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Phylum Porifera - : Sycon, Spongilla, Euspongia

The document describes the key characteristics of different phyla within the kingdom Animalia. It covers defining features of sponges, cnidarians, ctenophores, flatworms, roundworms, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates. It also provides examples of common organisms from each phylum.

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407 views8 pages

Phylum Porifera - : Sycon, Spongilla, Euspongia

The document describes the key characteristics of different phyla within the kingdom Animalia. It covers defining features of sponges, cnidarians, ctenophores, flatworms, roundworms, annelids, arthropods, molluscs, echinoderms, hemichordates, and chordates. It also provides examples of common organisms from each phylum.

Uploaded by

Crazy about Jungles
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Phylum Porifera –

- Marine.
- Multicellular, cellular grade body.
- Asymmetrical.
- Water canal system for food, respiration and excretion.
- Body wall with many pores – Ostia.
-
- Diploblastic.
- Water enters through Ostia and goes out through Osculum.
- Skeleton of spicules or spongin fibres.
- Hermaphrodite.
- Reproduction asexual by fragmentation and sexual by gametes.
- Fertilisation is internal, development indirect.
- eg. Sycon, Spongilla, Euspongiaetc.
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria) –

- Aquatic (marine), Sessile or free living.


- Presence of Cnidoblasts or Cnidocytes – Stinging cells.
- Cnidoblasts are for defence, anchorage or predation.
- Tissue level body organisation.
- Diploblastic.
- Central gastro vascular cavity, single opening mouth.
- Two body forms – Polyp (Asexual), Medusa (Sexual) stage.

-
eg Hydra, Physalia, Obelia, Aurelia etc

Phylum Ctenophora (sea walnuts or comb jellies) –

- Marine, radial symmetry, Diploblastic, tissue grade.

- Eight external rows of Comb Plates.

- Bioluminescence.

- eg. Ctenoplana, Pleurobrachia etc.

- Reproduction sexual.

Phylum Platehelminthes (Flat worms) –

- Body dorsiventrally flattened.

- Endoparasite.

- Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry.

- Acoelomate
-
-Flame cells- for excretion & osmoregulation.

-
-Flame cells- for excretion & osmoregulation.

- Hermaphrodite

- Reproduction – Sexual - Fertilisation internal.

- Organ level organisation.

- eg. Taeniasolium(Tape worm), Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke).

Phylum Aschelminthes (Round Worm) –

- Free living or parasitic, aquatic and terrestrial. Bilateral symmetry and Triploblastic.

- Pseudocoelomate. Muscular pharynx.

- Male smaller and thinner than female. Fertilisation internal, development direct or indirect.

-
eg. Ascarislumbricoides, Wucherariabancroftiietc.

Phylum Annelida –

- Aquatic or terrestrial.

- Free living or parasitic.

- Organ system level body bilateral symmetry and Triploblastic coelomate.

- Nephridia for excretion.

- Ventral double Nerve cord.

- Monoecious or Dioecious.

-
Reproduction – Sexual. eg.

- Earthworm(Pheretima),Nereis etc.
- Metameric segmentation.

Phylum Arthropoda( Jointed Legs) –

- Largest phylum.

- Bilateral symmetry, Triploblastic, segmented coelomate.

- Body - Head, Thorax and Abdomen(three parts).

- Blood without haemoglobin and circulatory system open.

- Respiration by gills, book lungs and trachea.

- Excretion by malpighian tubules.

Phylum Mollusca –

- Soft body animals. Second largest phylum.

- Aquatic, bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomate. Body unsegmented divided into head,
muscular foot and visceral hump.

- Soft mantle over visceral hump. Respiration and excretion through gills.

-
Unisexual.

- Sensory tentacles on head and Radula in mouth.

- Oviparous.

- -eg.Pila, Octopus etc

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA

- Body surface spiny, (due to calcareous ossicles)


- Marine , organ system level, adult radially symmetrical, triploblastic coelomate.

Mouth ventral

1 Water vascular system present for locomotion, capture and transport of food and respiration.

2 Sexes separate fertilization external, development indirect

- e.g. Asterias (Starfish), Sea urchin (Echinus), etc.

PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA

1 Marine

2 Bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, coelomate

3 Body

i Proboscis

ii Collar

iii Trunk

4 Circulatory system open

5 Gills for respiration

6 Proboscis gland for excretion

Sexes separate fertilization external, development indirect, e.g. Balanoglossus.

PHYLUM- CHORDATA
Distinguishing features

1 Presence of Notochord

Dorsal hollow nerve cord


2

3 Paired pharyngeal gills slits

4 Post anal tail present

5 Heart is ventral
SUB PHYLA –

1 Urochordata or Tunicata, Notochord only in larval tail e.g. Ascidia

2 Cephalochordata notochord head to tail in all stage e.g. Branchiostoma

Vertebrata: Notochord replaced by a vertebral column.


3

SUB PHYLUM- VERTEBRATA


AGNATHA-without jaw

CLASS- Cyclostomata-

Ectoparasite on fish

- C ircular mouth

- No scales and paired fins

-
Marine but go in fresh water for spawning and die. Larva returns to ocean.

- Eg. Petromyzon, Myxine.

Gnathostomata – with jaws


Class - Chondrichthyes

- Aquatic and terrestrial both.

- Two pairs of limbs.

- No neck.

- Body has head and trunk only.

- No external ear, tympanum on surface.

- Heart three chambered.

- Cloaca present.

- Respiration by gills, skin and lungs.

- Sexes separate.

- Fertilisation external, development direc


- eg. Ranatigrina, Bufo, Hyla etc.

Class Reptilia –
- Creeping or crawling mode of locomotion.

- Skin with scales/scutes.

- Tympanum on surface.

- Heart three chambered (Four chambered in crocodile).

Fertilisation internal, development direct.


-

- eg. Chelone, Testudo, Naja, Hemidactylus etc.

Class Aves –
-
presence of feather, beak and forelimb in form of wing.

-
Hind limb adapted to clasping, walking and swimming.

-
No glands on skin (only oil gland at tail base).

-
Hollow bones (pneumatic).

-
Air sacs connected to lungs to supplement respiration.

-
Crop and gizzard are additional chambers in digestive system.

-
Warm blooded.

-
Heart four chambered.

- Sexes separate.

- Fertilisation internal and development direct.eg.

- Columba, Psittacula etc.

Class Mammalia –
-
Aquatic, terrestrial and aerial.

-
Mammary glands present for milk production.

- Two pairs of limbs.

- Skin with hair.


- Ear with pinna.

- Homoiothermic.

- Heart four chambered.

-
Excretion by kidneys.

- .Sexes separate.

Internal fertilisation, vivipary (exception Platypus).

- eg. Whale, Rat , Man, Tiger etc.

- Respiration by lungs

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