PAPER BASED TEST SECTION 1 LISTENING COMPREHENSION ‘Time—approximately 35 minutes (including the reading of the directions for each part) In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand conversations and talks in English. There are three parts to this section. Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Do not take notes or write in your test book at any time. Do not turn the pages until you are told to do so. PartA Directions: In Part A you will hear short conversations between two people. After each conversation, you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Listen to an example. ‘Sample Answer On the recording, you hear: g (man) That exam was just awful. § (woman) Oh, it could have been worse. (narrator) What does the woman mean? In your test book, you read: (A) ‘The exam was really awful. (B). It was the worst exam she had ever seen. (©) Itcouldn’t have been more difficult. (D) It wasn’t that hard. ‘You learn from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very difficult and that the * woman disagreed with the man. The best answer to the question, “What does the woman mean?” is (D), “It wasn't that hard.” Therefore, the correct choice is (D). ®(A) B) {C) () . (A) (B) {C) (@) . (A) @) © @) PG ®) © () . (A) (B) (© (@) . (A) (B) (©) (@) . (A) (@) (c) @) (A) @) («c) () Carla does not live very far away. What Carla said was unjust. He does not fear what anyone says. Carla is fairly rude to others. She thinks it's an improvement. The fir trees in it are better. It resembles the last one. ‘ Itis the best the man has ever done. He graduated last in his class. He is the last person in his family to graduate. He doesn't believe he can improve gradually. He has finally finished his studies. He's surprised there were five dresses. Te was an unexpectedly inexpensive dress. He would like to know what color dress it was. The dress was not cheap. Leave the car somewhere else. Ignore the parking tickets. ‘Add more money to the meter. Pay the parking attendant. He does not like to hold too inany books at one time. There is no bookstore in his neighborhood. It's not possible to obtain the book yet. He needs to talk to someone at the bookstore, It was incomplete. It finished on time. It was about honor. It was too long. She needs to use the man's notes. Yesterday's physics class was quite boring. She took some very good notes in physics class. She would like to lend the man her notes. 10. i. 12, 13. 14. 15. @ (B) ©) @) (A) (B) © () (a) @®) © @) (A) (B) © @) (A) ®) © (D) (a) (@B) © (@) @) @®) © (D) It’s her birthday today. She's looking for a birthday gift. She wants to go shopping with her dad. She wants a new wallet for herself. He prefers cold water. His toes are too big. The pool felt quite refreshing. He didn't go fora swim, She just left her sister's house. Her sister is not at home. She's not exactly sure where her ‘sweater is. ‘She doesn’t know where her sister lives. She doesn’t have time to complete additional reports. She cannot finish the reports that she is already working on. She is scared of having responsibility for the reports. It is not time for the accounting reports to be compiled. He’s had enough exercise. He's going to give himself a reward for the bard work. He's going to stay on for quite some time, He would like to give the woman an exercise machine as a gift. He cannot see the huge waves. The waves are not coming in. He would like the woman to repeat what she said. He agrees with the woman. The exam was postponed. ‘The man should have studied harder. Night is the best time to study for exams. She is completely prepared for the exam. SNS emeCc16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 24. 22. 23. (a) (B) ©, (@) (A) (B) (c) (D) (a) (B) (©) () (A) (B) © @) (A) @®) () (D) (A) @) © (D) @ @®) «© () (a) (B) © (D) Students who want to change schedules should form a line. Itis only possible to make four changes in the schedule. Itis necessary to submit the form quickly. Problems occur when people don't wait their turn. Inamine Ina jewelry store Ina clothing store Ina bank A visit to the woman's family The telephone bill The cost of a new telephone How far away the woman's family lives She hasn't met her new boss yet. ‘She has a good opinion of her boss. Her boss has asked her about her impressions of the company. Her boss has been putting a lot of pressure on her, The recital starts in three hours. He intends to recite three different poems. He received a citation on the third of the month. He thinks the performance begins at three. Choose a new dentist Cure the pain himself Make an appointment with his dentist Ask his dentist about the right way to brush It is almost five o'clock. The man doesn't really need the stamps. It is a long way to the post office. It would be better to go after five o'clock. The article was placed on reserve. The woman must ask the professor fora copy. The woman should look through a number of journals in the library. He has reservations about the information in the article. 24, 26. 28. 29. 