MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY 6.

PRINCIPLES OF A GOOD COMMUNITY

DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

Principle 1: Involve all sections of the

1. COMMUNITY- Is a group of people in a community
common settlement with particular
characteristics in common. Principle 2: Work on location

Principle 3: Visualize
 BUILDING COMMUNITIES
 PLANNING COMMUNITIES Principle 4: Communicate: use all available
media
 CREATING COMMUNITIES
Principle 5: Spend Money (takes time and
energy)
2. COMMUNITY PLANNING- Planning
carried out with the active 7.VALUE OF URBAN DESIGN AND COMMUNITY
participation of the end user ARCHITECTURE
3.PROJECT STAGES
A. ECONOMIC
A. Initiates a. Urban Growth and
Development
B. Plan b. Long term cost benefits
c. Economic stability
C. Implement

D. Maintain B. PHYSICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL

a. Environmental sustainability
4. LEVEL OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT b. Open and built environment
balance
A. Self Help
c. Interconnection
B. Partnership d. Change adaptability

C. Consultation C. SOCIO-CULTURAL
a. Community growth and
D. Self Help
development
5. ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNITY b. Sense of community
c. Civic Pride
a.1. Group of people d. Safety and Security
e. Heritage
a.2 Definite Locality

a.3. Community Sentiment D. PERSONAL

a. Sense of place
a.4. Naturality b. Accountability
c. Belongingness
a.5 Particular Name

a.6 No Legal Status

a.7 Concrete Nature

a.8 Distinguishable
8. COMMUNITY SECTORS Implementation by a range of
a.1 Social stakeholders
a.2 Economic 9. ARE WE GETTING THERE?
a.3 Infrastructure Evaluation of progress and review
a.4 Institutional
a.5 Environmental B.PARTICIPATION TECHNIQUES:

“DESIGN FOR THE PEOPLE BY THE PEOPLE” 1. Survey

2. Community Visioning
3. Charrettes, Workshops
4. Public Meeting
5. Public Hearing
MODULE 2: COMMUNITY PLANNING TOOLS 6. Focus Group Discussions
AND METHODS
C.MIND MAPPING NOTE TAKING GUIDE
A.TOOLS AND METHODS
D.EVALUATION TECHNIQUES
1ST ASSESMENT PHASE 1. Planning Balance Sheet
1. Preparation – Organizing a
community planning process 2. Goals Achievement Matrix
2. WHERE ARE WE NOW? - Identifying
3. SWOT Analysis
community assets and what people
value about their community 3.DPSIR Analysis
3. WHERE ARE WE GOING? – An
analysis of the demographic E. SWOT ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
makeup and trends in the
Strength and Weakness- internal
community
attributes
2nd ENGAGEMENT PHASE Opportunities and Threats- external
4 WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE? – A condition
descriptive vision and/or preferred
future of how residents want their A. 4 TYPES OF STRATEGIES SO, WO, ST,
community to be WT
5 WHAT DO WE NEED TO ADDRESS?
The opportunities, challenges and -How can we use and Capitalize on each
issues residents see for their strength
community.
-How can we improve each weakness?
6. HOW DO WE GET THERE?
Strategies and actions to be How can we Exploit and Benefit from
implemented to achieve the opportunity?
preferred future
7. DRAFTING AND VALIDATION -How can we Mitigate each threat?

SUBJECTIVE JUDGEMENT-
Based on objective information
3RD IMPLEMENTATION PHASE
8. IMPLEMENTATION-
 E. DPSIR ANALYSIS Response- Regulation, subsidies, investment in
a. Driving Force indicators- public transport
Provide data on demographic,
g. COMMUNITY PLANNING PROJECT
social and economic
development which, in turn, F. COMMUNITY CENTRE:
exert pressure on the The end result is a facility which has
environment been shaped by members of the
b. Condition or State Indicator community to suit their needs and is
Provide data that inform us then looked after by the people who
about the state of the use it.
environment at any particular G. DERELICT SITE RE-USE
time. This scenario shows the initiative to
c. Pressure indicator make use of a derelict area of land in
Provide data on the main public ownership. Such land exists
human activities that could everywhere, usually attracting rubbish
potentially adversely affect the and having a depressing effect on the
condition of the environment local neighborhood
d. Impact Indicators – provide H. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
data on the impact that This scenario applies particularly to
environmental changes have on communities facing the threat of
environmental or human natural or human made disasters such
health. as floods, earthquakes, wind, storms,
e. Response Indicators – and industrial accidents
Provide date about the main I. ENVIRONMENTAL ART PROJECT
things we are doing to alleviate This scenario is about constructing
pressures, or to improve the environmental artworks
condition of the environment. J. HOUSING DEVELOPMENT
This scenario covers the building of a
F.DPSIR MODEL: DRIVING FORCE,
PRESSURE, STATE IMPACT AND new housing developments for a large
RESPONSE number of people

