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Crystal Defects

This document discusses crystal defects, grain formation during solidification of molten metal, and tensile stress in polycrystalline materials. It describes edge and screw dislocations, the growth of crystals and formation of grains, etching techniques to view grain boundaries, and the process of a tensile test including the original and final shape of a specimen.

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MATEO SEBASTIAN VARGAS HERNANDEZ
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95 views

Crystal Defects

This document discusses crystal defects, grain formation during solidification of molten metal, and tensile stress in polycrystalline materials. It describes edge and screw dislocations, the growth of crystals and formation of grains, etching techniques to view grain boundaries, and the process of a tensile test including the original and final shape of a specimen.

Uploaded by

MATEO SEBASTIAN VARGAS HERNANDEZ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRYSTAL DEFECTS Grains During Solidification Tensile Stress in Polycrystalline Material

Schematic illustration of the various stages during


solidification of molten metal. Each small square
represents a unit cell. (a) Nucleation of crystals at random
sites in the molten metal. Note that the crystallographic
orientation of each site is different. (b) and (c) Growth of
crystals as solidification continues. (d) Solidified metal,
showing individual grains and grain boundaries. Note the
different angles at which neighboring grains meet each
other.

MICROESTRUCTURAS:
TENSILE-TEST

Edge dislocation, a linear defect at the edge of an extra


plane of atoms. (b) Screw dislocation, a helical defect in a (a) Section of a grain boundary and its surface groove
three-dimensional lattice of atoms. Screw dislocations are produced by etching; the light reflection characteristics
so named because the atomic planes form a spiral ramp. in the vicinity of the groove are also shown. (b)
Photomicrograph of the surface of a polished and etched

Movement of an edge dislocation across the crystal lattice (a) Original and final shape of a standard tensile-test
under a shear stress. Dislocations help explain why the
specimen. (b) Outline of a tensile-test sequence showing
actual strength of metals is much lower than that different stages in the elongation of the specimen.
predicted by atomic theory.
AISI/SAE 1020 AISI/SAE1045

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