ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

College of Engineering
Chemical Engineering Department
San Marcelino St., Ermita, Manila 1000

BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Section: 51079

CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL BASICS

Questions and Answers

Submitted by:

GROUP 7

De Jesus, Maridolp PB R.

Tan, Deannah C.

Taguba, Iana Kolline A.

Submitted to:

Engr. Albert Evangelista

August 23, 2019

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

GROUP 7: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHAPTER 2: AN OVERVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL BASICS

QUESTIONS:

1. ______ are the most abundant organic molecules in living cells, constituting 40% to 70%
of their dry weight.
(A.) Carbohydrates
(B.) Lipids
(C.) Proteins
(D.) Nucleic Acids

2. The _______ are the building blocks of proteins and contain at least one carboxyl group
and one a-amino group.
(A.) Fats
(B.) Nucleotides
(C.) Fatty Acids
(D.) Amino Acids

3. _________ are proteins that bind to particular molecules or portions of large molecules
with a high degree of specificity.
(A.) Antibodies
(B.) Antigen
(C.) Precipitin
(D.) Abzymes

4. ______ play key roles as structural and storage compounds in cells.

(A.) Carbohydrates
(B.) Lipids
(C.) Proteins
(D.) Nucleic Acids

5. ______ are the smallest carbohydrates and contain three to nine carbon atoms.
(A.) Monosaccharides
(B.) Disaccharides
(C.) Oligosaccharides
(D.) Polysaccharides

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

6. ______ are formed by the condensation of more than two monosaccharides by glycosidic
bonds.
(A.) Monosaccharides
(B.) Disaccharides
(C.) Oligosaccharides
(D.) Polysaccharides

7. ______ are hydrophobic biological compounds that are insoluble in water, but soluble in
nonpolar solvents such as benzene, chloroform, and ether.
(A.) Carbohydrates
(B.) Lipids
(C.) Proteins
(D.) Nucleic Acids

8. The major component in most lipids is ________, which are made of a straight chain of
hydrocarbon (hydrophobic) groups, with a carboxyl group (hydrophilic) at the end.
(A.) Fats
(B.) Nucleotides
(C.) Fatty Acids
(D.) Amino Acids

9. ______ play the central role in reproduction of living cells.

(A.) Carbohydrates
(B.) Lipids
(C.) Proteins
(D.) Nucleic Acids

10. ______ are the building blocks of DNA and RNA and also serve as molecules to store
energy and reducing power.
(A.) Fats
(B.) Nucleotides
(C.) Fatty Acids
(D.) Amino Acids

11. The major function of ___ is to carry genetic information in its base sequence.
(A.) DNA
(B.) RNA
(C.) mRNA
(D.) Trna

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

12. ______ plays a central role in protein synthesis.

(A.) DNA
(B.) RNA
(C.) mRNA
(D.) Trna

13. The formation of RNA molecules from DNA is known as DNA _______.
(A.) Transcription
(B.) Translation
(C.) Transferring
(D.) Transcribing

14. The formation of peptides and proteins from RNA is called _______.
(A.) Transcription
(B.) Translation
(C.) Transferring
(D.) Transcribing

15. Naturally occurring _______ are hormones that are important regulators of animal
development and metabolism at very low concentrations.
(A.) Cholesterol
(B.) Lipids
(C.) Cortisone
(D.) Steroids

16. The ________ of a protein is its linear sequence of amino acids.

(A.) Primary Structure
(B.) Secondary Structure
(C.) Tertiary Structure
(D.) Quaternary Structure

17. The ________ is the way the polypeptide chain is extended and is a result of hydrogen
bonding between residues not widely separated.
(A.) Primary Structure
(B.) Secondary Structure
(C.) Tertiary Structure
(D.) Quaternary Structure

18. The folding or bending of an amino acid chain induced by interaction between R groups
determines the _______ of proteins.
(A.) Primary Structure
(B.) Secondary Structure

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(C.) Tertiary Structure

(D.) Quaternary Structure

19. Interactions among polypeptide chains determine the _____ of proteins.

(A.) Primary Structure
(B.) Secondary Structure
(C.) Tertiary Structure
(D.) Quaternary Structure

20. _______ are esters of fatty acids with glycerol.

(A.) Fats
(B.) Nucleotides
(C.) Fatty Acids
(D.) Amino Acids

21. _______ have similar structures to fats, the only difference being that phosphoric acid
replaces a fatty acid and is esterified at one end to glycerol.
(A.) Phospholipids
(B.) Lipids
(C.) Phosphoglycerides
(D.) Glycerides

22. _______ is synthesized on the chromosome and carries genetic information from the
chromosome for synthesis of a particular protein to the ribosomes.
(A.) DNA
(B.) RNA
(C.) m-RNA
(D.) t-RNA

23. _______ is a relatively small and stable molecule that carries a specific amino acid from
the cytoplasm to the site of protein synthesis on ribosomes.
(A.) DNA
(B.) RNA
(C.) m-RNA
(D.) t-RNA

24. _______ is the major component of ribosomes, constituting nearly 65%.

