HOW THE HYDRAULIC SISTEM WORK

Arranged by:
Rian

XII-B PHARMACY
SMK GUNA DHARMA NUSANTARA
2019-2020
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................. i

CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Background.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Sumarry ................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................... 2
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems ......................................................................... 2
2.2 Working principle of fluid pump........................................................................... 3
2.3 Advantages of hydraulic system ............................................................................ 3
2.4 Name, function and how to hydraulic work ......................................................... 4
2.5 Hydraulic fluid requirements ................................................................................ 5
2.6 Types of hydraulic fluid.......................................................................................... 6
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................... 8
CLOSING .......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 8
3.2 Suggestions............................................................................................................... 8

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Hydraulic systems are actually already widely known in the community
and. Hydraulic system has a function that is very important for the community.
for example in daily life is a jack that is used to change car tires. In addition,
the hydraulic system is widely used in car wash places, namely to lift heavy
cars. So from that I as the author feel motivated to discuss the material about
the mechanism of the hydraulic system
1.2 Sumarry
Hydraulics is a branch of science that examines the flow of matter liquid
through closed pipes and vessels, as well as in canals open and rivers. The
word hydraulic comes from the word "hudor" (language Greek), which means
water or liquid. The principle of hydraulic equipment utilizes the concept of
pressure, the pressure exerted on one cylinder will be passed on to another
cylinder, in accordance with Pascal's law.

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 CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION

2.1 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems

Talking about hydraulic systems means talking about technology related to
the use and characteristics / properties of liquids (liquid). This liquid substance
is used to perform both inline and spinning movements. With the discovery of
Pascal's law which hypothesizes that the pressure received by all surfaces due
to liquids is the same, the utilization of fluids will be more diverse. The liquid
can function as a transmitting power, multiplying force can also function to
change the movement (modifying motion). So that in this modern industrial
era the use of hydraulic systems and tools is increasingly wide-reaching.
One form of energy transfer (transfer of energy) using a hydraulic system
schematically is as follows

Picture 1.1 Transfer of energy on hydraulik system

On a piston in a vessel which has a touch surface area to a liquid of A
m2 given a force of F Newton (N) then the liquid throughout the vessel will
exert equal pressure on the entire surface of the vessel at P Newton / m2

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Picture 1.2 Hydraulic vessel
This incompressible fluid is widely used to move energy and control
larger systems. Pneumatic systems have principles similar to hydraulic
systems. This system uses compressed air to control the transfer of energy.
2.2 Working principle of fluid pump
The key to a hydraulic system is a pump that can convert mechanical energy
into hydraulic energy. Mechanical energy is obtained through human power,
electric motors or engines.
Basically, the hydraulic pump will work to increase the pressure of the
hydraulic fluid. High and low pressure generated depends on several things,
including pump strength, circuit strength, the driving force of the pump and the
burden borne
2.3 Advantages of hydraulic system
Some of the advantages of using hydraulic power are:
1. Transferring large power using relatively small components
2. Easier control and regulation
3. Easily moved in the reverse direction (Reversible)
4. Lubricate and care for yourself (self lubricating) so that the service life is
longer
5. Simple design (complicated circles are replaced by a few pre-engineered
components)
6. Flexibility (hydraulic components can be mounted on a vehicle with very
few problems)

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 7. Smoothness (the hydraulic system operates smoothly and is not noisy and
causes very little vibration)
8. Control (the operator exercises relatively little control over various speeds
and styles)
9. Little lost force (hydraulic force can be duplicated very large and channeled
throughout the body of the vehicle with a little lost force)
10. Protection for overload (the hydraulic system is protected against damage
caused by overload damage with valves that work automatically)
11. Some weaknesses in the hydraulic system, are:
12. Prone to accidents due to high pressure from fluid (high pressure liquid)
13. Small leaks can be fatal both in the transfer of energy and the cause of an
accident
14. Hydraulic systems require high precision parts.
15. Requires intensive care in connection with climate or weather so it is not
easily affected by rust, dirt and oil pollution.
2.4 Name, function and how to hydraulic work
In the hydraulic system the components will be arranged in a series that
allows the transfer of energy with hydraulic media.
In a hydraulic system, several supporting components are needed, namely:
1. Hydraulic pressure generator
This hydraulic pressure generator will convert mechanical energy into
pressure. The component used is usually a pressure pump. This pump will
increase the hydraulic pressure to the limit required by a system. Mechanical
energy can be obtained from engines, electric motors, and human power. The
ability to generate this pressure also depends on how much energy can be
generated by the pump drive.
2. Hydraulic pressure distributor
In general, elastic pipes are used to channel this hydraulic pressure. This is
because elastic pipes are easy to bend and have good pressure-holding ability.
When using solid pipes, it will be more difficult to form.
3. Converting hydraulic pressure to mechanical energy
This component can also be called an actuator. The shape of the actuator
varies according to needs. From the hydraulic pressure generated by the
hydraulic pump, it can be changed in the form of rotational (rotary) and
translational (back and forth) movements. To convert into rotational motion a
torque converter is needed. Meanwhile, to change the hydraulic pressure into

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 traslasii movement needed a hydraulic cylinder. This hydraulic cylinder can
use single action or double action.