30. (a) (®) (c) «D) . (A) (B) © (@) (a) (B) © (dD) - (A) (B) (©) (D) @) (B) (©) () (A) (B) (c) (D) rc) (B) () @) He needs to take a nap. He hopes the woman will help him to calm down. The woman just woke him up. He is extremely relaxed. She doesn't think the news report is false. She has never before reported on the news. ‘She never watches the news on television. She shares the man’s opinion about the report. Management will offer pay raises on Friday. The policy has not yet been decided. The manager is full of hot air. The plane has not yet landed. He doesn’t believe that it is really snowing. The snow had been predicted. The exact amount of snow is unclear. He expected the woman to go out in the snow. She's going to take the test over again. She thinks she did « good job on the exam. She has not yet taken the literature exam. She's unhappy with how she did. The door was unlocked. It was better to wait outside. He could not open the door. He needed to take a walk. He nailed the door shut. He is heading home. He hit himself in the head. He is absolutely correct.PartB Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you will hear several questions. The conversations and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book. 31. 32, 33. 34. 35. A @) © (D) (a) @) © () (a) @) (c) () (a) (B) © @) a) (B) (©) @) The haircut is unusually short This is Bob's first haircut. Bob doesn't know who gave him the haircut. After the haircut, Bob’s hair still touches the floor. 36. He enjoys having the latest style. He dislikes it immensely. He thinks it will be cool in the summer. 38 Abroken mirror The hairstylist The scissors used to cut his hair Piles of his hair “You should become a hairstylist.” “Piease put it back on.” “Ill grow back.” “it won't grow fast enough.” Every evening Every week Every Sunday Every month 31. (a) (B) © (@) (a) @) © @) (a) (B) © @) That she was eighty-five years old That a storm was coming That she was under a great deal of pressure ‘That she wanted to become a weather forecaster In her bones Inher ears Inher legs In her head Call his great-grandmother less often Watch the weather forecasts with his great-grandmother Help his great-grandmother relieve some of her pressures Believe his great-grandmother’s predictions about the weatherPart C Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talk, you will hear some questions. The talks and questions will not be repeated. After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Here is an example. On the recording, you hear: (narrator) Listen to an instructor talk to his class about painting. (man) Antist Grant Wood was a guiding force in the school of painting known as American regionalist, a style reflecting the distinctive characteristics of art from rural areas of the United States. Wood began drawing animals on the family farm at the age of three, and when he was thirty-eight one of his paintings received a remarkable amount of public notice and acclaim. This painting, called “American Gothic,” is a starkly ‘simple depiction of a serious couple staring directly out at the viewer. Now listen to a sample question. ‘Sample Answer (narrator) What style of painting is known as American regionalist? ® In your test book, you read: (A) Art from America's inner cities ° (B) Art from the central region of the United States (©). Art from various urban areas in the United States (D) Art from rural sections of America ‘The best answer to the question, “What style of painting is known as American regionalist?" is (D), “art from rural sections of America.” Therefore, the correct choice is (D). Now listen to another sample question. Sample Answer (narrator) What is the name of Woods most successful painting? g In your test book, you read: (A) “American Regionalist” $s (B) “The Family Farm in Iowa” (C) “American Gothic” (D) “A Serious Couple” The best answer to the question, “What is the name of Wood's most successful painting?” is (C), “American Gothic.” Therefore, the correct choice is (C). rite in your test book. Remember; you are not allowed to take notes or39. 41. 42. 43. 45, (a) @) (C) @) (a) (By (c) (D) (A) (@) (C @) a) (B) (c) (D) w @) © @) ) (B) (© @) (A) @) (c) (D) Inacar 46. (A) Areading assignment Ona hike (B) Aquizon Friday Ona tram (C) Aresearch paper for the end of the Ina lecture hall ‘semester (D) Some written homework It means they have big tears. It means they like to swim. 47. (A). Writers It means they look like crocodiles. (B) Actors It means they are pretending to be (C) Athletes sad. (D). Musicians They are sad. 48. (A) He or she would see butterflies. ‘They are warming themselves. (B) He or she would break a leg. ‘They are getting rid of salt. (C) He orshe would have shaky knees. They regret their actions. (D) He or she would stop breathing. ‘Taking photographs 49. (A) By staring at the audience Getting closer to the crocodiles (B) By breathing shallowly Exploring the water's edge (C) By thinking about possible negative Getting off the tram ‘outcomes (D) By focusing on what needs to be done Water Sports Physics 50. (A) At two o'clock American History (B) At four o'clock Psychology (©) Atsix o'clock {D) Ateight o'clock To cut To move fast To steer a boat To build a ship To bring tea from China ‘To transport gold to California To trade with the British To sail the American river system. This is the end of Section 1. ‘Stop work on Section 1. Read the directions for Section 2 and begin work. Do NOT read or work on any other section of the test during the next 25 minutes.40 questions 25 minutes This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type. Structure Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentenées. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen. From 1949 onward, the artist Georgia 0” Keeffe: made New Mexico (A) her permanent residence was (©) permanent residence for her (B) where her permanent residence (D) her permanent residence 2, Just as remote-controlled satellites can be employed to explore outer space, employed to investigate the deep sea. (A) can be robots (C)can robots (B) robots can be (D) can robots that are 3.n people, the areas of the brain that control speech are located in the left hemisphere. (A) mostly of (©) almost the (B) most (D) the most of 4. Stars shine because of produced by the nuclear reactions taking place within them. (A) the amount of light and heat is (C) the amount of light and heat that it is (B) which the amount of light and heat (D) the amount of light and heat 5. is not clear to researchers. (A) Why dinosaurs having become extinct (© Did dinosaurs become extinet (B) Why dinosaurs became extinct (D) Dinosaurs became extinct 6.Although many people use the word “milk” to refer cow’s milk, to milk from any animal, including human milk and goat's milk (A) applying it also (© italso applies (B) applies also (D) but it also applies 7. The first transatlantic telephone cable system was not established 1956. (A) while (C)on (B) until (D) when 8. no two people think exactly alike, there will always be disagreement, but disagreement should not always be avoided; it can be healthy if handled creatively. (A) There are (©) That (B) Why (D) Because 9.Drinking water excessive amounts of fluorides may leave a stained or mottled effect on the enamel of teeth. (A) containing (©) contains (B) in which containing (D) that contain 10. In the 1820’s physical education became of the curriculum of Harvard and Yale Universities. (A) to be part (© was part (B) which was part (D) part 11,Pewter, __for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin, which copper or bismuth added for hardness. (A) was widely used (©) widely used (B) widely used it (D) which widely used 12. moth possesses two pairs of wings as single pair and are covered with dustlike scales. (A) function (C) that function (B) are functioning (D) but functions(8) sponsored often soap manufacturers EAL ORD SEAS Les OU TLAR CHE Ween 14.The Woolworth Building in New York was the highest in America when in 1943 and was famous for its use of Gothic decorative detail. (A) built (©) was built (B) it built (D) built it 15.Humans, , interact through communicative behavior by means of signs or symbols used conventionally. (A) like other animals . (© other animals that (B) how other animais (D) do other animals, Written Expression Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen, 16. More and 90 percent of the calcium in the human body is in the skeleton. 17. ane the most popular film in movie history, Star Wars was written and direction by George Laas. . . z 18. Some animal activities, such as mating, migration, and hibernate, have a yearly cycle. 19, Saas cme largely with exploring ce aeeee oe and fi describing distinctive features oindviduat places. q. 20. In his animated films, Walt Disney ceed sil Aha sicind act ke peope whlle reining its animal traits D 21. The first city in the United States that put into effect major plan for the elustering of government A B c buildings was Washington, D.C. D 22, In.a microwave oven, radiation penetrates food and is then absorbed primarily by water A B molecules, caused heat to spread through the food. c D 23.The cultures early of the genus Homo were generally distinguished by regular use of stone tools A B c and by a hunting and gathering economy. D 24. Dolphins are sleck and powerful swimmers that found in all seas and unlike porpoises have well defined, beaklike snouts and conical ‘teeth. ® “ 25. The velocity of a river is contrllad by the slope, the depth, and the tough of the riverbed. 26, The a record was ane mesensi medium for ctor see ition and reproduchag ound ® © Dgovernmental actions, and cultural traditions. 28.4 tiuia that might be a poor conductor when pure is often used to make solutions that readily transmits electricity. ‘ ° ° 29.The intl discovery by humans almost 10,000 years ago that they could exploit metallic mineral deposits was an. —_— ‘milestone in the development civilization. ® 30.18.1989 Tile Fowler Republican, became the fist member of party to serving as president of the city council of Jacksonville, Florida a 31. General anesthesia, which is usually used for major surgery, involves a complete loss of consciousness and a rice of the muscles. . 32. After first cite a planned sto eahoord, Euopean extlan i ‘North America developed a maritime and shipbuilding industry. D 33. The legs of a roadrunner are enough strong that it can run up to 24 kilometers per hour to catch A BOC D lizards and small rodents. 34, For the immune system of a newborn mammal to develop properly, the presence of the thymus A B Cc gland is essentially. 35, eee working in the field of public health are mainly concerned with the environmental causes of ill and tows eliminate them. . 