elated Ecuipment 395 PROCEDURE 6-8 Is and tanks. Other designs ate shown for ils poses only Hell « nora asl seluere anger rapid retina oe cooling ate reine Heating coils see _zcnesally placed loa in the tank, cooling coils are placed high for uniformly distribotes shramyl the vertical Leight, Here ave senne advantages of helical pipe evils eat evelnger 2. Highor pressures in ceils 5. Fluid circulate at higher velocities, 1 Higher best transfer coefficients, 5. Cunservation af plot space in contrast wile separate Iieat evehanyger Manufactur Helical pine coils aan be ouannfactned ky varias seins ER sy a single coil on pyramid ithree-rolrolling This metburd is hint! in the pte tha eat Tue proxtueesd, Sizes ta Sin. NPS fave Been accom date, hut 3 an, aoe less 6 typical, The coil is welded inte a single: leng 2, Molle welds, The we sre none diffi, ane tain stat section, 1 Coils ws a nneed. The rolling dome sith som av als be rolled on 8 steel evlindor that is used Igpe af turning device or lithe The coi) is welded into a nliag. The piteh is marked o 1 gle For those ding the fawn single length poor te the ephinder to act iv metal is to ral the va gassed wuaneied This is alized for very sural Dy heat treauent while still on the ands AD ates, ns nn Trelp tu poevent Matening to sone extent Coils > alten rollee! ander hyd pressures as high as SB% af viek! to prevent excessive ovalling of the pipe or imbe. ‘Thee accompli this, the fiydmtest primp is put on whoels ane! pulled along dboring the salle pracess, Koa ___ DESIGN OF PIPE COILS FOR HEAT TRANSFER [10-15] cape ae welded on the pipe to maintain the pressure Guring tolling Starafess sec] coils smiy rege forining to prevent “springhaek Solution ent teatment olution awcaliny after vod alleviate hgh residual stresses, wee performed in fy tite or with the grooved amused to ensane dimensional stabi Springhack isan issue with all cals and is dependent on the ype af matoral and onsibibity This springhack allo the shop Going the ork, Sone sequent rolling after the inital The stralaht length oF pipe is “a tothe amanidrel prior to the start of ehe colling to held the co dows the nuudrel Occasional ¢ amas be welded rathor than d Applications for groaver! mnandr to te cat of ine saation heat tested ith the eval are tps are very expensive du ye evichining of the snandrel. Mavudrels that or fons one or fn bet treatments die to the seven quote Thus the cost af the mantel rast be included in the cost ef the cal Design There are two distinet aspects fie le sical desige af the design of pipe call sansfor There 4s the thermal desien wd the py The thermal design falls ito three parts: Determine the proper design basis > Caleulating the requieed heat Ina 3, Computing, the requized eoil ate Physical de ign includes she flowing 1, Selecting « pipe diameter 2, Computing the length 3, Determine the type of i 4 Lowattion in the sak or ves 5. Detaled liso ‘To dotesanine the design bass, he flog ate st be 1 Vesseltank dh 2. Vosselitank heig! 5. Lule oF uaunsubited Tol 5. Open to 9° lose tp336 Pressure Vessel Design Manual 6. Maxim depth of hi 7. Time reqpired to heacoo! 