International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 3 Issue 5, August 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Power Flow Control in Power System using

Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)
Mr. Gautam Shah1, Mr. Durgesh Vishwakarma2
1M.Tech
Scholar, 2Assistant Professor
1,2EX Department, REC Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

How to cite this paper: Mr. Gautam Shah | ABSTRACT

Mr. Durgesh Vishwakarma "Power Flow In modern times, due to the increasing demand for energy as the transmission
Control in Power System using Thyristor network expands, the transmission line must operate under a loaded condition
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)" and there is a risk of current drain control and voltage instability. This
Published in document proposes the control of energy in a network of power supply
International systems by including TCSC and SVC devices. The TCSC is a series compensated
Journal of Trend in device to reduce the reactance of the transmission line to improve the current
Scientific Research through it, while the SVC is a bypass compensated device and improves the
and Development voltage profile. This article presents a systematic procedure for modeling and
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- simulation with MATLAB / SIMULINK (set of blockers for the Simpower
6470, Volume-3 | system). The optimal location of the TCSC and SVC device is considered for the
IJTSRD25197
Issue-5, August control of the power flow and the voltage stability limit. The proposed
2019, pp.8-13, approach is implemented in an 11-state test system model of four two-state
https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd25197 machines and the simulated result is presented to validate the proposed test
case system. In this paper performance of TCSC and SVC, the device is analyzed
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and and compared with the simulated result for better control of the power flow in
International Journal of Trend in Scientific the power system.
Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed KEYWORDS: FACTS devices (TCSC, SVC), Two-area 11 bus test system model,
under the terms of MATLAB/SIMULINK, Modelling of SVC and TCSC
the Creative
Commons Attribution I. INTRODUCTION
License (CC BY 4.0) The modern and interconnected energy system of today is very complex in
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by nature. One of the most important requirements during the operation of the
/4.0) electrical system is reliability and stability.

Maintaining the stability of this interconnected multiple-area critical buses in the system (controllers connected in bypass)
energy system has become an uncomfortable task. To counter and regulate the flow of current in critical lines (with
these problems, FACTS devices (flexible AC transmission controllers connected in series) [2]. The need for these power
system) have been proposed [1]. Technology, such as a flow controllers that can increase the transmission power
flexible AC transmission system (FACTS), can help you find and control the power flows is increasing. [3]
the solution. The data devices provide voltage support for

II. TCSC & SVC FACTs Controller

The series of capacitors are installed in series with a transmission line, which means that all equipment must be installed on a
fully insulated platform. The most important device of the FACTS group is a TCSC, which finds application in solving many
problems in the power supply system. Its properties can increase the transmission capacity of power lines and regulate energy
flow. A TCSC is a series-controlled capacitive ballast that can offer continuous control of the power in the AC line over a wide
range. From the point of view of the system, the principle of variable series compensation is simply to increase the fundamental
frequency voltage via a fixed capacitor (FC) in a line that is compensated in series by the appropriate variation of the firing angle

(a) SVC can be defined as a generator of static var coupled in derivation or an absorber whose output is adjusted to exchange
capacitive or inductive current to maintain or control specific parameters of the electric power system (usually bus voltage).
SVCs are mainly used in power supply systems to control the voltage or to improve the stability of the system. This is a general
term for a reactor controlled by thyristors or with thyristor switching and / or a capacitor with thyristor switching or combined
use to absorb reactive power and supply reactive power [10].

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III. TWO-AREA TEST SYSTEM MODEL WITH SVC FACT DEVICE
To access the effectiveness of the developed SVC model, an 11-bus electrical power system, a two-area test system, an area 1 and
a system 2 are used. Figure 3 shows the diagram of a single proposed line of 11 systems bus power supply with the SVC shunt
fact device installed under consideration.

Fig.3. Two-area Four-machine 11-bus power system with shunt FACT device SVC.

All relevant parameters are listed in the appendix. The 13.8 kV source voltages are connected through a 290 km transmission
line through three-phase step-up transformers. The system consists of two transformer output voltages of 500KV equivalent,
1000MVA and 4200MVA respectively in each area, connected by a 290 km transmission line. The loads in each 30KW area are
selected to show the actual energy flow in the transmission line from area 1 to 2. The load center of approximately 60 kW is
modeled where the active and reactive power absorbed by the load it is a function of the system voltage.

IV. SIMULATION RESULTS OF SVC

The SVC parameters of the control block represent the SVC susceptibility, the actual voltage and the measured value, and also the
measured value of the reactive power SVC. In this thesis, the SVC only works in the voltage control mode and has obtained all the
SVC data in this mode. It is shown in the following figures. The figure Variation of the SVC measure and the real value of B, V and
Qm. The SVC FACT bypass device installed in the 11 bus system to find the active and reactive power supply in all the buses, the
power in buses B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10 and B11 are calculated, the variations in the total active reactive power are
shown in figure 4.3 figure 4.4 figure 4.5 and figure 4.6.

Fig.4.1 Block represent Active power (P) of all buses and the sum of total power at buses (with SVC Connected at
Bus 9)

Fig.4.2 Variation of SVC measure and Actual value of susceptance (B), voltage (V) and reactive power (Qm).

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Fig.4.3 Active power (P) of all buses and sum of total active power at the buses with SVC connected at bus 9.

Fig.4.4 Reactive power (Q) of all buses and sum of total reactive power at the buses if SVC Connected at Bus 9.

Fig.4.5 Bus voltage control by SVC controller at different buses and sum of total voltage.

Fig.4.6 Bus current of SVC device at different buses and sum of total bus current.

