Math 280 Problems02
Math 280 Problems02
1. (a) Change each of the following points from Cartesian coordinates to cylindrical
coordinates and spherical coordinates:
√ √
(2, 1, −2) , ( 2, 1, 1) , (−2 3, −2, 3) .
(b) Convert the equation ρ sin(φ) = 1 from spherical coordinates to Cartesian coordi-
nates.
(c) Let ~ı, ~ and ~k denote the standard basis in R3 . Verify that the basis vectors for
spherical coordinates, namely
x~ı + y~ + z~k
~
eρ := p = sin(φ) cos(θ)~ı + sin(φ) sin(θ)~ + cos(φ)~k
x2 + y 2 + z 2
xz~ı + yz~ − (x2 + y 2 )~
k
~
eφ := p − sin(φ)~
= cos(φ) cos(θ)~ı + cos(φ) sin(θ)~ k
(x2 + y 2 )(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
−y~ı + x~
~
eθ := p = − sin(θ)~ı + cos(θ)~ ,
x2 + y 2
are mutually orthogonal unit vectors.