5. Aaitated or nonaigtated 9. Typ of operition, The typq 1 Baceh operation: heating, 2. Bate operation: enoling, 3. Continuous operation: heating 1. Continous operation: cankng, Coils inside pressure vessels maybe subjecte pal prossire of the vessel aeting as an exterual pressise on the coil, In arldition, steam eeals shovld bee designed! for fll ‘comin or the worst combina of external loads aswell as the intemal pressuse condition The coil wast either be designed for the vessel hydrotest, extemal tarshe inter or be pressar ied during the test to prevent collapse Pressure Drop the purposes of caleslating pressure drop, this ratio may be nsed to determine the average quantity of steam Hewing within the coi Heat Transfer Coefficient, U ‘The fiat transfer enelficiens, U, is dependent nthe fl Tensing wactables 1. Thermal conductivity of met 2. Thickness of metal in pipe wall Fluid velocity. Specific heat 5. Density andl iseosty snedlinen, and product 4 Fouling factor oxidation, sealing 7. Temperature differences (driving force) “Trapped yases in liquid Hove 8. Type af flow regime tlaminar versus turbulent, urbe Te It is important thal pressure drop be considered in design wil Ths will establish hey Tent of pipe for any ven pipe si ine pip eto iis on te Targe pressure drops roaty mean the ov] sno eapale oF transmitting the requ red rysanity of hypril at she walle pressuce, Fw adiion, ho hind velocities inside the cull shoukl be kept as Tigh as posse te vedace Sl buildup, eve ae set ries or parameters fe ayia alow aie pressure drop Rather. an acceptable presser drop is cated to the velocity rere ty effect dhe heat tanser For lng should he: conside-ed. For raaniaint velocity af 13 feet per secu Md sses “tho squared” sl we saint arama 000, Pressnae crop it he'ieal eis fs dependent on whesher the flow is haninar ae turbulent Typically flows are Laminar at uid velocities sal tarblent at high Aid velocities. kn raved pipes and ale! th sum increases the fiction Tins also eas sevonary circulation takes place seey” or Douts Effect, While shis ize stabilize lan critieal” Reynolds sunher Taninar st Reynolds sainbets less thar 2004 and tihalent ashen Reynolds numbers ate greater thar 4000. At Revnoles numbers becween 200 an 4000) intermittent conditions owst Hat are called the sire drop 6:1 b nar Pee, tis increasing the In general, flows a high ear the he stare of the vel city, From this relationship, combined with the clfects of or stear flow, the pr inlet and de ase approsienately as increased speeafic volume af the steam due to pressute Joop,» can fe shown that the ae ra the cal isthece feurths of te ma velocity of the steam sot inlet velocity, Poe Notes AIL of the follwing apply specifically Helical coils | Oserdesign rather than underdesign 2. The recommended ratio of vessel diameter ta pipe dia inoter should be abort 30, However, it has been Fond that 2 in. pape as an ideal size for ean Pipe sizes of Gin. and Si 3, Helical coils ave concentiic with the vessel ais, §, Two ar more coils may be used, with applications ave been used dlistanee betwen the cals of tv pipe 5, Seamless pie is preferred. Sch luke BO pipe