPE 304 TYPE 304 304,F304L, SA 194 GR.S, TUBES
UPTO (-) 196 316,316L 304L,316, 304L,316, F316L,316 8C,8T
321,347 316L,321, 316L,321, 321,347,
347 347

SA 353/553 SA 333 GR.8 SA 334 SA 522

GR.A GR.8
L O W T EM P E R A T U R E

COLDER SA 203 GR E SA 333 GR.3 SA 334 GR.3 SA 350 SA 320 L7 SA 203 GR E SA 333 GR.3 SA 193GR.B8 CS KILLED
THAN (-) 60 IMPACT GR.LF3 SA 194 GR.4
UPTO (-) 80 TESTED (SEE OR GR 7 SA 194 GR.8
NOTE-1)

COLDER SA 537 CL.1 SA 333 GR.3 SA 334 GR.3 SA 350 SA 320 L7 SA 537 CL.I SA 333 GR.3 SA 193GR.B8 CS KILLED
THAN (-)45 IMPACT GR.LF3 SA 194 GR.4
UPTO (-) 60 TESTED (SEE OR GR 7 SA 194 GR.8
NOTE-1)

COLDER SA 516 (ALL SA 333 GR.6 SA 334 GR.6 SA 350 SA 320 GRL7 SA-516 (IN ALL SA 333 GR.6 SA 193GR.B8 CS KILLED
THAN (-) 29 GRADES) OR GR I OR GR I GR LF2 SA 194 GR.4 GRADES)
UPTO (-) 45 IMPACT OR GR 7 SA 194 GR.8
TESTED (SEE
NOTE-I)

0 (ZERO) OR SA 516 (ALL SA 106 GR.B SA 334 GR.6 SA 105/ SA-193 GR B7 SA-516 (IN ALL SA 106 GR.B SA-193GR.B8 CS KILLED
COLDER GRADES) (SEE NOTE OR 1 SA 266 SA-194 GR 2H GRADES)
UPTO (-) 29 (SEE 3) (SEE NOTE (SEE NOTE 3) SA-194 GR.8
NOTE-3) 3)
INTERMEDIATE TEMPERATURE

ABOVE 0 SA 516 (ALL SA 106 GR.B SA 179 SA-105 SA-193 B7 IS-2062 SA 106 GR.B SA-193 GR.B8 IS- 2062
UPTO 427 GRADES) SA-266 SA-194 GR 2H (PLATES) (WELDABLE
(NOTE 13) SA-194 GR.4 QUALITY)
(NOTE 13)

SA 387 GR.11 SA 335 SA 213 SA 182 SA 193 GR.B7 SAME AS SAME AS SA-193GR.B8 1¼ Cr.½ Mo
CL.1/CL.2 GR.P11 GR.T11 GR.F11 SA 194 GR.4 PRESSURE PARTS PRESSURE (COMML.
PARTS SA 194 GR.8 QLTY)

SA 240 TYPE SA-312 SA-213 SA 182 F SA-193 B7 SAME AS SA 106 GR.B SA-193GR.B8 SAME
304L,316L, TP 304L TP 304L 304L,316 L, SA-194 GR 2H PRESSURE PARTS GRADE AS
321 (SEE 316L,321 316L, 321 321 SA-194 GR.8 PRESSURE
NOTE 4) SA-376 PARTS
TP 321

ELEVATED TEMPERATURE

ABOVE 427 SA 387 GR.11 SA 335 P11 SA 213 T11 SA 182 GR SA 193 SAME AS SAME AS SA-193 GR.B8 1¼Cr-½Mo
UPTO 538 CL.1/CL.2 SA 335 P12 SA 213 T12 F11 GR.B16 PRESSURE PARTS PRESSURE (COMML.
SA 387 GR.12 SA 182 SA 194 GR.4 PARTS SA 194 GR.8 QTLY)
CL.I/CL.2 GR.F12

ABOVE 427 SA 240 TYPE SA 312/ SA 213 TP SA 182F 304, SA 193 SAME AS SAME AS SA-193 GR.B8 SA 479 Gr.
UPTO 500 304,316,321 SA 376 304,316, 321 316, 321 GR.B16 PRESSURE PARTS PRESSURE 304L,316L,
(SEE NOTE 4) TYPE SA 194 GR.4 PARTS SA 194 GR.8 321
304,316, 321
SAME AS SAME AS
ABOVE 538 SA 387 GR.22 SA 335 P22 SA 213 T22 SA 182 GR SA 193 GR B5 SAME AS PRESSURE PRESSURE 2¼ Cr.1 Mo
UPTO 593 CL.1/CL.2 F22 SA 194 GR.3 PRESSURE PARTS PARTS PARTS (COMML.
SA 387 GR.21 SA 336 GR QLTY)
CL.1/CL.2 F22
SAME AS SAME AS

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 PRESSURE VESSEL – Material Selection Guidelines 2014
ABOVE 500 SA 240 SA 312/ SA 213 SA 182 SA 193 GRB8 SAME AS PRESSURE PRESSURE SA 479 Gr.
UPTO 815 GR.304H, SA 376 TYPE 304H, GRADES SA 194 GR.8 PRESSURE PARTS PARTS PARTS 304H,
316H TYPE 304H, 316H, 321H 304H, (STRAIN 316 H, 321 H.
321H, 316H, 321H 316H,321H HARDENED)

Notes:

1. Plates are purchased to the requirement of the standard ASME SA-20, which requires
testing of individual plates for low temperature service. Carbon steel material is ordered to
meet the impact requirements of supplement S5, of standard ASME SA 20; typical
material specification is as follows. SA 516 Gr.60. Normalised, to meet impact
requirements per supplement S5 of SA 20 at minus 50F.

2. All permanent attachments welded directly to 9% nickel steel should be of the same
material or of an austenitic stainless steel type, which cannot be hardened by heat
treatment.

3. Check for impact testing requirement as per UCS-66, for coincident temperature and part
thickness.

4. Selection of stainless steel material shall be based on process recommendation / process

licensor.

5. This table is not applicable for atmospheric/low pressure storage tanks. Materials shall be
selected as per API 650/API 620 as applicable.

6. Materials for caustic service, sour service or sour service + HIC shall be selected based
on specific recommendation of process licensor.

7. Material for pressure vessels designed according to ASME Section VIII Division 2 shall be
given special consideration as per code.

8. Internal bolting shall be selected on the basis of shell side material solid or clad as follows:

SHELL MATERIAL STUD NUTS

Carbon steel &up to 1% Cr. ASTM A 193 Gr B-7M ASTM A-194 Gr 2HM
5% Chrome A 193 Gr B5 A 194 Gr 3
13% Chrome A 193 Gr B6X A 194 Gr 6
Stainless Steel A 193 Gr* A 194 Gr*

For low temperatures, min. quality of bolting material shall be as specified for external
bolting and shall be improved if shell side materials are better.

* Compatible / same grade of SS.

9. Non-ferrous material and super alloys are not covered above and shall be selected based
on specific recommendation.

10. Material for vessel / column skirt shall be the same material as of vessel / column shell for
the upper part with a minimum of 1000mm.

11. All tubes shall be of seamless construction.

12. SA 965 shall be used for Heat Exchanger non-standard SS/LAS forgings.

13. IS 2062 shall be used upto temperature of 300 Deg. C maximum.

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