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ADOLESCENTS USE OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

Sivaiah Rachakonda
M.A. (Eng), M.SC. (Psy), M.A (Ed), PGDFE, Bed. # 6-842,

Venkatagiri Gutta, Jaggayypeta. Krishna, Andhra Pradesh, India.

I am Rachakonda Sivaiah, working as a lecturer in English and Psychology for

under graduate students. I am also pursuing Ph.d in psychology from Sri
Venkateswara University, Tirupathi. I am qualified for eligibility for assistant
professor in state (AP Set) and national level (CBSE net). I have attended four
national seminars in Psychology and got a paper published in international
seminar. I am interested in Psychological research.

ABSTRACT
The usage of SNS has been so widespread that they have caught the attention
of academics worldwide. SNS are now being investigated by numerous social science
researchers. An increasing number of social scientists are developing interest in
studying SNS, because of its impact on society. Further, the usage of Social Networking
Sites (SNS) among the people of India is evidently increasing, particularly among the
Indian adolescent students. It has invariably left a big impact on society in general and
adolescents in particular. The present paper throws light on the adolescent students’
use of internet and social networking. It tries to find out the impact of internet and social
networking on the adolescents physical and mental health. It attempts to investigate the
use of internet and social networking sites by adolescents on gender and demography
base. It studies the impact of social networking and internet usage in semi urban areas
where the town is surrounded by many number of villages.
Key words: the adolescent students’ use of internet and social networking,
impact on semi urban areas.
ADOLESCENTS USE OF INTERNET AND SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES
INTRODUCTION
The demographic details about social networking usage show rapid growth of net
usage and escalation of netigens in heaps and bounds. From simple information
sending system of bulletin board, it has grown to the heartthrob and stimulating nerve of
every one. Its appalling impact is on 1/3rd of world’s population in which majority victims
are teens and early adults directly or indirectly. The rapid development of IT and
INFOTAINMENT has made the modern gadgets of informatics handy. A smart phone
with a networking coverage has becomes stuck to the palm during day and
honeymoons spouse hugged tight at night. The erotic pleasures of it are compelling the
users to stride their impulsions in the virtual world.

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The usage of SNS has been so widespread that they have caught the attention
of academics worldwide. SNS are now being investigated by numerous social science
researchers. An increasing number of social scientists are developing interest in
studying SNS, because of its impact on society. Further, the usage of Social Networking
Sites (SNS) among the people of India is evidently increasing, particularly among the
Indian adolescent students. It has invariably left a big impact on society in general and
adolescents in particular
Social Networking Sites allow users to manage, build and represent their social networks
online. Social Networking Sites are usually made up of other individuals; they might also include
profiles of events, companies, even political parties. People use Social Networking Sites for
countless activities. Among the most common uses are, connecting with existing networks,
making and developing friendships/contacts, create an online presence for their users, viewing
content/finding information, creating and customizing profiles and so on. Social Networking
Sites have rapidly gained popularity. Globally the active memberships on SNS reached more
than 300 millions. . Teenage youth are a unique population of SNS users.

They are among the first to have grown up entirely surrounded by communication
technologies. Teenagers are also in a period of rapid development, growth, and maturation.
Research about social media effects on youth promises to contribute significantly to the concerns
of adults who mediate access to these online communities.

Definition of Social Networking

Oxford Dictionary defines social networking as “A dedicated website or other application
which enables user to communicate with each other by posting information, comments,
messages, images, etc”
The website, www.investopedia.com defines social networking as “the use of internet
based social media programs to make connections with friends, family, classmates, customers,
and clients. Social networking can be done for social purposes, business purposes or both. The
programs show the associations between individuals and facilitate the acquisition of new
contacts. Examples of social networking have included Facebook, LinkedIn, Classmates.com and
Yelp.”
The website, www.webopedia.com defines social networking as “ Abbreviated as SNS a
social networking site is the phrase used to describe any web site that enables users to create
public profiles within that web site and form relationships with other users of the same web site
who access their profile. Social networking sites can be used describe community based web
sites, online discussions, forums, chartrooms and other social spaces online”.
The website, whatis.techtarget.com defines social networking as “Social networking is
the practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making
connections through individuals. “