is po ferred. nit vienna pte to five pipe diameters, with 2 ta 24 recommended. Piysical limits should be set Ietseen 4, sini ane 248, maxima, Contesting dius of bends should be 10 times the pipe lhumetor minimum. (Lin, pipe — lin, centerline rads Se is recommended for bend ritios over 58 or her elongation greater than 40% tha the evils be heat weated alter forming, The bend ratio is follows 8. Flatlening due to forming should be limited 4a. 10s Sonne cules lint ovality to as litle ax 8%, Ovality may1, Wall thin bo cringe! fll w(t) secs any time a pipe a1 the ond rts thicker onside of fhe lend gets thinner Typically this 3 wnt 4 probleny Ihecinse the outside of the bend Phat gets thinner wall uso esperions ork hardening thickness, The fer the thinning, Anticipate rainy cans Ds conptedd as 2 curtain amoynt af that can make ap for the loss of ighter the bend, the wv wall thinning dive Fallows 1 Distance: between as migernal coil nel the sid wall oe Hotton of tbe tank or vessel anininions of 8a, ah ‘xian af 148, (dimension “e elated Cquioment 997 AUleilsshonld be evenly supported ats mini ont of hve phases. Supports shold bee eveaby spaced alle for thcrmal esparsion of the eo Cals should be sloped miniounss of % in. per fone to alles for drainage no raten in spiral evs can set wp harmonic ‘lations that could sltimately bie destructive to the coil, supports, ete. hv addition, shig flaw van cause fextceme coil mokement TE vibration er movement ecownes probe, shew cher the Baw rater dhe foil support arrangement annst be changed Linn velocity to 0 fort per second an emis ‘The “steady-state” condition eequiees less coll than any nther desig eosdition 1 pressnte dap i excessive. the oni] ma’ be split ate rll cols with nnaneflds or separate mlets or ante less‘Types of CoilsRelates Equipment 339 oil Layout for Flat-Bottom Tanks lng Header {smal daneter a6) Flat Spiral Doveloped length of Bat spiral coils by ease ‘cmea' zone Laminartion 14) v0 19000 10 rc oF wot A, —Reyreiss number340 Proscure Voss! Design Marval Manifold for Multiple Coils Support for Multiple Coils Sb Coil Supports Support for Single Coil ‘iemated te ery Manifold for Multiple Coils, Multiple SeriesRelated Equipment 341 Notation A sessed slice area, surface ates of evil routed RE rie heat of evil of vessel contents, &PUslby Y Dq.d Seenterbne diainetir of el Ht 1D, inside ameter nf vessel, ft B,D Hest required, 0 Luque Q= Mc, aT=9, 8 Area roquired, 8 @ “Gar 4 As an alternative, compute the tne required, F | we,GTD I AAT Gas iim s Cooling Applications The value of U ean be taken from the various tables oF calculated as follows. to eee Heating Applications Heating medium ations are omutealrnt to “heat recovery appli types of applications, Only che “parallel” ype is shown, © Determine mass flow rate, M. cro M = 62.405, © Determine AT CTD == LID=t—u 18 Determine mays flow rate, M M—A2.4cs, 8 Determine AT # Heat required, Q Erb = -& Lipou—e | QE Me, aT = 0,Related Lquomert 343 Snibtract heat losses to atiosphere fiom wat to be | Reynolds Number 18 For steaua heating cil 8 tee required, A 1. Given, deverinine dhe rare af Hoss. AY a | 1. Find