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Mobile Processors

Mobile processors have become very powerful and include multiple cores. Major manufacturers include Qualcomm, Apple, Intel, Nvidia, MediaTek, HiSilicon, and Samsung. Qualcomm's Snapdragon and Apple's A series are widely used in smartphones and tablets. E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the internet, through business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and consumer-to-business transactions.

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345 views

Mobile Processors

Mobile processors have become very powerful and include multiple cores. Major manufacturers include Qualcomm, Apple, Intel, Nvidia, MediaTek, HiSilicon, and Samsung. Qualcomm's Snapdragon and Apple's A series are widely used in smartphones and tablets. E-commerce involves the buying and selling of goods and services over electronic networks, primarily the internet, through business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer, and consumer-to-business transactions.

Uploaded by

Jon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Supplement to

Computer Science with C++


UNIT 5
as per the Revised Syllabus issued by
the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
on
March …., 2017.
UNIT 5: MOBILE COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES and E-COMMERCE

Mobile Processors
Processors are required to run an
operating system, be it a desktop,
laptop or a mobile. Processors
provide the necessary resources to
start an operating system, run
applications and do certain tasks.
Today’s smartphones and mobile
processors are very powerful, so
much so that they can compete
with desktop computers.
Processors are now available in many cores. First it was single core, then came the dual
core, and we now have quad core, hexa core and even octa core processors. Most
processors available today are 64-bit as against 32-bit earlier. The processing speed has also
touched 3.0-3.5 GHz now. The ability to equip mobile processors with GPU (Graphics
Processing Unit) has enabled the devices to churn out best graphic pictures, have 3-D
capability, Virtual Reality and 4K recording capability. The improved processor technology
has also made modern mobile devices more power-efficient.
Today, there are many processors available in the market. QUALCOMM, Apple mobile
processors, Intel mobile processors and some other giants are ruling the market. Let us
discuss these mobile processors.
5.1.1 Qualcomm Snapdragon
Qualcomm Technologies is a US-based company. Qualcomm
first became a known brand when they introduced CDMA
technology. Qualcomm is actively involved in technology
related to semiconductor designing for mobile devices,
tracking devices, satellite phones, virtual reality, wireless
charging, communications, etc. Qualcomm is now known for
its Snapdragon brand which is responsible for marketing
mobile processors and LTE modems [4G].
Snapdragon became a big name in the processors market after it introduced the first 1 GHz
processor when the average speed of most smartphones was only 512 MHz.
Since 2005, Snapdragon has come out with a number of series—S1, S2, S3, S4, S200, S400,
S600, and S800. The processor is currently going through S800 series as of 2016 end. S800
series has already released S800, S801, S805, S808, S810, S820, and S821. The most
common Qualcomm processor in medium-to high-end phone market is either S820 or S821,
which is the latest version.
5.1.2 Apple Mobile Processors

Apple does not manufacture microprocessors.


Instead, it enters into contracts with processor
manufacturing companies, mainly Samsung and
TSMC, for making custom-built processors that suit
its design and performance expectations. For
instance, A9 14nm processor was built by Samsung,
while the A9 16nm version was built by TSMC.

 Apple A series is designed for processors to


be used in iPhone, iPad, iPad Touch and
Apple TV. Some of the processors in the series are A4, A5, A5X, A6, A6X, A7, A8, A8X,
A9, A9X and A10.
 Apple A10 Fusion is the latest processor which is used in iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.
A10 is a quad core built on 16 nm FinFET processor capable of running at 2.4GHz
speed and a hexa core PowerVR GPU. A10 is twice as fast as its predecessor A9, and
improves graphic processing by 50%. This processor is manufactured by TSMC.
 Apple S series is designed for processors to be used in Apple Watch. Some of the
processors in the series are Apple S1, Apple S1P and Apple S2. The current version,
Apple S2, is a dual core processor with built-in GPS used in Apple Watch Series 2. The
processor is manufactured by Samsung under a contract with Apple.
 Apple W series is used in headphones for wireless audio connectivity. The current
series, Apple W1, is used in wireless headphones and AirPods.
 Apple T series is designed to be used in TouchID sensors in MacBook Pro. The only
version released till date is Apple T1.

5.1.3 Intel Atom and Core M Processors


Intel is an American multinational company synonymous with PC and microprocessors.
Atom is the brand name given for the low power-consuming and low-cost 32-bit and 64-bit
chips manufactured for smartphones and tablets.
Intel processors are based on X86 architecture which is more powerful than ARM, but
consumes more power compared to
ARM architecture. The latest versions of
Intel processors have reduced the power
consumption, bringing it down to less
than 5 watts, which is ideal for all mobile
devices. Though Atom processors in the
beginning supported only Windows, they
now support all major mobile operating
systems.
Intel Atom processors are currently used in Atom X5 and X7 series. These chips are 64-bit
quad core processors in 14 nm size with speeds of up to 1.6 GHz that can be scaled up to 2.4
Ghz.
Intel also released Intel Core M ultra low-voltage microprocessors designed for ultra-thin
notebooks, mobile devices and 2-in-1 convertibles. The processor consumes 4.5 watts or
less power, making it ideal for the long battery life. These are dual core processors with a
speed of about 1.5 GHz which can be scaled up to 3.2 GHz. Intel Core M processors offer
40% boost in CPU and graphics performance as compared to the earlier versions.

