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Problem 3.35 PDF

(1) Given a U-tube manometer with different diameter tubes and oil and water, the problem is to find the deflection h for a pressure change of 250 Pa and the sensitivity. (2) Using equations for hydrostatic pressure and relating the water volumes in the tubes, the deflection is calculated to be 7.85 mm. (3) The sensitivity is calculated to be 0.308 and depends on the diameter ratio, with smaller ratios giving better sensitivity.

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Kauê Britto
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60 views

Problem 3.35 PDF

(1) Given a U-tube manometer with different diameter tubes and oil and water, the problem is to find the deflection h for a pressure change of 250 Pa and the sensitivity. (2) Using equations for hydrostatic pressure and relating the water volumes in the tubes, the deflection is calculated to be 7.85 mm. (3) The sensitivity is calculated to be 0.308 and depends on the diameter ratio, with smaller ratios giving better sensitivity.

Uploaded by

Kauê Britto
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Problem 3.

35 [Difficulty: 3]

Given: U-tube manometer with tubes of different diameter and two liquids, as shown.

d1 = 10⋅ mm d2 = 15⋅ mm SGoil = 0.85

N
Find: (a) the deflection, h, corresponding to Δp = 250⋅
(b) the sensitivity of the manometer 2
m

Solution: We will apply the hydrostatics equations to this system.

Governing Equations: dp
= − ρ⋅ g (Hydrostatic Pressure - z is positive upwards)
dz
ρ = SG⋅ ρwater (Definition of Specific Gravity)

Assumptions: (1) Static liquid patm patm patm + Δp patm


(2) Incompressible liquid

Integrating the hydrostatic pressure equation we get:

( )
p − po = −ρ⋅ g⋅ z − zo = ρ⋅ g⋅ zo − z ( ) h

From the left diagram: l2 lw l3


l1 l4
pA − patm = ρwater⋅ g⋅ l1 = ρoil⋅ g⋅ l2 ( 1)
A B
From the right diagram:

( )
pB − patm + Δp = ρwater⋅ g⋅ l3 ( 2)

pB − patm = ρwater⋅ g⋅ l4 + ρoil⋅ g⋅ l2 ( 3)

Combining these three equations: ( )


Δp = ρwater⋅ g⋅ l4 − l3 + ρoil⋅ g⋅ l2 = ρwater⋅ g⋅ l4 + l1 − l3 ( )
From the diagram we can see lw = l1 − l3 and h = l4 Therefore:

(
Δp = ρwater⋅ g⋅ h + lw ) ( 4)
2
π 2 π 2 ⎛ d2 ⎞
We can relate lw to h since the volume of water in the manometer is constant: ⋅ d1 ⋅ lw = ⋅ d2 ⋅ h lw = ⎜ ⎟ ⋅ h
4 4
⎝ d1 ⎠
⎡ ⎛ d ⎞ 2⎤
⎢ 2 ⎥ Δp
Substituting this into (4) yields: Δp = ρwater⋅ g⋅ h⋅ 1 + ⎜ ⎟ Solving for h: h=
⎢ d1 ⎥ ⎡ ⎛ d ⎞ 2⎤
⎣ ⎝ ⎠⎦ ⎢ 2 ⎥
ρwater⋅ g⋅ 1 + ⎜ ⎟
⎢ ⎥
⎣ ⎝ d1 ⎠ ⎦

3 2 3
N 1 m 1 s 1 kg⋅ m 10 ⋅ mm
Substituting values into the equation: h = 250⋅ × ⋅ × × × × h = 7.85⋅ mm
2 999 kg 9.81 m 2 2 m
1 + ⎛⎜
m 15⋅ mm ⎞ N⋅ s
⎟
⎝ 10⋅ mm ⎠

h
The sensitivity for the manometer is defined as: s= where Δp = ρwater⋅ g⋅ Δhe
Δhe

1 1
Therefore: s= s = s = 0.308
2 2
⎛ d2 ⎞ ⎛ 15⋅ mm ⎞
1+⎜
1+⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎝ 10⋅ mm ⎠
⎝ d1 ⎠

The design is a poor one. The sensitivity could be improved by interchanging d2 and d1 , i.e., having d2 smaller than d1

A plot of the manometer sensitivity is shown below:

1
Sensitivity

0.5

0 1 2 3 4 5

Diameter Ratio, d2/d1

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