36.By 1850, sae {from distance shores, as well as migration from the countryside, had caused New York City’s population to swell. . “ 37.By identifying similar words or ae in different languages, we find evidence that those A languages are related and may be derived from same ancestor. c D 38, Astronomers use photography and sighting telescopes to study the motions of all of the bright A B c stars and many of the faint one. 39In the nineteenth ee eee of Native American tribe, such as the Comanche; lived a nomadic existence hunting buffalo. “8 © 40. The average slow ion of West Virginia is about 1,500 foot above sea level. A B c DDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about it. For questions 1-50, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. ‘Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fillin the space that corresponds fo the {etter of the answer you have chosen. ‘Answer all questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. * Questions 1-10 ‘As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as Line _ farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, (5) _ vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached ‘from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation. Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in. (10) Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to ‘would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items. Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the (15) competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants’ side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in (20) addition to general stores selling a variety of goods. ‘One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the (25) capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Philadelphia's agricutture importance (B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center (C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia (0) The administration of the city of Philadelphia 2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because (A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets (8) the High Street Market was forced to close (C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population (0) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms. 10—————————— (A) the crowded city (8) a radius (C) the High Street Market (D) the period 5. The word "persisted" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) retumed (B) started (C) declined (0) continued 6. According to the passage, fairs in Philadelphia were held (A) on the same day as market says (B) as often as possible (C) a couple of times a year + (O) whenever the government allowed it 7. Itcan be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that (A) retail merchants were not willing to sell (B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia (C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia (D) could easily be transported 8. The word “eradicate” inline 16 is closest in meaning to (A) eliminate (8) exploit (C) organize (D) operate 9. What does the author mean by stating in line 17 that "economic development was on the merchants’ side"? (A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion. (8) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper. (C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence (0) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful 10. The word “undergoing” in line 22 is closest in meaning to (A) requesting (B) experiencing (C) repeating (©) including Questions 11-22 Aviculturists, people who raise birds for commercial sale, have not yet learned how to simulate the natural incubation of parrot eggs in the wild. They continue to look for better ways to increase egg production and to improve chick survival rates. Line When parrots incubate their eggs in the wild, the temperature and humidity of the (5) nest are controlled naturally. Heat is transferred from the bird's skin to the top portion of the eggshell, leaving the sides and bottom of the egg at a cooler temperature: This ; temperature gradient may be vital to successful hatching. Nest construction can. contribute to this temperature gradient Nests of loosely arranged sticks, rocks, or dirt are cooler in temperature at the bottom where the egg contacts the nesting material (10) Such nests also act as humidity regulators by allowing rain to drain into the bottom: sections of the nest so that the eggs are not irect contact with the water. As the water that collects in the bottom of the nest evaporates, the water vapor rises and is heated by the incubating bird, which adds significant humidity to the incubation environment. (15) In artificial incubation programs, aviculturists remove eggs from the nests of parrots and incubate them under laboratory conditions. Most commercial incubators heat the eggs fairly evenly from top to bottom, thus ignoring the bird's method of natural incubation, and perhaps reducing the viability and survivability of the hatching chicks. ‘When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors (20) tose as nests in which to place eggs. In areas where weather can become cold after eggs are laid, it is very important to maintain a deep foundaton of nesting material to act as insulator against the cold bottom of the box. If eggs rest against the wooden 44Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest. 11. What is the main idea of the passage? (A) Nesting material varies according to the parrots’ environment. (8) Humidity is an important factor in incubating parrots' eggs. (C) Avicutturists have constructed the ideal nest box for parrots. (D) Wild parrots’ nests provide information iseful for artificial incubation. 