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Ports and Harbors PDF

This document discusses different types of waves including: 1) Shallow water waves where the depth is less than half the wavelength and deep water waves where the depth is greater than half the wavelength. Formulas are provided to calculate wavelength, velocity, and breaking conditions for these wave types. 2) Long waves where the wavelength is long compared to the water depth. Formulas are provided to calculate wavelength and velocity for long waves. 3) Residual water level and design low tide levels for gravity type and sheet pile ports based on high water level, low water level, and mean lower low water elevations.

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Rommel Glenn
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2K views2 pages

Ports and Harbors PDF

This document discusses different types of waves including: 1) Shallow water waves where the depth is less than half the wavelength and deep water waves where the depth is greater than half the wavelength. Formulas are provided to calculate wavelength, velocity, and breaking conditions for these wave types. 2) Long waves where the wavelength is long compared to the water depth. Formulas are provided to calculate wavelength and velocity for long waves. 3) Residual water level and design low tide levels for gravity type and sheet pile ports based on high water level, low water level, and mean lower low water elevations.

Uploaded by

Rommel Glenn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PORTS AND HARBORS has a depth of water equal to 30m, compute the

velocity of the wave in m/s


 Shallow – Water Waves (d < L/2)
Shallow – water waves occurs in water
having a depth less than half of the wave  Deep Water Waves (d ≥ L/2)
length, d < L/2 Deep water waves are those which occur in
water having a depth greater than one – half
a. Wave length of shallow – water waves of the wave length, d ≥ L/2
𝑔𝑇 2 2𝜋𝑑
𝐿=( ) tanh ( )
2𝜋 𝐿 a. Wave length of deep water waves

Where: 𝑔𝑇 2
L = wave length of shallow – water waves 𝐿=( )
2𝜋
T = period (time to complete one wave
length)
d = water depth (assumed to be uniform)
g = acceleration of gravity Where:
L = wave length of shallow – water waves
b. Wave velocity (celerity) of shallow – water T = period (time to complete one wave
waves length)
𝑔𝑇 2𝜋𝑑 g = acceleration of gravity
𝑉 = ( ) tanh ( )
2𝜋 𝐿
b. Wave velocity of deep water waves in terms
Where: of wave length:
V = wave velocity in m/s (velocity of wave
propagation) 2𝜋𝑉 2
L = wave length of shallow – water waves 𝐿=
𝑔
T = period (time to complete one wave
length) Where:
d = water depth (assumed to be uniform) V = wave velocity in m/s (velocity of wave
g = acceleration of gravity propagation)
L = wave length of shallow – water waves
Situation 1: g = acceleration of gravity

During typhoon Ondoy, due to strong winds, it c. In deep water wave breaks normally will
causes a wave length of a shallow – water wave of occur when the wave height exceeds one –
80 m. Long. If the wave period is 7.2 seconds. seventh of the wave length. When the wave
Determine the depth of water at that point reaches the shallow water where the deoth
assuming it to be uniform. is equal to 1.25 of its height, the waves will
Situation 2: usually break.

The wave length of a shallow – water wave is 80 m 𝐿


𝐻=
long and its period of oscillation is 7.2 seconds. If it 7
𝑑 = 1.25 𝐻

CETE – 513 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING S.P.O


d. Wave velocity for deep water waves in terms Where:
of period “T” seconds:
V = wave velocity
g = acceleration of gravity
2𝜋𝑉
𝑇= d = depth of water
𝑔
Situation 1:  Relationship of DEEP WATER WAVE
LENGTH and SHALLOW – WATER WAVE
Tropical tyhoon Yolanda hits the country which
LENGTH
causes a storm surge in Tacloban City. The wave
Applicable only for very small waves but
period at a point having a depth of 36 meters in the
valid for any depth
ocean is 6.4 sec. Compute the height of the wave if
it has a steepness of 0.14.
𝐿𝐴 2𝜋𝑑
= tanh
Situation 2: 𝐿𝑜 𝐿𝐴
Tropical cyclone “Inting” will hit the country with an
estimated forecast velocity of propagation of wave
Where:
equal to 80 kph. Determine the approximate length
d = depth of water
between crest of the wave in meters.
𝐿𝐴 = 𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑝 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
Situation 3: 𝐿0 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 − 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ
During the typhoon Neneng, the length of deep
water wave is 96 m. Caused by strong winds near
 RESIDUAL WATER LEVEL (Gravity Type &
Batayan Island. Compute the velocity of wave in
Sheet Pile)
kph.
Situation 1:
Determine the elevation of the residual water level
 Long Waves
(RWL) for a gravity type if the following data are as
Waves with a relatively long wave length
follows:
compared to the water depth d < 1/25 are
called long waves. Elev. of MLLW = 0 m
Elev. of HWL = +1.26m
a. Length of wave for long waves
𝐿 = 𝑇√𝑔𝑑 Elev. of LWL = - 0.23m
Situation 2:
Where:
L = wave length Determine the elevation of the Design Low Tide
T = period (time to complete one wave (DLT), which is the water level that guarantees
length) about 98% of tide, which is safe to the ships using
g = acceleration of gravity the gravity type.
d = depth of water Elev. of HWL = +1.45m

b. Wave Velocity for a long wave Elev. of LWL = +0.25m


𝑉 = √𝑔𝑑

CETE – 513 TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING S.P.O

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