4. Hydraulic liquid
Hydraulic fluids used in hydraulic systems must have the characteristics
or character (property) that suits your needs. Hydraulic fluid properties are
things that are owned by the hydraulic fluid so that the hydraulic fluid can carry
out its tasks or functions properly.
The functions / duties of hydraulic fluids: in the hydraulic system
include:
• As a successor to the pressure or successor to power.
• As a lubricant for moving parts.
• As a cooling component that rub against each other.
• As a cushion for the occurrence of pressure pounding at the end of a step.
• Corrosion prevention.
• Bram / chip washers are small particles that are peeled from the components.
• As a signal sender
2.5 Hydraulic fluid requirements
1. Viscosity is enough
Hydraulic fluid must have sufficient thickness to meet its function as a
lubricant. If the viscosity is too low then the oil film formed will be so thin
that it is unable to withstand friction. Likewise, if the viscosity is too thick, the
pump power will be heavier to oppose the liquid viscosity force.
2. Good Viscosity Index
With a good viscosity index, the viscosity of hydraulic fluid will be stable
used in systems with changes in working temperature that are quite volatile.
3. Fireproof (not flammable)
Hydraulic systems often also operate in places that are prone to fire or close
to a fire. Therefore we need a fire-resistant liquid.
4. No foaming (Foaming)
If a lot of foamed hydraulic fluid will result in a lot of air bubbles trapped
in the hydraulic fluid so that it will occur compressable and will reduce the
transfer power. In addition, with the foam, the likelihood of being caught in
the fire will be greater.

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 5. Cold resistance
Cold resistance is that hydraulic fluid does not freeze easily when operating
at cold temperatures. The freezing point or melting point desired by hydraulic
fluids ranges from 10 ° -15 ° C below the starting temperature of the machine
being operated (star-up). This is to anticipate the occurrence of a block
(blockage) by frozen hydraulic fluid.
6. Corrosion resistant and wear resistant
Hydraulic fluid must be able to prevent corrosion because without
corrosion, construction will not wear out easily, in other words the engine will
last.
7. Demulsibility (Water separable)
What is meant by de-mulsibility is the ability of hydraulic fluids, because
water will cause corrosion when it comes to metals.
8. Minimal compressibility
Theoretically a liquid is uncomprtessible. But in reality the hydraulic fluid
can be compressed up to 0.5% by volume for each 80 bar press, therefore it is
required that the hydraulic fluid be as compressed as possible.
2.6 Types of hydraulic fluid
Basically every liquid can be used as a power transfer media. But the
hydraulic system requires certain requirements as discussed earlier related to
the construction and workings of the system.
1. Hydraulic oils
Hydraulic oil based on mineral oil is usually used extensively in machine
tools or industrial machinery. According to DIN 51524 and 512525 standards
and according to their characteristics and composition hydraulic oil is divided
into three (3) classes:
• Hydraulic oil HL
• Hydraulic oil HLP
• Hydraulic oil HV
Giving a code with letters as above means the following:
For example hydraulic oil with the code: HLP 68 means:
H = Hydraulic oil
L = code for oil additives to increase corrosion prevention and / or increase oil
life
P = code for additives that increase load-acceptability.

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68 = level of oil viscosity

2. Low flammability
What is meant by refractory hydraulic fluid is hydraulic fluid that is not easy
or non-flammable. This kind of hydraulic fluid is used by hydraulic systems
in places where there is a high risk of fire such as:
• Die casting machines
• Forging presses
• Hard coal mining
• Control units for power station turbines
• Steel works and rolling mills
Basically, this fire-resistant hydraulic fluid is made from a mixture of oil
with water from synthetic oil.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

3.1 Conclusion
The word hydraulic comes from the English hydraulic which means liquid
or oil. The principle of hydraulic equipment utilizes the concept of pressure,
ie the pressure exerted on one cylinder will be passed on to another cylinder,
in accordance with Pascal's law.
Many hydraulic systems have the advantage. As a source of strength for
many variations of operations. The advantages of hydraulic systems include:
a) Lightweight
b) Easy to install
c) Little care
d) Hydraulic systems are almost 100% efficient, it does not mean ignoring
fluid friction.
e) The power generated by a large hydraulic system so that it is widely applied
to heavy equipment such as cranes, hydraulic hoists, etc.
f) Oil is also a lubricant so leakage rates are less frequent than pneumatic
systems.
g) Not noisy.
3.2 Suggestions
Suggestions that the author can convey is that as the reader should learn
more about this hydraulic system.

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