12. The word "They" in line 2 refers to (A) avicutturists (B) birds (C) eggs (0) rates 13. According to paragraph 2, when the temperature of the sides and bottom of the egg are cooler than the top, then (A) there may be a good chance for successful incubation (B) the embryo will not develop normally (C) the incubating parent moves the egg to a new position. (0) the incubation process is slowed down 14. According to paragraph 2, sticks, rocks, or dirt are used to (A) soften the bottom of the nest for the newly hatched chick (B) hold the nest together (C) help lower the temperature at the bottom of the nest (D) make the nest bigger 18. According to paragraph 2, the construction of the nest allows water to (A) provide a beneficial source of humidity in the nest, (B) loosen the materials at the bottom of the nest {C) keep the nest in a clean condition (D) touch the bottom of the eggs 16. All of the following are part of a parrot's incubation method EXCEPT (A) heating the water vapor as it rises from the bottom of the nest (B) arranging nesting material at the bottom of the nest (C) transferring heat from the parent to the top of the eggshell (0) maintaining a constant temperature on the eggshell 17. The word "suspend" in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) build (B) paint (C)hang (0) move 18. The word “fatal” in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) close (8) deadly (C) natural (hot 19. The word "secure" in line 27 is closest in meaning to (A) fresh (8) dry (C) safe (D) warm 20. According to paragraph 3, a deep foundation of nesting material provides (A) a constant source of humidity (B) a'strong nest box (C) more room for newly hatched chicks (D) protection against cold weather 21. Which of the following is a problem with commercial incubators? (A) They lack the natural temperature changes of the outdoors. (B) They are unable to heat the eggs evenly (C) They do not transfer heat to the egg in the same way the parent bird does. (D) They are expensive to operate. 12Questions 23-33 ‘The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders, The most abundant particles — sang, silt, and ctay — are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the Line composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls. (5) Tomeasure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight. In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; (1) cast, a lump formed by squeezing (10) sample in a clenched fist; (2) thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and (3) ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the (15) amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded. Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered (20) through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the (25) basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water .Since clays settle so slowly, they are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed 23. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Characteristics of high quality soil (B) Particles typically found in most soils (C) How a high clay content affects the texture of soil (D) Ways to determine the texture of soil . The author mentions “several representative handfuls" in line 4 in order to show (A) the range of soil samples (8) the process by which soil is weighed (C) the requirements for an adequate soil sample (0) how small soil particles are 25. The phrase "sorted out in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) mixed (8) replaced (C) carried (D) separated 26. It can be inferred mat the names of the three basic shapes mentioned in paragraph 2 reflect (A) the way the soil is extracted” (B) the results of squeezing the soil (C} the need io chack more than one handful —__(D) the difficulty of forming different shapes28. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about a soil sample with little or no clay in it? (A) Itis not very heavy. (8) It may not hold its shape when molded. (C) Its shape is durable (0) Its texture cannot be classified 29. The Word "they" in line 23 refers to (A) categories. (B) sieves (C) larger particles (0) clay particles 30. It can be inferred from the passage that the sediment determining soil texture because /e has an advantage over the hand test in (A) using the sieve takes less time (8) the sieve can measure clay {C) less training is required to use the sieve (D) the sieve allows for a more exact measure 34. During the procedure described in paragraph 3, when clay patticies are placed into water they {A) stick to the sides of the water container (8) take some time to sink to the bottom {C) separate into different sizes {D) dissolve quickly 32, The word "fine" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) tiny (B) many (C) excellent (0) various 33. All of the following words are defined in the passage EXCEPT (A) texture (line 3) (B) ribbon (line 11) (C) sediment sieves (line 19) (0) evaporated (line 27) Questions 34-43 A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with 2 group or an individual, and specialized Line communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through (8) choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person's tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and (10) feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversant's tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of ‘concem or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and for (15) gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer's skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication. Second, the voice gives psychological clues to @ person's self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is (20) confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener's receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the (25) speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities 14oh Cas Oe Pe es Saas (A) The function of the voice in performance (B) The connection between voice and personality (C) Communication styles (D) The production of speech 35. What does the author mean by staring that, "At interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings ‘over and above the words chosen’ (lines 9-10)? (A) Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are, (B) The tone of voice can camry information beyond the meaning of words. (C) A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication. (D) Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas. 36. The word "Here" in line 10 refers to (A) interpersonal interactions (B) the tone (C) ideas and feelings (0) words chosen 37. The word "derived in line 15 is closest in meaning to (A) discussed (B) prepared (C) registered (D) obtained 38. Why does the author mention “artistic, political, or pedagogic communication” in line 17? (A) As examples of public performance (B) As examples of basic styles of communication {C) To contrast them to singing (0) To introduce the idea of self-image 39. According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice, may be an indication of a person's (A) general physical health (8) personal (C) ability to communicate (0) vocal quaiity ‘40. According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide (A) hostility (B) shyness, (C) friendliness (D) strength 41. The word “drastically” in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) frequentty {B) exactly (C) severely (0) easily ues 42. The word "evidenced’ in line 25 is closest in meaning to (A) questioned (B) repeated (C) indicated (D) exaggerated 43. According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate? (A) Lethargy (B) Depression (C) Boredom (0) Anger Questions 44-50 As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United ‘States increased The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic Line life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling ©) increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society. The arrival of a great wave of southern and easter European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal (10) schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were (15) sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses, and other agencies. Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should 15women was the home. Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, ‘American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home, in the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, ‘overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rathér than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemakers cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children (30) “efficiently” in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date ‘44, It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was (A) the growing number of schools in frontier communities (B) an increase in the number of trained teachers (C) the expanding economic problems of schools (O) the increased urbanization of the entire country 45. The word “means” in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) advantages (8) probability (C) method (©) qualifications, 46. The phrase “coincided with” in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) was influenced by (B) happened at the same time as (C) began to grow rapidly (D) ensured the success of 4T. According to the passage, one important change in United States education by the 1920's was that (A) most places required children to attend school (B) the amount of time spent on formal education was limited (C) new regulaiions were imposed on nontraditional education (D) adults and children studied in the same classes 48. Vacation schools and extracurricular activities are mentioned in lines 11-12 to illustrate (A) alternatives to formal education provided by public schools (B) the importance of educational changes (C) activities that competed to attract new immigrants to their programs, (D) the increased impact of public schools on students. 49. According to the passage, early-twentieth century education reformers believed that (A) different groups needed different kinds of education (B) special programs should be set up in frontier communities to modernize them (C) corporations and other organizations damaged educational progress (D) more women should be involved in education and industry 50. The word “it in line 24 refers to (A) consumption (B) production (C) homemaking (D) education THIS IS THE END OF THE READING COMPREHENSION SECTION OF TOEFL IF YOU FINISH BEFORE 55 MINUTES HAS ENDED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 3 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. END OF TOEFL MODEL TEST 1. 16