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Lecturer 3: Lines, Letters and Geometric Construction: The Alphabet of Lines (I.S.O.)

This document provides information about lines, letters, and geometric construction for civil engineering drawings. It discusses line groups and thicknesses according to ISO standards. It describes guidelines for lettering heights, styles, and spacing. It also lists examples of common geometric construction problems for preparing engineering drawings, such as bisecting lines and arcs, drawing perpendiculars, dividing lines into equal parts, and constructing various types of polygons.

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47 views

Lecturer 3: Lines, Letters and Geometric Construction: The Alphabet of Lines (I.S.O.)

This document provides information about lines, letters, and geometric construction for civil engineering drawings. It discusses line groups and thicknesses according to ISO standards. It describes guidelines for lettering heights, styles, and spacing. It also lists examples of common geometric construction problems for preparing engineering drawings, such as bisecting lines and arcs, drawing perpendiculars, dividing lines into equal parts, and constructing various types of polygons.

Uploaded by

sajid khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecturer 3: Lines, Letters and

Geometric Construction
CE-112 : Engineering Drawing for Civil Engineers

By: Dr. Mohammad Ashraf ([email protected])


Office: CE: B109

Department of Civil Engineering, University of Engineering and


Technology, Peshawar

The Alphabet of Lines (I.S.O.)

1
Line Groups (I.S.O.)
 A Line Group consists of three consecutive line thicknesses; thick,
medium and thin
 Denoted by the thick line in the group
 The thickness of medium line is approximately 0.7 times the thickness of
thick line and thin line is approximately 0.5 times the thickness of thick
line.
 Common Groups are:
0.25 : 0.13 - 0.18 - 0.25
0.35 : 0.18 - 0.25 - 0.35
0.50 : 0.25 - 0.35 - 0.50
0.70 : 0.35 - 0.50 - 0.70
1.00 : 0.50 - 0.70 - 1.00
1.40 : 0.70 - 1.00 - 1.40

Lettering
 Letters are used in Dimensions, Titles and Notes
 Clear and uniform letters give more meaning to a drawing and enhance its
appearance
 Single-stroke Gothic Characters (ABC123) can be easily and quickly
drawn by hand
 Upper Case Letters (ABC123) are preferred for normal use and lower
case for conventional signs and symbols (e.g. mm)
 Vertical Characters (ABC123) are preferred to Slopping Characters
(ABC123). For sloping Character 75o inclination is recommended

2
Lettering (Cont..)
 Height of Character (2.5, 3.5, 5.0, 7.0, 10, 14, 20 mm)
 Minimum size of Character depends on the size of drawing sheets
 For A1-A4 2.5 mm for Upper Case only and 3.5 mm for Upper and
Lower Case together.
 The thickness of Single-stroke Character Lines is 0.1h (where h is
the height of character)
 The space between character shall be uniform and shall be equal to
twice the character thickness
 Very light guidelines shall be drawn before writing letters
 Soft pencils shall be used for lettering
 For speed work stencils shall be avoided

Geometric Construction
 Geometric Construction deals with problems essential in the preparation
of engineering drawings, e.g.
z To bisect a given line and arc
z To draw perpendicular to a given line
z To draw a line parallel to a given line
z To divide a given line into any number of equal parts
z To bisect an angle
z To trisect a given right angle
z To find the centre of a given arc
z To draw an arc touching a given line and/or arc
z To draw an arc passing through three given points
z To draw tangent/common tangent to circles
z To draw polygon of any number of sides with a given side length
z To draw polygon inscribed in a given circle or circumscribed by a circle

3
Geometric Construction (Cont..)
Prob-1: To bisect a given line and an arc

Prob-2: To draw a perpendicular to given Prob-1


line from a point within it

Prob-2

Geometric Construction (Cont..)


 Prob-3: To divide a line into any number of equal parts
 Prob-4: To draw a line parallel to given line passing through
a point out side it.
 Prob-5: To draw a line parallel to given line at a given
distance

Prob-3 Prob-4 Prob-5

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