(A.) DNA
(B.) r-RNA
(C.) m-RNA
(D.) t-RNA

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

25. ______ is the process of relating genetic blueprints to the structure and behavior of an
organism.
(A.) Functional genomics
(B.) Medical genomics
(C.) Genetics
(D.) Biochemical Genetics
26. Cells that grow best at low temperatures (below 20 0C) are called ______________.

(A.) Psychrophiles
(B.) Mesophiles
(C.) Thermophiles
(D.) Extremophiles
27. ________ are cells that require oxygen for growth and metabolism

(A.) aerobic
(B.) facultative anaerobic
(C.) facultative aerobic
(D.) A and C
28. A cell with a cylindrical shape is called ________.

(A.) Spirillum
(B.) Coccus
(C.) Bacillus
(D.) Cyanobacteria
29. ________ is the development of approaches to organize and summarize the our
knowledge about the variety of organisms that exist

(A.) Anatomy
(B.) Biology
(C.) Taxonomy
(D.) Engineering
30. _________ is the type of primary cell that has a simple structure with a single
chromosome and has no nuclear membrane and no organelles.

(A.) Procaryotic
(B.) Eucaryotic
(C.) Both A and B
(D.) NOTA

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

31. This type of primary cell has DNA molecules

(A.) Prokaryotic
(B.) Eukaryotic
(C.) Both A and B
(D.) NOTA
32. At a certain stage of viral reproduction, host cells lyse or break apart and phage particles
are released, which can infect new host cells. This mode of reproduction of viruses is called
__________.

(A.) Lysogenic cycle

(B.) Lytic Cycle
(C.) Virus Cycle
(D.) Oxygen Cycle
33. Names given to microorganisms are in __________.

(A.) Russian
(B.) English
(C.) Greek
(D.) Latin
34. _________ is a group of related species

(A.) Species
(B.) Family
(C.) Genus
(D.) Kingdom
35. _________ includes organisms that are substantially alike

(A.) Species
(B.) Family
(C.) Genus
(D.) Kingdom
36. _________ are viruses infecting bacteria

(A.) Virus
(B.) Bacteriophages
(C.) Actinomycetes
(D.) Streptomyces
37. ____________ are important sources of antibiotics

(A.) Virus
(B.) Bacteriophages

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

(C.) Actinomycetes
(D.) Streptomyces
38. Certain bacteria have a coating or outside cell wall called ___________.

(A.) Volutin
(B.) Capsule
(C.) Spores
(D.) Storage granules
39. ____________ carry out oxidative reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide.

(A.) Glyoxysomes
(B.) Peroxisomes
(C.) Lysosomes
(D.) Vacuoles
40.______________ are membrane-bound organelles of low density and are responsible for
food digestion, osmotic regulation, and waste-product storage.

(A.) Glyoxysomes
(B.) Peroxisomes
(C.) Lysosomes
(D.) Vacuoles

41. These are the nutrients needed in concentrations larger than 10 -4 M.

(A.) Mininutrients
(B.) Macronutrients
(C.) Micronutrients
(D.) Supernutrients
42. These are microorganisms that utilize CO2 as their carbon source and oxidize inorganic
compound for energy.

(A.) Homotrophs
(B.) Heterotrophs
(C.) Chemotrophs
(D.) Autotrophs

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

43. Major growth factors include the following except for:

(A.) Minerals
(B.) Hormones
(C.) Amino Acids
(D.) Vitamins
44. For higher forms of life, these are needed to regulate metabolism.

(A.) Minerals
(B.) Hormones
(C.) Amino Acids
(D.) Vitamins
45. It is a growth media in which it contains specific amounts of pure chemical compounds
with known chemical compositions.

(A.) Known Media

(B.) Complex Media
(C.) Defined Media
(D.) Cell Media
46. A typical complex medium may contain:

(A.) Ketone
(B.) Glyceraldehyde
(C.) Peptone
(D.) Trace Elements
47. This trace element is commonly present in certain respiratory-chain components and
enzymes.

(A.) Chloride
(B.) Copper
(C.) Carbon
(D.) Oxygen
48. They stimulate growth and synthesis of some metabolites.

(A.) Trace elements

(B.) Growth Factor
(C.) Growth Media
(D.) Cell Nutrients

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

49. It is a macronutrient that is required as a terminal electron acceptor in aerobic

metabolism of carbon compounds.

(A.) Aerobic Oxygen

(B.) Molecular Oxygen
(C.) Aerobic Nitrogen
(D.) Molar Oxygen
50. All organisms contain large amounts of water, except for:

(A.) Bacteria
(B.) Protozoa
(C.) Virus
(D.) Molds

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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

SUMMARY OF ANSWERS:

Numbers 1-20:

Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer

1 C 6 D 11 A 16 A
2 D 7 B 12 B 17 B
3 A 8 C 13 A 18 C
4 A 9 D 14 B 19 D
5 A 10 B 15 D 20 A

Numbers 21-40:

Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer Number Answer

21 C 26 A 31 C 36 B
22 C 27 D 32 B 37 C
23 D 28 C 33 D 38 B
24 B 29 C 34 C 39 B
25 A 30 A 35 A 40 D

Numbers 41-50:

Number Answer Number Answer

41 B 46 C
42 C 47 B
43 A 48 B
44 B 49 B
45 C 50 C

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