5.1.4 Nvidia Tegra


Nvidia Corporation is a US-based technology
company which specializes in making
processing units for graphics, gaming units
and mobile devices. Nvidia develops chips for
smartphones, tablets and mobile devices
under the brand Tegra.
Tegra processors are built on 64-bit ARM
architecture. Tegra has already marketed
Tegra 1, Tegra 3, Tegra 4, Tegra 4i, Tegra K1,
Tegra X1. Tegra X1 is currently the most
advanced Tegra chip in the market. The processor is Quad Core with 256 GPU cores and 4K
video capabilities. The chips are built on 20 nm technology. The processor is currently used
in Nvidia SHIELD Android TV.
The Tegra processors mainly used in smartphones and tablets are Tegra 4, Tegra 4i and
Tegra K1.

5.1.5 MediaTek
MediaTek is a Taiwanese
semiconductor company providing
chips for mobile devices, HDTVs and
other electronic devices.
MediaTek processors are built on
64-bit ARM architecture. The latest
MediaTek processor supports up to
3 GHz speed. They come in a variety
of cores such as dual core (2 core),
quad core (4 core), hexa core (6
core) and deca core (10 core).
The latest processors from MediaTek, Helio X20 and Helio X25, are used in smartphones
and tablets. MediaTek processors are mostly popular with Chinese manufacturers. Xiaomi,
Meizu, LeEco Le, Yu, etc., use them in smartphones. Acer, Asus, Lenovo, Amazon Fire HD,
QMobile are some of the other manufacturers that use MediaTek processors in their
tablets.
Helio X30 and Helio X27, the latest from the company’s stable, use 10 nm and 20 nm
processors respectively. Both are deca core with 2 dual core and a single dual core built
inside the processor.
5.1.6 HiSilicon
HiSilicon is a Chinese company specializing in
semiconductor technology. The company, owned
by Huawei, creates chips based on ARM
architecture. It is the largest domestic integrated
circuit designer in China.
Some of the processors released by HiSilicon are
K3V1, K3V2, K3V2E, Kirin 620, Kirin 650, Kirin 910,
Kirin 920, Kirin 930, Kirin 950 and Kirin 960.
Some of the devices with Kirin 950 are Honor 8,
Huawei mate 8 and Huawei MediaPad M3.
Kirin 960 is the latest model to be released in the series. It is built on 64-bit ARM
architecture on 16 nm FinFET technology. The processor is quad core capable of attaining a
speed of 2.4GHz.

5.1.7 Samsung Exynos

Exynos is a brand of Samsung Electronics which


makes processors based on ARM architecture.
Some of the processors in the series are Exynos 7
Dual, Exynos 7420, Exynos 7 Octa 7580, Exynos 7
Octa 7870.
Exynos 8 Octa 8890 is the latest processor from
Exynos. The processor is equipped with Octa Core
on 64-bit ARM architecture with Mali GPU. The
processor is capable of running at a speed of 2.3
GHz with support for 3D gaming and 4K UHD resolution. The chips are built on 14 nm
technology. Exynos 8 Octa 8890 is used in Samsung Galaxy S6 and S6 edge.

5.2 E-Commerce
E-commerce (electronic commerce or EC) is the buying
and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of
funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the
internet. These business transactions occur either as
business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-
to-consumer or consumer-to-business.
The terms e-commerce and e-business
are often used interchangeably.
E-commerce is conducted using a variety
of applications, such as email, online
catalogs and shopping carts, EDI, File
Transfer Protocol, and web services. This
includes business-to-business activities
and outreach such as using email for unsolicited ads (usually viewed as spam) to consumers
and other business prospects, as well as to send out e-newsletters to subscribers. More
companies now try to entice consumers directly online, using tools such as digital
coupons, social media marketing and targeted advertisements.
The advantages of e-commerce include its round-the-clock availability, the wide availability
of goods and services to the consumer, easy accessibility and international reach.
5.2.1 Payment Transactions through E-Commerce
5.2.2.1 Online Banking
Online banking, also known as internet banking,
e-banking or virtual banking, is an electronic
payment system that enables customers of
a bank or a financial institution to conduct a range
of financial transactions through the financial
institution’s website.

5.2.2.2 Mobile Banking


Mobile banking is a service provided by a
bank or a financial institution that allows
its customers to conduct a range of
financial transactions remotely using a
mobile device such as a mobile phone or
tablet, and using software, usually called
an app, provided by the financial
institution for the purpose.

5.2.2 Payment Apps and Services


Payment apps are also referred to as Mobile Wallets. There are many payment apps
available in the market which are very efficient to use and convenient to handle.
The following are some of the wallets which are frequently used in the market.
1) Google Wallet
2) Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) App
3) Apple Passbook
4) Paytm Wallet
5) Freecharge Wallet
6) MobiKwik Wallet
7) Lemon Wallet
8) Square Wallet
9) PayPal
10) Dwolla
11) Venmo
The online mode of payment has brought about a drastic change to marketing. There are
many start-ups which are doing very well thanks to the online mode of payment. This
revolution has taken the world by storm and is well appreciated.

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