velocity in coil, ¥ : od Pipe: properties », - 123.8, s-_ nas © Detevinie lonath of eit require be 8 Bind BR, evitient For coils, he evitiea! Resnaias munnboer i function of the fatio of pipe diameter to coil chameter, computed as fle © Chock mininaany contesting vats R 032 Suber a juteds of crak pp Note Paths shou be 2 to The erated Reynalls manor aay ahi be taken Fen the 25% NPS : sgaph my Figure 6 3 18 Devore tine wsnabor of ters repaired. N Figure 630. various tow regimes,244 Pressure Vessel Design Marwal casper ery For other hid and es I ] fli Lani trates coowossem¥* eubke | 2p, = 2000096 ous | ar = arity Tubaon 4 b. For turblent flew ee oes ‘noo. an =m I sli CC 5 + . | i Sample Problem BO fy | so4 Son - 4 to Tos Som 4000-1590 2000 fo, Reng Heating Coil: Steam to Oil Figure 631, Proseuro grap factors for tow tough eo From ASME “Vansaction Journal of Base Engingaing, Volume 81,1989, 9.126 © No itt (ther shar natural eienfation) 4 Coil material = earbon sted © Properties Pressure Drop Steant ! - # IF steamy #8 the heating: medium, the pressure drop of | Vs 6 aidensing steam is E=o12 ois BL? ap= 3 wt The units ae 3s fllows Gyo 0ae F021 for condensing steas S.= 0.89 Lis fet Vien fer Vessel isin ful? gi in ft diameter x 304 tata Liquit! height = 151 Volume to Tignid b 1 00 f= 5847 gallonsFoamperatuses 130 F at = 2008 Tete to best =r fe Lene mcan tempevature digirenee, AT 6D =u a = 60 = 28 LED =) 5 = 300 200 = 1 Grp utp 240160 ap STP RTD 2 song 0 ia) foro)”, 25 tmg(CTP) © 25 wid to be hated, ©. ‘K vy : = TUN Por Dateh process: € © Moss f M M6248, = 62 4A 89 = 38.875 hye ete: required, OMG, AT=Q, = 38.870.12N160-0 2.61 AISBEU he Heat tumsfor soe, U U fan Table 6 208 50= 2000 inn Table 6 fn Tale 6022 35-60 1 caleation: 1180) 2- 8 Area af coud equ 48 Beteriie the physval aianesions of the evil D6 - 32 Use in. pipe SP a a0 per oak Thegefine D,=72in erp ret. Asso Sian, Sel 80 pipe elated Equipment 345 b,= 02417 saamisn onuth of pipe equtred, Las 305 oon 8" Church mnonioncern evans Deternaine pte, Pay = SNPS = 508) = 15 SNPS = 313)= 6 Pow Use p=2519) 7. inl number ef tuons of spiral, N 45 VIR 0 = 2359 oP Use (28) turns 75in = ISN, OK ined actual lenge of eal La Nvepy ee 1 = 2ty feb + 0.625% — asst Fate of flow, Royrotds smeaber, Ri, A3IW _ Aa1esse SONY SCS = 5.405 da > Zora) HE Veletty of steam ta call V | LOSI, 8.00085 28616.7 ee = 1 9dte/see = 6988 17h Pressure drop, SP. 2101248598 BIT OWT skp345 Pressure Vessel D Sample Problem 2 sign Manual Press See tia oy cro ue el Eon Cooling application” Parallel flow P Cooling mediuen wees Dui Vessel doors Dischage rate Agitation baslles o ° ° bia 1e8 Ho oil (vessel contents) Water (coil contents =D SANK GPL Yes Yes Properties. Proeose fai Gao. pe @ OF Coit medium Temperatures = Or be br =e aur © Fe mean temperature diffrence, at cr =u Lab 60 = 80 LTD 6-4 = 099 = 20 ar. GT ETD 9-39 aie) 2 (8) 8 Mass flows sate, Mt M = 3008 als 24.090 lye hr Heat required. 