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A relation connects elements in a domain set to elements in a codomain set. Relations can be represented using arrow diagrams, ordered pairs, or Cartesian graphs. A relation shows the relationship between elements in its domain to elements in its codomain. The domain is the first set in the relation, while the codomain is the second set. Elements mapped from the domain to the codomain are called the image, and make up the range. There are several types of relations including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. A function is a special type of relation where each element in the domain maps to exactly one element in the codomain.

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256 views

Add Math

A relation connects elements in a domain set to elements in a codomain set. Relations can be represented using arrow diagrams, ordered pairs, or Cartesian graphs. A relation shows the relationship between elements in its domain to elements in its codomain. The domain is the first set in the relation, while the codomain is the second set. Elements mapped from the domain to the codomain are called the image, and make up the range. There are several types of relations including one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many. A function is a special type of relation where each element in the domain maps to exactly one element in the codomain.

Uploaded by

nanamael
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relations

A relation connects elements in set A (domain) to elements in set B

(codomain) according to the definition of the relation.

Relation between two sets can be represented by

(a) Arrow diagram

(b) Ordered pairs

(c) Cartesian graph

Example 1

The relation ‘is a factor of’ between set A = { 3, 4} and set B = {4, 6, 8} can be represented
as below:

(a) Arrow diagram

(b) Ordered pairs

{(3, 6), (4, 4), (4, 8)}

(c) Cartesian graph


Domain, Codomain, Image, Object & Range

Example 2
In the relation between one set and another, the first set is known as the domain and the second
set is known as the codomain.

Elements in the domain is called objects, whereas elements in the codomain mapped to the
objects is called the image. Elements in the codomain not mapped to the objects are not the
image.

All images in codomain can be written as a set known as range.

The diagram above shows the relation between set A and set B. Find the domain, codomain and
range of the relation.

Answer

The domain is {a, b}

The codomain is {p, q, r, s}

The range is {p, q, r}

Type of Relation

Types of Relation Diagram


1
One to One
Relation

In this relation, each


object in the domain
has only one image
in the codomain.

2
One to Many
Relation

In this relation, one


or more than one of
the objects in the
domain has more
than one image in
the codomain.

3
Many to One
Relation

In this relation, there


are more than one
objects in the
domain that have
the same image in
the codomain.
4
Many to Many
Relation

In this relation, one


or more than one of
the objects in the
domain has more
than one image in
the codomain, and
there are more than
one object in the
domain that have
the same image in
the codomain.
Function as a special kind of relation

1. A function is a relation in which every element in the domain has a


unique image (exactly one) in the codomain.
2. One-to-one relation and many-to-one relation are examples of a special
kind of relation which we call function.
3. A function should has the following properties:
4. All objects must have at least 1 image.
5. It is not necessarily that all elements in the codomain have object.
6. An object cannot has more than 1 image.
7. More than 1 object is allowed to have the same image.

Function is A Special ind of Relation

One to One Relation Many to One Relation


Relation Which is Not Function

The following relations are not function:

1. One to Many Relation


2. Many to Many Relation
3. Relation that has unmapped object in the codomain.

Notation
1. For a function , each element x in the domain X has a
unique image y in the codomain Y.
2. We often say y is a function of x and write it as .
3. The function may also be written as , linking an element
of the domain to its image f(x) in the *codomain.
4. Note that, the vertical stroke on the arrow distinguishes it from
. f(x) is also called the value of the function f at x.
5. f(x) is read as "f of x".

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