International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 12 2018, 11921-11927

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

AIR FLOW DETECTOR

2
1
Dr.F.Emerson Soloman , J.Evangeline Cicelia
1,2
Assistant Professor
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering
2
Department of Mathematics
BIHER, BIST, Bharath University
Chennai- 6000073.
[email protected]

Abstract
Air flow detection is often necessary in many applications or systems where it is necessary to detect
the presence of air to have a descriptive picture of the proper functioning of the systems. This device
is generally used for high power density electronic devices to detect the rate of air flow inside it and
to prevent over heating of that device. This circuit can give a visual indication of the rate of air flow.
It can be also used to check whether there is air flow in a given space. variation of voltage across the
filament. These variations will be picked up by the op amp (LM339) and the brightness of the LED
at its output will be varied proportionally to the airflow.

I.INTRODUCTION
Air flow detector circuit is used for the detection of the flow of air. This circuit can be used for the visual
indication of the rate of air flow. This circuit can also be used to detecting the presence of air flow in the
given space or not.[1-5]

Air Flow Detector :

Here, a simple air flow detector circuit is developed which uses a resistance temperature detector as the
basic component. This circuit is based on two principles :Variation of resistance with temperature, ,Air as
an insulator. As current flows through the resistor, it gets heated up.[7-19] Now when air is made to flow
through the RTD, it being an insulator, allows the resistor to cool down. Thus resistance starts decreasing
and the voltage across the RTD decreases.

Air Flow Sensor:

This paper presents a micro-scale air flow sensor based on a free-standing cantilever structure. In the
fabrication process, MEMS techniques are used to deposit a silicon nitride layer on a silicon wafer. A
platinum layer is deposited on the silicon nitride layer to form a piezoresistor, and the resulting structure is
then etched to create a freestanding micro-cantilever.

Airflow Measurement:

Airflow measurement techniques, but it does not make recommendations for techniques that should be
used. The airflows that will be discussed are those within a room or zone, those between rooms or zones,
such as through doorways (open or closed) or passive events, those between the building and outdoors,

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and those through mechanical air distribution systems. Techniques that are highlighted include particle
streak velocimetry, hot wire anemometry, fan pressurization (measuring flow at a given pressure), tracer
gas, acoustic methods for leak size determination, the Delta Q test to determine duct leakage flows, and
flow hood measurements. Because tracer gas techniques are widely used to measure airflow, this topic is
broken down into sections as follows decay, pulse injection, constant injection, constant concentration,
passive sampling, and single and multiple gas measurements for multiple zones.[20-27]

Micro machined Thermal Flow Sensors:

Microfabrication has greatly matured and proliferated in use amongst many disciplines. There has been
great interest in micro machined flow sensors due to the benefits of miniaturization: low cost, small device
footprint, low power consumption, greater sensitivity, integration with on-chip circuitry, etc. This paper
reviews the theory of thermal flow sensing and the different configurations and operation modes available.
Material properties relevant to micro machined thermal flow sensing and selection criteria are also
presented. Finally, recent applications of micromachined thermal flow sensors are presented.

Thermal Flow Sensors:

Microfabrication has greatly matured and proliferated in use amongst many disciplines. There has been
great interest in micro machined flow sensors due to the benefits of miniaturization: low cost, small device
footprint, low power consumption, greater sensitivity, integration with on-chip circuitry, etc. This paper
reviews the theory of thermal flow sensing and the different configurations and operation modes available.
Material properties relevant to micro machined [28-32]thermal flow sensing and selection criteria are also
presented. Finally, recent applications of micro machined thermal flow sensors are presented. Detailed
tables of the reviewed devices are included.

Turbulence Measurements:

The first efforts towards building and testing a multicomponent Nano-Scale Thermal Anemometry Probe
(NSTAP) are reported for studies of high Reynolds number turbulence. An inclined NSTAP has been
fabricated and tested in a turbulent pipe flow over a range of Reynolds numbers and it is shown to be in
good agreement with available data. Specifically, the results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing
the inclined NSTAP design in wall-bounded turbulence at high Reynolds number. [33-38]Hot-wires
continue to be the method of choice for turbulence measurements, primarily because they yield time-
resolved data with relatively good temporal and spatial resolution. With increasing Reynolds number,
however, the finite size of the wires limits the range of scales that can be fully resolved.

Air Flow Sensor:

The device is based on a fiber optic sensing technique allowing (a) the immunity to light intensity
variations independent by measure and and (b) the reduction of typical shortcomings affecting all
biomedical fields (electromagnetic interference and patient electrical safety). The sensing principle is
based on the measurement of transversal displacement of an emitting fiber-optic cantilever due to action of
air flow acting on it; the fiber tip displacement is measured by means of a photodiode linear array, placed
in front of the entrance face of the emitting optical fiber in order to detect its light intensity profile. As the
measurement system is based on a detection of the illumination pattern, and not on an intensity modulation
technique, it results less sensitive to light intensity fluctuation independent by measurand than intensity-
based sensors. The considered technique is here adopted in order to develop two different configurations
for an air flow sensor suitable for the measurement of air flow rates typically occurring during mechanical

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ventilation of newborns: a mono-directional and a bi-directional transducer have been proposed. A

mathematical model for the air flow sensor is here proposed and a static calibration of two different
arrangements has been performed: a measurement range up to 3.00 × 10(-4) m(3)∕s (18.0 l∕min) for the
mono-directional sensor and a measurement range of ±3.00 × 10(-4) m(3)∕s (±18.0 l∕min) for the bi-
directional sensor are experimentally evaluated, according to the air flow rates normally encountered
during tidal breathing of infants with a mass lower than 10 kg. Experimental data of static calibration
result in accordance with the proposed theoretical model: for the mono-directional configuration, the
coefficient of determination r(2) is equal to 0.997; for the bi-directional configuration, the coefficient of
determination r(2) is equal to 0.990 for positive flows (inspiration) and 0.988 for negative flows
(expiration). Measurement uncertainty δQ of air flow rate has been evaluated by means of the propagation
of distributions and the percentage error in the arrangement of bi-directional sensor ranges from a
minimum of about 0.5% at -18.0 l∕min to a maximum of about 9% at -12.0 l∕min.

Flow Sensors:

Microfabrication has greatly matured and proliferated in use amongst many disciplines. There has been
great interest in micromachined flow sensors due to the benefits of miniaturization: low cost, small device
footprint, low power consumption, greater sensitivity, integration with on-chip circuitry, etc. This paper
reviews the theory of thermal flow sensing and the different configurations and operation modes available.
Material properties relevant to micromachined thermal flow sensing and selection criteria are also
presented. Finally, recent applications of micromachined thermal flow sensors are presented. Detailed
tables of the reviewed devices are included.[39-45]

CONCLUSIONS:

Thus the circuit can give a visual indication of the rate of air flow. This device can also be used to check
whether there is air flow in a given space. The filament of incandescent bulb is the sensing part of the
filament. When there is no air flow the resistance of the filament will be high. Thus the air flow is detected
and as an output the LED indicates.

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