9. o MepaT=@y 400.423 0= 451,19 BTU/hr © Heat teunsfor coefficient, U Wi from Table 6-22: 10 2» Use U fo Area of eal reyuived. Ay @ _Lste AS = Cat” 103) © Determine baffle size Baie width, B= 0,083 = 12a Of wall, B, = 0.9 1D = Sin, # Determine the physical diaieasions of the cot ps =P M4 wt Use tin, pipe © Pipe prapestics, Assume in. Sch 8 pipe = 3.826, D, = AsIss te S= 1178 Fyn© Determine evil dianetor, D, D, S14 305) 2181 =8Sin ITD . Uf pine eared. b, \ oe na a su5 8 Solus © Chek eaininain vod 9S 165) 89 25 Determine pret, p Pou —ONPS = 514) = 20 yo 2NPS = 24) = Uw 254) lis usaae © Fiad muri of ares of spent, X 1 Ne - abe yp vit Nes iin, = 220i, 24in, OK. Fd art I feugth of Lanyeny ape YIFRIE 008 5659 Felaled Equpmert 347 Beate of flaw. WW = 2h 90Ibyhe Velocity, V USHANY, _OOFEREIONMNIEL oe ss ae Beymlds wmbier Be Tsay _ 12a 9O Som Von > boneoas) hr Therotive flow ts turbulent Struighetine pressure desys AP, 1838 LAW AP aw 1836 9200.03 IN565 12 Ee al S8267168.11) Pressure rp, AP348 Pressure Vessel Des'gn Manuel Teble 612 Tobie 613 toe owe rancootens sieetny| Seale | ty [vty | sem |__| dem Fim ele oh 1055 | boars Wa "50-2000 wo [ esr Toner i Sms 0 2 138 [organ sokurts 69-500 a [aoa enone |? on vo-t@ to [ove | oe > Sean ae st eps] ens oo "eo 0 2 | tor jp eme | | E er we som | ore ews a0 70] aos | ease Was 7e20 200 : +4 cow | |g a oo [28 | oan § [Orpen sonens wo [som | eas i ae 700-300 4 im | wo] ter [ean i neyo ‘eran wo | cou | osose 5 wo [arr over Table 614 prop eases wai | wb 4 we] mer | wer me ave | ean one] 02 ener | oom [ose 0a Bonne oz ose | ase ongin | ooma [om —aaas | easr vwrgee | aan | oas ome] oa? wuseare [00m [08008] 002 ‘ame 00m [oa 08” | ome Butane 0.1623, 0.975 9.455, oe | propre | ovate [aga owe | om cnyene | oares | ose oa | are co [eae | 028 oa] oar con | awese | a2) 02" | ome Sean as aCTable 6-15 Thermal Conductwey of Meta, K, BI 9a Fa Temperature, = Related Equipment 949 Mater 20 [sw | ae | so | aw | 70) om 1009 fiyp-000emened | 15 | so | 73 | oe) vase | tate mum soito |e | ese | tes | aw] ee | ee ee ‘no i06 wpm) em ate | ee [two tee [ae | neon we | ve | tos | re | pe | omnes x0 [sea a we ae oe | ow) 0 ae foe era ce | me) oe | om ase mo | ee | me) 2% CMe 300 | (268 276 rr) 264 252 282 240 “ecw |e een) ms 7 126% 10 wo) om) meee ie-essr weve | ef ee eee ae ry ca + Admiralty brass 840, soos | 7068 [ eal se oo 4 t 20Cu-10Ni 1 ave 408, aa 508 sea | ae 62 5, 80Cu-20Ni 264 26 300 aed are, 408, ra) “aC SO ae [2 [me | ore [mn | a ao | soe | we re wo [ae [| eae ae Wott we | we |e fae) = wesley | we | we] we) ee Tana weep es es350 Pressure Vessel Design Manual Table 6-16 Properties af Slezm ana Water “Saturated Steam Water P (PSIG) Temp.tF) ] Vedfeisy | E(@TUNA) — . (contipoise) | Tomp.(F) | a(t) x (centipolse) | 5 ed ao | oor a ows 10 2a) 165 252 ora a0 “0.0160 15 6 2 4 Co 80 0189 1209 20 a 2 0 25 & 90189 " 25 or ‘oa aos, 70 ons 095 » 2a ce) 20s 80 oor: | ome 38 23 wa pars) oo cry ons 0 vf D018 wo | oorm 066 % 22 7 od ows 190 oars ose = ee oe 01s 0 | Oot8e co 75 220 29 2 ons 0 | _oorre ozs 100) 2 a8 8h 0018 300 cows | ae 15 2S a2 8 oor 380 0180 os [is | 27 657 018 400, 2.0186 ost 200 [_ aa = oon ~ 250 108 rn oo19 | 300 awe Tas ws | one —_ Table 6-17 Proparies of ude [matenat o. | Lantos a0 ae 555 ‘edu aa 089 042 555 unser“ 096 oa 509 0 Fuel of 036 oa 598 Tavlasphat | 49 oa e Motes sue