Adolescents/Teens and Social networking

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The explosion in social networking sites such as MySpace, Face book, Bebo and
Friendster is widely regarded as an exciting opportunity, especially for youth. Teenagers are
among the most prolific users of social network sites (SNS). Emerging studies find that youth
spend a considerable portion of their daily life interacting through social media. Subsequently,
questions and controversies emerge about the effects SNS have on adolescent development.
Young people have always devoted attention to the presentation of self. Friendships have
always been made, displayed and broken. Strangers – unknown, weird or frightening - have
always hovered on the edge of the group.
Teenagers began adopting them as spaces to mark identity and socialize with peers.
Teens leveraged these sites for a wide array of everyday social practices gossiping, flirting,
joking around, sharing information, and simply hanging out. While Social Net work sites were
predominantly used by teens as a peer-based social outlet, the unchartered nature of these sites
generated fear among adults.
Today‟s adolescents have increased capacity to interact with one another and the
larger world using media, enhanced opportunities to explore and experiment via media, and
probably an increased likelihood of being influenced by Social media websites (SMWs)
include social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook ( www.facebook.com) and
LinkedIn (www.linkedin.com). At present there are several different types of SNSs available,
some with a more targeted audience and others aiming for more general appeal.
Like any other type of media, social media are not inherently good or bad. Social media
is dependent on the type and frequency of their use. Media reports as well as research have
highlighted potential benefits and risks for adolescents interacting with social media. Among
these concerns is the potential for social media to influence health behaviors.Adolescents are
uniquely positioned to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of social media.Daniel J. Flannery
PhD, Dr. Semi J. and Ruth Begunin their work “Social Media and its effects on youth”
(www.cdc.gov) expels the facts that 93 percentage of teens are active users of the internet
(60‐70% daily) and 75 percentage of teens own a cell phone. The average texting of the teens is
over 3000 texts per month (100/day) and text messaging has increased most dramatically, along
with media multi‐tasking.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Literature review is a critical and in depth evaluation of previous research work
done in the given field. The review of literature gives the clean picture of the problem to
be solved as being a prerequisite to actual planning and conducting the study. The
review of past investigation serves as a guideline to the researcher, as it avoids
duplications in the field. In other words literature review is a summary of a particular
area of research, allowing anybody reading it to establish why you are pursuing this
particular research work. A good literature review expands upon the reasons behind
selecting a particular research question.
There were plenty of research articles, journal reviews and paper presentations
on the impact of social networking on the children, teens, youth and adults on different
aspects. For the research work undertaken by me I have focused especially on the

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research works of the impact of social media/ social networking on the

teens/adolescents as my research specifies adolescents. The literature reviews I have
referred are given below:
June Ahn, (2011) in his „The Effect of Social Network Sites on Adolescents‟ Social and
Academic Development: Current Theories and Controversies‟ outlined the theoretical
frameworks researchers have used to understand adolescents and SNS. It brings together work
from disparate fields that examine the relationship between SNS and social capital, privacy,
youth safety, psychological well-being, and educational achievement. This research spoke to
high-profile concerns range from youth privacy, safety, psychological well-being, social
development, and academic performance.

Teague E. Simoncic (2012) in his study „Face book Depression Revisited: The Absence
of an Association between Face book Use and Depressive Symptoms‟ investigated the
association between Facebook use, depression, and the personality factors of extroversion and
neuroticism. The study suggests that there is no association between Facebook use and
depression in college students. Additionally, for females exhibiting high levels of neuroticism,
Facebook activity can actually have a protective function against protective symptoms. The
author claimed that this is the first study to empirically examine the relationship between
Facebook use and depression, and its results contradict popular perception of this relationship.

Ghulam Shabir, et al. (2014) ‘the research on “The Impact of Social Media on
Youth: A Case Study of Bahawalpur City’ was conducted to check the impact of social
networking sites in the changing mind-set of the youth. The main objectives were as (1)
To analyze the influence of social media on youth social life (2) To assess the beneficial
and preferred form of social media for youth (3) To evaluate the attitude of youth
towards social media and measure the spending time on social media (4) To
recommend some measure for proper use of social media in right direction to inform
and educate the people. Findings showed that the Majority of the respondents show the
agreements with these influences of social media. Respondents Face main problem
during use of social media are unwanted messages, social media is beneficial for youth
in the field of education, social media deteriorating social norms, social media is
affecting negatively on study of youth. Social media promotes unethical pictures, video
clips and images among youth, anti-religious post and links create hatred among
peoples of different communities, Negative use of social media is deteriorating the
relationship among the countries, social media is playing a key role to create political
awareness among youth.
Sudipta Deb Roy et al. (2015) ‘Impact of Social Media / Social Networks on
Education and life of Undergraduate level students of Karimganj town-A survey’
discussed the positive and Negative impact of social networks on Education of
undergraduate level students as well as on their life, depending on one’s interest to use
it in a positive manner for his /her education and vice versa.
The Study revealed that, Facebook is the most popular site among the youths; it
provides individuals with a way of maintaining and strengthening social ties which can

