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History of Electronics

The document summarizes the history and key inventions in electronics technology: 1) In 1906, Lee De Forest developed the vacuum tube, which amplified radio signals and enabled radio broadcasting and early digital computers. 2) In 1947, the transistor was invented by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley at Bell Labs, replacing vacuum tubes and making electronics smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. Transistors use semiconductors that carry electric current with electrons and "holes". 3) By the late 1950s, integrated circuits were developed independently by Kilby at Texas Instruments and Noyce at Fairchild, integrating multiple circuit elements onto a single silicon chip. This allowed for miniaturization and made

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62 views

History of Electronics

The document summarizes the history and key inventions in electronics technology: 1) In 1906, Lee De Forest developed the vacuum tube, which amplified radio signals and enabled radio broadcasting and early digital computers. 2) In 1947, the transistor was invented by Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley at Bell Labs, replacing vacuum tubes and making electronics smaller, cheaper, and more reliable. Transistors use semiconductors that carry electric current with electrons and "holes". 3) By the late 1950s, integrated circuits were developed independently by Kilby at Texas Instruments and Noyce at Fairchild, integrating multiple circuit elements onto a single silicon chip. This allowed for miniaturization and made

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Electronics comprises the physics, engineering, technology and

applications that deal with the emission, flow and control


of electrons in vacuum and matter. Electronics is widely used in information
processing, telecommunication, and signal processing. The ability of
electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information-processing
possible.

Invention of the Vacuum tubes

In 1906 Lee De Forest, an American engineer,


developed a type of vacuum tube that was capable
of amplifying radio signals. De Forest added a grid
of fine wire between the cathode and anode of the
two-electrode thermionic valve constructed by
Fleming. The vacuum tube permitted the
development of radio broadcasting, long-distance
telephone, television, and the first electronic digital
computers. These early electronic computers
were, in fact, the largest vacuum-tube systems
ever built.

Invention of the transistor

The invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain,


and William B. Shockley of the Bell research staff provided the first of a
series of new devices with remarkable potential for expanding the utility of
electronic equipment. Transistors, along with such subsequent
developments as integrated circuits, are made of crystalline solid materials
called semiconductors, which have electrical properties that can be varied
over an extremely wide range by the addition of minuscule quantities of other
elements. The electric current in semiconductors is carried by electrons,
which have a negative charge, and also by “holes,” analogous entities that
carry a positive charge. The availability of two kinds of charge carriers in
semiconductors is a valuable property exploited in many electronic devices
made of such materials.
The first transistor, invented by American physicists John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain,
and William B. Shockley.

Invention of the Integrated circuits

By 1960 vacuum tubes were rapidly being supplanted by transistors,


because the latter had become less expensive, did not burn out in service,
and were much smaller and more reliable. Computers employed hundreds
of thousands of transistors each. This fact, together with the need for
compact, lightweight electronic missile-guidance systems, led to the
invention of the integrated circuit (IC) independently by Jack Kilby of Texas
Instruments Incorporated in 1958 and by Jean Hoerni and Robert
Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation in 1959. Kilby is usually
credited with having developed the concept of integrating device and circuit
elements onto a single silicon chip, while Noyce is given credit for having
conceived the method for integrating the separate elements. The integrated
circuit allowed for the miniaturization of electronic devices, which makes most of
our modern consumer electronic devices possible.
Courtesy of Texas Instruments.

This is all about the fundamental understanding of the electronics history.


This history of electronics technology costs greater investment of time,
efforts and talent from the real heroes, some of them are described below.
BICOL STATE COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY
Naga City

Introduction to
Industrial Arts
Topic: History of Electronics
CHRISTIAN H. DELLOVA
BTVTED-FSM IIA

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