te 02 28 [Mates pats 08 062 ba2Table 6:18 boar woe | eae sor son || ses “0 | Som | coos tow | sea» | eaw | coi | oor | ons | ose | oom feo nae | cox Gare | ome Cae boar | acer | one | oo nse = 380 | vers | oor | ca | aos coms ove ons | arse | ova | orn | oses | ota | on 20 | ses oom | ears | aaa | oor zat o2a@ | 0229 | 22: | o2zs | oz | azte | oo opined by porrussicn 2 Crane Co. Teehsvea Paper Ko. 410 Taste 618 [_ wine | wv Surtace = Still Air ta mph zompn | _30™mph «0 Ye. seauianen ow 02 oa ot 2er. insulation ot ont [on on Unnculated ar | aa 57 65 2m wectaton | [oon | on o. Uninsutated 6 74952 Pressure Vessel Design Manual Tobie 620 Hot Taner Coen, STUN Stato of Controlling Resistance Fle ving op Het | Fls Receng Heat penne pla Tf 280 20-300 ater Mew CE s10 a of Liquid Gas 1 io Water to Air ~~ we ee wae fog tise |} — - Lauie _ T= “arto Water as Cae Te) Gate Sian Boing Lgud 3 [a0 | Gasto Bong water 4 —) 150-800 Soar io Water | boos [ro 20-60 Seam oH Condensing Vaaor | Gas 2 210 - Soamioar | saeco sie ter nn eS) Seam te OH epi op ersesonby cinta, ese Parte #9 Conserve! lng the coven 4 Na aon sh ee oy aan wy fad han an cone ag ons rele $ sracangne sn uct ata secs ener wilnee mnehonng ms nc ecard on Taste ors! coe wh eee Scion neh stores oa aottas Table 6-21 oat Tanstor Coatiien, U, BTU [ Heating Medium | Lquis — 1804 Steam 108 Steam 180-F Water [lean las, ols, ate, 130° e 20 7 I ‘lean as, as wih ign aglaten «0 0 20 Gyoorre, pur, 108 © 3% * ‘ven 80 55 r a5 225 Mainanci 100 7 @ 2 Water sot 60 I 85 7 ee [Water son. 160°F 105 ne aon begTable 6-22 Heat Transer Costin, etune Related Equipment 353 {Clann Surtace Gooticlnte Design Coatticionts ot 80 [Gasset Conve | Fored Coen Netra Convection | Forena Convection Seen Val slon 0-30 soosso | e525 13.78 Sem cairo 0-70 Tow [aos conta coon tun bes wo romeo | ass 0-100 Seon [ire €or rai] 0 vee | om oa 5 oe Seam Moto utr 7 woo a 70 Sean Woten pra 58 roy a | eon Teor ses 7 13 7 Seon tases ocomsyno | 2080 x 7 iaanierg etter | Wey souien | at-00 = = ianarp.telvare i] Toor asa Fn oz Teme * tworastar | ies Tee | cng Aponons ~ » col'sie Sade | cc Way er we woe oe oe Water Quench of O48 j 2545 710 15-25 Wow” Taam abe oe 29-30 oa = co Wousseserconsya| te ease a5 ie arorgues [eat Tae —— ‘aay ean 55 oom aT Table 628 tect ot Meta Sty 09-U" Vales [asprcaion [wate Fim coaticiente Thermal Conductivity | Maa 7 : ~ TETUne ten | Themes). | (BTU cae seo ‘010 zee0 oar =| Heating water [Aura 20 iota 170 oara7 ze wm slat Caen see! [800 08 6 oavan 22a ‘Stainless st 1000 — o.0747 Gore 009 com “urine 5 cS oo com soo a win m | [ ft _ Seam Carbon sted |e van ro oor 207 [Suresssee [sem 108 corer 208354 Pressure Vessel Design Manual 0001 3200 - 2000 e090 ‘00 600 300 a 0.98. ‘a a ao 100200. 9 gon AO0 AIO =000 -Tomceratue, $F Example: Te viscosa water \ecosty ol var ard ique petsloum preau's. Roped oy permision oy Cre Co, Ethane (Oa Propane (C4) Butane (Cyto) Korosere Destine 48° > ensoe 40" A enuce 286° AD enue 22.06: APL onto Sat Crath crue Fuss max) Fue iin SAE 10 lube (190.41 SAE 20 ube (100 V1) Fat (max or Foal max SAE FoluDe (100 V1) Benker C fuel (mae) and erat Toone! Paper No 410