Pruitt- Igoe Housing Development

Driving Force :
Economic activity, transport infrastructure, K. INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE RE-USE
transport and fuel prices This scenario applies where industrial
buildings become redundant,
Pressure Energy: Consumption, emission to the
particularly if they have heritage value
atmosphere, noise, waste, traffic accidents
or could be used for other purposes.
State: Climate change, air, water and soil L. INNER CITY REGENERATION
quality, habitat fragmentation, exposure to This scenario shows how a deprived
noise. inner city area can transform itself over
a period of almost a decade.
Impact- Effects on human health, loss of
biodiversity
 M. LOCAL NEIGHBORHOOD INITIATIVE MODULE 3: SOCIAL SECTOR OF THE
This scenario applies to any area where COMMUNITY
there are a number of institutional
WHAT IS THE SOCIAL SECTOR?
landowners and agencies operating and
where local people want to break MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS 1943
through inertia and improve the
environment and the quality of life. a. Self Actualization ( Highest) Personal
growth and fulfillment
K. NEW NEIGHBORHOOD This scenario b. Esteem needs - Achievement, status,
shows how creative proposals can be responsibility, reputation
developed for a new neighborhood, c. Belongingness and Love needs- Family,
extension to a neighborhood or completely affection, relationship, work group, etc.
now settlement. d. Safety needs- Protection, security,
order, law, limits, stability, etc,
L. PLANNING STUDY- This scenario applies
e. Biological Needs ( Lowest)- Basic life
where professional planning consultants are
needs – air, food, drink, shelter, warmth,
commissioned by a local authority or
sex, sleep etc.
landowners to produce recommendations
on future development options in a SOCIAL FACTORS:
relatively short period of time.
 Demographic ( age, gender , etc.)
M. REGENARATION INFRASTRUCTURE- This  Ethics and Religion
scenario shows how the framework for  Education
encouraging community planning can be  Cultural Conventions
emprove by the government and private and  Attitude and Belief
voluntary agencies.
SENSE OF COMMUNITY:
N. SHANTY SETTLEMENTS UPGRADING- This
scenario applies to the informal settlements - Feeling that members have of
which proliferates around many cities in belonging, a feeling that members
developing countries. matter to one another and to the group,
and a shared faith that members need
O.TOWN CENTRE UPGRADE – This scenario will be met through their commitment
applies when a planning authority wants to to be together
initiate improvement of a town center area.
ELEMENTS OF SENSE OF COMMUNITY
P. VILLAGE REVIVAL- This scenario covers a
village developing initiatives to preserve and 1. Influence
build on its local character 2. Membership
3. Integration of Needs
WHOLE SETTLEMENT STRATEGY 4. Emotional Connection
A whole settlement strategy creates a vision for SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
a village, town or city as a whole and sets out
ways to achieve it: How does the place work? A. Amenities and Social Infrastructure
What is good about it? What is bad? What is Emphasis on schools, social spaces,
needs changing? How can we plan for a transport and community worker
sustainable future?
 B. Social and Cultural Life- Shared spaces, MODULE 4 5 C(S) OF COMMUNITY PLANNING
collective activities and social
COMMUNITY- Interacting population of various
architecture to foster local networks,
kinds of individuals in a common location
belonging and community identity.
C. Voice and Influence – Governance - A group of people with a common
structures to represent future residents characteristic or interest living together
and engage new one in shaping local within a larger society
decision making and stewardship - Area in which a population lives and
D. Space to Grow- Flexible planning; may be identified with a way of life,
housing, infrastructure and services that such as farming or fishing community,
can adapt over time; meanwhile use of steel town, college or university town.
buildings and public space. - Maybe known for some specific trait,
innovation, ingenuity, determination, or
SENSE OF PLACE
traditional values and morality.
1. USERS AND ACTIVITIES - The term community suggest a certain
a. ACTIVE amount of interdependence,
b. FUN sometimes out of necessity.
c. VITAL - Community as a concept can be
d. SPECIAL interpreted as a sense of common
e. REAL belonging, way of life, and a diversity
2. COMFORT AND IMAGE with a common purpose
a. SAFE
COMMUNITY ARCHITECTURE- The art of
b. WALKABLE
making Sustainable living, places that both
c. SITTABLE
thrive and adapt to people’s needs for
d. ATTRACTIVE
SHELTER, LIVELIHOOD, COMMERCE,
e. HISTORIC
RECREATION and SOCIAL ORDER.
3. ACCESS AND LINKAGES
a. PROXIMITY COMMUNITY PLANNING- “ Live together in
b. CONNECTED community, with dignity, free of fear and
c. WALKABLE free of want, in harmony with one another
d. CONVENIENT and with the natural world – Satya Das.
e. ACCESIBLE
4. SOCIABILITY
a. DIVERSE Cs’ OF COMMUNITY PLANNING- Howard
b. STEWARDSHIP Blackson
c. COOPERATIVE
d. NEIGHBORLY Neighborhood- is a physical place- varied in
e. WELCOMING intensity from more rural to more urban

1. COMPLETE- Great Neighborhoods host

a mix uses in order to provide for our
daily need to live, work, play, worship,
dine, shop, and talk to each other.
2. COMPACT- The 5- minute walk from
center to edge, a basic rule of thumb for
walkability, equates to approximately 80
to 160 acres, or 9 to 19 city blocks. This
general area includes public street,
parks, and natural lands, as well as
private blocks, spaces and private
buildings.

3. CONNECTED- Great neighborhoods are

walkable, drivable, and bike- able with
or without transit access.

4. COMPLEX- Great neighborhoods have a

variety of civic spaces, such as plazas,
greens, recreational parks, and natural
parks.

5. CONVIVIAL- The livability and social

aspect of a neighborhood is driven by
the many and varied communities that
not only inhabit, but meet, get together
and socialize within a neighborhood.