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be beneficial to both social and academic settings. It strongly recommended checking

students’ activities on Social Networks and also minimizing the use of Social Networking
sites for the benefits of the students’ community. To minimize the negative effect of
Social Network, it is vitally important to educate students on healthy use of information
and communication technology as well as providing them a healthy environment.
Parents may also be suggested to spend as much time to their wards in leisure period ,
maintain a friendly relation and try to meet their queries so far as possible in order that
their child might not get much be habituated or addicted towards social networking sites.
Reema & Gopal’s A qualitative analysis of social networking usage, Intr. J Res
Dev Health. (2014) examined that Social networking sites (SNSs) are altering the way
individuals communicate. These online environments allow users to make friends,
network with colleagues, and share their personal views with others. The current study
attempted to study the prevalence and dynamics of excessive social networking among
the Indian youth. It was observed that most Indian students begin to network socially
around mid-adolescence. Gender, nature of family and working parents were found to
be relevant factors in their online usage. The researchers in this study found that
Facebook was the most preferred SNS for functions of chatting and making friends.
Gaming, watching movies and listening to music were enjoyed the most other than
social networking. Most of the participants were found to carry social networking at
night, interact with the opposite sex, have interest in electronic gadgets, ignore daily
activities, hide their online tasks from others, use SNS secretly and feel frustrated in its
absence. Using thematic analysis, social acceptance, physical maladjustment and tool
for career growth were found to be the most common experiences around social
networking.
Objectives of the Study:

The purpose/objective of the study includes the following:

 To examine the adolescent students use of internet and social networking.
 To find out the impact of internet and social networking on the adolescents physical and
mental health.
 To investigate the use of internet and social networking sites by adolescents on gender
and demography base.

Based on the available review of literature, the following hypotheses were formulated.

HYPOTHESES
It is envisaged that the findings of the study will reveal the impact of social networking
usage on the adolescent students and the how they disturb their quality of life and it will also find
the ways to improve resilience in adolescents and how the social net networking can be best used
for the positive purpose and revitalize life. This revelation will assist netizens, parents or
guardians, teachers and counseling coordinators in resolving many conflicts related to the
negative impact of the social networking usage. Netizens will know how the adolescent are
trapped by the social networks and thereby re-examine their networking usage and take
necessary precautions while acting on these sites.

In order to verify the impact of social networking on adolescents it was hypothesized that
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Hypothesis-1: There would be significant difference in the use of internet and social
networking usage in relation to the time spent by the adolescent students.
Hypothesis-2: There would be significant difference in the usage of internet and social
networking on rural and urban adolescent students.
Hypothesis-3: There would be significant difference in the use of internet and social
networking usage in relation to the sites most often visited by the adolescent students.
Hypothesis-4: There would be significant difference on the use of internet and social
networking on the adolescents in relation to the purpose of the usage of the networking sites.
Hypothesis-5: There would be significant difference in the use of internet and social
networking usage on the boy and girl adolescent students.

METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methodology employed to achieve the research objectives.
The discussion centered around the rationale of the study, purpose of the study, research
questions, significance of the study/ hypothesis, demarcation of the research, the population, the
sample, and sampling technique,. The data collection process and the process to analyze the
collected data were described. All these were to ensure that the objectives of the research were
achieved.
Population
The target population comprised all adolescent students of the Senior High Schools and
Junior colleges in the area of Jaggaiahpet, a semi urban town in the district of Krishna, Andhra
Pradesh. This constituted of both male and female students of these institutions. Students of these
institutions were of varied ethnic backgrounds. They were a mixer of rural and semi urban
inhabitants with different socio economic backgrounds. The accessible population was students
in the ten senior high schools and five colleges. The research was centered on the students of the
standards from ix to primary graduation levels where their ages are between 14 and 19.
Sample
Getting a sample in a research study is very important. This is because all members of the
study area cannot be studied. “You cannot study everyone and everywhere doing everything.”
(Miles and Huberman,1994). For this reason a sample consisting of 200 respondents were
selected in which 100 boys and 100 girls were selected for the present study. The breakdown of
the 200 students was as follows.
Break Down of Respondents by Age