V. SIMULATION RESULTS OF TCSC

The TCSC parameter blocks and the time curve show the TCSC voltage, the TCSC current, the active, reactive power, the TCSC
impedance and the firing angle is an illustration in Figure 22. For the first 0, 5 s, the TCSC is canceled in 0.5 s The TCSC starts to
control the impedance at 128Ω and this increases the power transfer, the TCSC starts with alpha at 900 to allow the least
disturbance of commutation in the line. In this article, the TCSC only works in capacitive mode and initially controls the firing
angle 900 from 0 to 0.5 seconds. After that it diminishes until 75.60 of 0.56 sec. At 2.5 sec. The capacitive mode starts in 2.5 to 5
seconds and the firing angle is constant and is maintained at this value 86.310, the TCSC impedance is 120.5Ω along the reference
value. 120.80 is shown in Figure 5.1.

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Fig. 5. TCSC parameter blocks.

Fig.5.1. TCSC injected Active, Reactive Power and TCSC regulates the impedance with respect to firing angle.

The TCSC device actually installed in the 11 bus system to find out the active power flow in all buses, the power in buses B1, B2,
B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B11 , Btcsc is calculated and the total power improved by TCSC is 1730 MW as shown in figure 5.3
and in figure 5.4

Fig.5.2 Active power (P) of all buses and sum of total active power at the buses.

Fig.5.3 Reactive power (Q) of all buses and sum of total reactive power at the buses.

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Fig.5.4 Graphical representation of bus voltage control by TCSC controller at different buses and sum of total
voltage

Fig. 5.5 Graphically represents the bus current at different buses and sum of all bus current.

SUMMARY OF SIMULATED RESULTS

The performance of the proposed model is analyzed and compared, when analyzing the TCSC the power flow in the
transmission line that is active and the reactive power can improve 437.3 MW, 2911 MVA compared to SVC -24.35 MW, 1165
MVA, also the TCSC 7,919 kV transmission line voltage compared to the SVC device. All TCSC data is obtained in the capacitive
operation mode and the SVC data is obtained only in the voltage control mode. According to the result, it has been found that in
an SVC and TCSC device, that is, the TCSC controller is more effective in controlling voltage and power current in the power
system network compared to the SVC controller. The bus data of the SVC and TCSC controller for Active, Reactive power,
Voltage and current in the buses are shown in Table 1.

TABLE1- COMPARISON BETWEEN TCSC AND SVC FOR P, Q, V AND I AT ALL THE BUSES
SVC TCSC SVC TCSC SVC TCSC SVC TCSC
BUSES
P(MW) P(MW) Q (MVAR) Q (MVAR) V (kV) V (KV) I (KA) I (KA)
B-1 -2.805 -120.3 45.39 -134.3 0.02848 0.02414 15.98 74.7
B-2 -8.044 -376.5 140.8 -414.8 0.02849 0.024 49.5 233.4
B-3 -3.327 111.7 34.25 318.6 0.02825 0.03305 12.18 102.2
B-4 -9.783 352.4 105 999.3 0.02827 0.03326 37.64 318.6
B-5 0.1773 -118.1 48.56 -128.6 1.035 0.8612 0.4691 202.7
B-6 1.104 -487.7 175.1 -540.5 1.038 0.8558 1.689 8.507
B-7 1.149 -487.4 465.8 -537.4 1.039 0.8472 1.597 8.563
B-8 0.5543 233.8 38.08 307.2 1.041 0.8012 0.3658 4.819
B-9 -1.309 482 319.5 701.9 1.029 0.7453 3.105 11.42
B-10 -1.347 481.3 1.29 133.3 1.028 1.229 1.255 11.53
B-11 0.3898 -115.9 -37.3 -329.7 1.027 1.221 0.3633 2.862
Btcsc - 482 - 1337 - 1.244 - 11.42
Total -24.35 437.3 1165 2911 7.348 7.919 124.1 778.6

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VII. CONCLUSION [3] T.J.E. Miller, Reactive Power Control in Electric Systems,
This article has been compared between the TCSC device and John Wiley (New York), 1982.
the SVC FACT device that is presented and discussed. In this
[4] R.M. Mathur, Editor, Static Compensators for Reactive
way, a capacitive compensation of the series is used to reduce
Power Control, Canadian Electrical Association,
the reactive impedance of the series to minimize the
Cantext Publications, Win- nipeg, 1984
variations of reception of the final voltage and the possibility
of voltage failure and the power of the power supply line can [5] K.R. Padiyar and R.K. Verma, “Damping Torque
be improved. In this article, an optimal positioning and sizing Analysis of Static Var System Controllers", IEEE Trans.,
of the TCSC apparatus is proposed to improve and control the Power Systems, v.6, n.2, 1991, pp.458-465
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[6] K.R.Padiyar and R.K.Verma, “Concepts of Static Var
very charged lines. A simulation result of the MATLAB /
System Control for Enhancing Power Transfer in Long
SIMULINK model of an 11-way power system of four two-
Transmission Lines", Electric machines and Power
way machines with two controllers with TCSC shows the
Systems, v.18, 1990, pp.337-358
effectiveness of TCSC to control the active and reactive power
through the transmission line. Therefore, it is concluded that [7] Electrical Power Systems Quality” by R.C Dugan,
the results were obtained with the TCSC and SVC device from McGraw-Hill Companies.
the simulation; A proposed TCSC device model is suitable for
[8] Priyanka Kathal, Arti Bhandakkar “ Power Flow Control
active and reactive control of the power flow, and control of
in Power System Using FACT Device Thyristor
the transmission line voltage is better than the SVC device.
Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)” Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering S.R.I.T Jabalpur,
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