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This document contains 12 practice questions regarding acid-base titrations and buffer solutions. The questions calculate pH values, equivalence points, and changes in pH for various titration scenarios involving strong and weak acids and bases. Sample calculations are shown for determining initial and final concentrations, moles of reactants and products, and using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find pH. Key concepts covered include buffer capacity, titration curves, and choosing appropriate pH indicators for titration experiments.

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Paula Aquino
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123 views

Question

This document contains 12 practice questions regarding acid-base titrations and buffer solutions. The questions calculate pH values, equivalence points, and changes in pH for various titration scenarios involving strong and weak acids and bases. Sample calculations are shown for determining initial and final concentrations, moles of reactants and products, and using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find pH. Key concepts covered include buffer capacity, titration curves, and choosing appropriate pH indicators for titration experiments.

Uploaded by

Paula Aquino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Osukuuni Practice Questions CHEM 3811 Acid-Base Titrations

1. Calculate the change in pH that occurs when 0.50 mmol of a strong acid is added to
100.0 mL of a solution containing 0.0200 M of formic acid and 0.0800 M formate (pKa =
3.75).

A solution of formic acid and formate is a buffer solution


Initial mmol formic acid = (100.0 mL)(0.0200 M) = 2.00 mmol
Initial mmol formate = (100.0 mL)(0.0800 M) = 8.00 mmol
pH before strong acid was added (use H-H equation) = 4.35
Addition of strong acid converts base to acid
Final mmol formic acid = 2.00 mmol + 0.50 mmol = 2.50 mmol
Final mmol formate = 8.00 mmol - 0.50 mmol = 7.50 mmol
pH after strong acid was added (use H-H equation) = 4.23
Change in pH = 4.35 - 4.23 = 0.12

2. A 20.0 mL aliquot of 0.0400 M HClO4 is titrated with 0.100 M NaOH. Find the
equivalence volume. Determine the pH at the following volumes of NaOH and plot the
titration curve: 0, 1.00, 3.00, 7.00, 7.50, 8.50, 8.70, 9.00, 11.00 mL.

Refer notes

3. Calculate the change in pH that occurs when 0.0500 M NaOH solution results in a
tenfold dilution of water.

Initial [OH-] = 0.0500 M


Initial pOH = 1.301
Final [OH-] = 0.0500 M/10 = 0.00500 M
Final pOH = 2.301
Change in pH = change in pOH = 1.000

4. Calculate the change in pH that occurs when a solution containing 0.0500 M NH3 and
0.0500 M NH4Cl results in a tenfold dilution of water (pKa = 9.25).

A solution of NH3 and NH4Cl is a buffer solution


Dilution with water reduces concentrations of both NH3 and NH4Cl by the same factor
Quotient in H-H equation remains the same
Change in pH = 0

5. Calculate the pH after the addition of 15.00 mL of 0.100 M KOH in the titration with
50.00 mL of 0.100 M citric acid (pKa = 3.13)

First calculate volume of KOH needed to reach equivalence point


1 mol KOH = 1 mol citric acid
(V)(0.100 M) = (50.00 mL)(0.100 M)
V = 50.0 mL KOH
Implies addition of 15.00 mL KOH is before equivalence point
mmol KOH added = (15.00 mL)(0.100 M) = 1.50 mmol = mmol citrate produced
Initial mmol citric acid = (50.00 mL)(0.100 M) = 5.00 mmol
Final mmol citric acid = 5.00 mmol - 1.50 mmol = 3.50 mmol
Use H-H equation to solve for pH = 2.76

6. Calculate the pH after the addition of 8.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl in the titration with
100.0 mL of 0.0200 M pyridine (pKb = 8.79)

First calculate volume of HCl needed to reach equivalence point


1 mol HCl = 1 mol pyridine
(V)(0.100 M) = (100.0 mL)(0.0200 M)
V = 20.0 mL HCl
Implies addition of 8.00 mL HCl is before equivalence point
mmol HCl added = (8.00 mL)(0.100 M) = 0.800 mmol = mmol pyridium produced
Initial mmol pyridine = (100.0 mL)(0.0200 M) = 2.00 mmol
Final mmol pyridine = 2.00 mmol - 0.800 mmol = 1.20 mmol
Use H-H equation and pKa to solve for pH = 5.39