S. No. Age Male Female Total

1 14 13 11 24

2 15 27 36 63

3 16 36 39 69

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4 17 24 20 44

5 TOTAL 100 100 200

Break Down of Sample By Respondents

BY AREA BY NETWORK By respondents time spent on social

USAGE network per day in minutes

Rural Urban User Non user Less Between Between More

than 10 10 and 30 to 60 than 60
min. 30 min. min. min. T
heref
115 85 150 50 113 13 18 06 ore
the
prese
nt study was aimed to investigate empirically the impact of social networking on the quality of
life and resilience of the adolescents of rural, urban areas of Jaggaihpet Mandal among 100 boys
and 100 girls. For examining the networking impact, it was taken 150 users of networking and 50
non users. There time spent on social networking usage is cauterized into four ways as less than
ten minutes, between ten to thirty minutes, between thirty and sixty minutes and more than sixty
minutes. By using these data, it was set to verify empirically in the present study with the
following objectives.

Variables Studied:

Independent Variables:
 Use of internet and social networking
Demographic Variables:
Social networking users and non users, gender (boys and girls), rural and urban, time
spent by the users on the networking usage and the sites most they visit.

Dependent Variables:
 Adolescents

PROCEDURE:
The data collection for the present research involved three stages. In the first stage the
principals of the respective schools and colleges were met with a written request to permit the
students to participate in the research. After obtaining prior permission from the principals, the

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research met the students in their respective classes during the leisure time and explained the
purpose of the research and given them freedom to sway if not willing to participate in the
second stage. The personal information sheet and internet addiction scale were distributed to the
students who were randomly selected from the registers in the third stage.

Discussion:
Table showing networking usage of Adolescents

Scores on internet Purpose of usage Sights most User/non user User/ non user
addiction often visit by gender By locality

Below 20 75 Knowledge 130/150 Google 77 boys 79/21 Rural 79/36

search
Between 20-49 61
Between 50-79 14 Time pass/ 20/150 U tube/ 73 girls 71/29 Urban 71/14
chatting fb
Between 80-100 00

Adolescents’ use of internet and social networking:

Time spent by teens on SNS
Out of the sample collected 150 teens use SNS every day. In them 24 of them use SNS
more than 30 minutes and 13 of them spend less than 30 minutes. Majority of the teens in this
semi urban area use SNS less than 10 minutes.

Sites often visited by the Teens and the Purpose of usage:

Most of the teens are using Google Search and You Tube (130) for reference and
knowledge purpose. They are depending on the internet for completing project works given to
them in their schools/ colleges. Only 20 out 150 users are using Face book and Twitter for time
pass and chatting. It shows that in semi urban areas which more villages in the surroundings, the
impact of SNS is very less. Only a few teenagers are affected by the computer and internet
technology.

Usage by Gender and Demography:

Out of the 200 sample collected only 150 teens are SNS users. In them 50 teens are non
users. Again in this fifty the girls share is 29 and the remaining 21 are boys. In urban only 14 are
non users and 36 are non users in rural areas.
Among the users of the SNS boys are 79 and girls are 71but in the demography there is
little change there are more rural users 79 when compared to urban usrs71.This may be the
reason that they may SNS for doing their project works and sharing their ideas to complete the
work.

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Scores on Internet and Social Networking Usage:

The scores on the internet and social networking usage show that only 9% (14/150) of the
teens are affected by SNS and internet usage. It indicates that the users are experiencing
occasional or frequent problems because of the Internet usage. They should consider this full
impact on their life.
Around 40% (61/150) of them are average users.They may surf the Web a bit too long at times,
but they have control over your usage.
Around 50% (75) of them are unaffected by SNS and internet usage. They just use the
networking only when they have a particular need.

Conclusion:
In semi urban areas where the town is surrounded by many number of villages the impact
of social networking and internet usage is very less. The impact is slowly growing. Even in the
rural areas the usage is gradually increasing as the students adolescents are needed to use the
internet for their educational purposes. There is a little difference in the usage between boy and
girl adolescents and also between the rural and urban users. Only a few adolescents (9%) in the
sample have social networking impact.

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