Scribd
Upload
57 views

Structural Formula

This document discusses structural formulas of organic compounds. It covers: 1) Carbon forms 4 bonds to achieve stability, and can bond to itself to form chains and single, double, and triple bonds with itself and other elements. Hydrogen bonds satisfy carbon's tetravalency. 2) There are different ways to represent structural formulas, such as molecular, expanded, condensed, and line-angle formulas. 3) Hydrocarbons are classified as aliphatic (saturated or unsaturated alkanes, alkenes, alkynes), cyclic, and aromatic compounds like benzene. Their properties and reactions are also described.

Uploaded by

John Lawrence Ybanez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
57 views

Structural Formula

This document discusses structural formulas of organic compounds. It covers: 1) Carbon forms 4 bonds to achieve stability, and can bond to itself to form chains and single, double, and triple bonds with itself and other elements. Hydrogen bonds satisfy carbon's tetravalency. 2) There are different ways to represent structural formulas, such as molecular, expanded, condensed, and line-angle formulas. 3) Hydrocarbons are classified as aliphatic (saturated or unsaturated alkanes, alkenes, alkynes), cyclic, and aromatic compounds like benzene. Their properties and reactions are also described.

Uploaded by

John Lawrence Ybanez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

Structural Formulas of Organic

Compounds
Joselito R. Tumulak Jr., RCh
Faculty, Physical Sciences Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Notes When Writing
Structural Formulas
Carbon always forms 4 bonds to achieve
stability (tetravalency).

Carbon can bond with itself to form long chains.

Carbon can form single bonds, double bonds, and


triple bonds with itself and other elements.

Usually, addition of H satisfies tetravalency.


Different Structural
Representation
MOLECULAR FORMULA C4H10

EXPANDED FORMULA

CH3CH2CH2CH3 or
CONDENSED FORMULA
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

LINE-ANGLE FORMULA
The Hydrocarbons
General Properties
of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are non-polar; therefore,
they are hydrophobic and immiscible in
water.
Hydrocarbons react exothermically
with oxygen producing CO2 and H2O.

CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2 H2O


Hydrocarbons

Aliphatic Cyclic

Aromatic
Saturated Unsaturated Alicyclic (Benzene Family)

Alkanes Alkenes Saturated Unsaturated

Alkynes Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes

Cycloalkynes
Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
Saturated Unsaturated

Alkane Alkene

H2C = CH2
H3C — CH3
Alkyne

HC = CH
Names of Linear Alkanes
Benzene and
Aromaticity
Benzene (and other aromatic compounds) contains
alternating double bonds within its structure, but their
location cannot be determined exactly due to pi bond
electron delocalization.
The Hydrocarbon Derivatives
Hydrocarbon derivatives refers to
organic compounds containing more
than C and H atoms. In addition, they
contain functional groups.
What Is
FunctionalGroup?

Functional groups are group of


atoms in an organic molecule that
largely affect the compound’s chemical
and physical properties.
Functional Groups of
Biochemical Importance

You might also like