7. A 50.0 mL of 0.0500 M acetic acid (pKa = 4.76) is titrated with 0.500 M KOH. Write
the balanced reaction equation and find the equivalence volume. Determine the pH at the
following volumes of KOH and plot the pH curve: 0, 1.00, 2.00, 4.00, 4.70, 4.80, 4.90,
5.10, 5.20, 6.50 mL.

C2H3O2H + KOH → KC2H3O2 + H2O


Equivalence volume
(V)(0.500 M) = (50.0 mL)(0.0500 M)
V = 5.00 mL KOH
Refer notes for the rest

8. When 22.63 mL of aqueous NaOH was added to 1.214g of MES (FM = 195.24 g/mol,
pKa = 6.27) dissolved in 41.37 mL of water, the pH was 9.13. Calculate the molarity of
the NaOH solution.

1 mol NaOH = 1 mol MES


Initial moles MES = (1.214 g)/(195.24 g/mol) = 6.218 x 10-3 mol
Use H-H equation to solve for moles conjugate base produced
pH = pKa + log[(x)/ (6.218 x 10-3 - x)]
x = 6.21 x 10-3 mol = moles conjugate base = moles NaOH added
Molarity NaOH = 6.21 x 10-3 mol/0.02263 L = 0.274 M NaOH
9. Determine the pH of a solution made by mixing 50.00 mL of 0.0250 M NH3 (pKa =
9.25) with 20.0 mL of 0.15 M HCl.

First calculate volume of HCl needed to reach equivalence point


1 mol HCl = 1 mol NH3
(V)(0.15 M) = (50.00 mL)(0.0250 M)
V = 8.3 mL HCl
Implies addition of 20.00 mL HCl is after equivalence point
pH is determined by strong acid (H+)
[H+] = (20.0 - 8.3)(0.15)/(20.0 + 50.00) = 0.025 M
pH = - log(0.025) = 1.60

10. Determine the pH of a solution made by mixing 50.00 mL of 0.0250 M Ca(OH)2 with
3.45 mL of 0.300 M HCl.

2HCl + Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 + 2H2O


First calculate volume of HCl needed to reach equivalence point
2 mol HCl = 1 mol Ca(OH)2
(V)(0.300 M) = (2)(50.00 mL)(0.0250 M)
V = 8.33 mL HCl
Implies addition of 3.45 mL HCl is before equivalence point
Excess Ca(OH)2 determines the pH
mmol HCl = (3.45)(0.300) = 1.035 mmol
mmol Ca(OH)2 = 1.035/2 = 0.7325 mmol
[OH-] = 0.7325 mmol/53.45 mL = 0.0137 M
pOH = -log(0.0173) = 1.836
pH = 14 – 1.836 = 12.137

11. Would the indicator bromocresol green, with a transition range of pH 3.8 – 5.4, ever
be useful in the titration of a weak acid with a strong base? Why?

No. Titrating a weak acid with a strong base, the pH at equivalence point will be greater
than 7. An indicator whose transition range overlaps the equivalence point should be
chosen.

12. Find the pH of a solution obtained when 32.00 mL of 0.87 M ethanolamine (pKa =
9.50) is titrated to the equivalence point with 0.15 M HCl.

1 mol HCl = 1 mol ethanolamine


mmol ethanolamine = (32.00)(0.87) = 27.84 mmol (extra sig. figs.)
At equivalence point
(V)(0.15) = (32.00)(0.87)
V = 185.6 mL HCl (extra sig. figs)
mmol ethanolamine used up = mmol conjugate acid produced = 27.84 mmol
[BH+] = 27.84 mmol/(32.00 mL + 185.6 mL) = 0.13 M
Ka = x2/F
Solve for x = 6.4 x 10-6 M = [H+]
pH = - log(6.4 x 10-6) = 5.19

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