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Department of Mechanical Engg. Semester Iv

The document describes an experiment to test the efficiency of a multistage centrifugal pump at various heads. It provides details on the pump specifications, theoretical background on how centrifugal pumps work, definitions of static head, total head, and operating characteristics. The procedure involves taking readings of suction head, discharge head, power consumed at varying pump speeds and flows to calculate the shaft horsepower, water power, and overall efficiency. Safety precautions are outlined to prime the pump, avoid leaks, check valves, and properly lubricate and store equipment between uses.

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19 views

Department of Mechanical Engg. Semester Iv

The document describes an experiment to test the efficiency of a multistage centrifugal pump at various heads. It provides details on the pump specifications, theoretical background on how centrifugal pumps work, definitions of static head, total head, and operating characteristics. The procedure involves taking readings of suction head, discharge head, power consumed at varying pump speeds and flows to calculate the shaft horsepower, water power, and overall efficiency. Safety precautions are outlined to prime the pump, avoid leaks, check valves, and properly lubricate and store equipment between uses.

Uploaded by

Vicy gost
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.

SEMESTER IV

Experiment No. : - 03B Date:-

Title: - Study and trial on Multistage Centrifugal pump

Aim: - To conduct a test at various heads of given multistage centrifugal pump and to find its
efficiency.

Apparatus:- Multistage centrifugal pump, stop watch, collecting tank.

Theory: - The principal parts of Centrifugal Pump are the impeller with its shaft and the
casing, which surrounds it. A multistage Centrifugal Pump thus consists of impellers rotating
inside a spiral or volute casing. Liquid is admitted to the impellers in an axial direction,
through a central opening in its side called the ‘Eye’. It then flows radially outward from its
one stage to another and is discharged around the entire circumference into a casing. As the
liquid flows through the rotating impeller, energy is imparted to the fluid which results in
increase in both the pressure and the kinetic energies. Since a large part of the energy of
liquid leaving the impeller is kinetic, it is necessary to reduce the absolute velocity of flow
and transform a large portion of this velocity head into pressure head. Due to this the quantity
of water pumped is at higher pressure and higher head.

The discharge of the liquid from the rotating impeller is due to the centrifugal head created in
it. Hence the pump is Centrifugal. When a liquid mass is rotated in a vessel, it creates a
pressure rise throughout the mass. This rise at any point is proportional to the square of
angular velocity and the distance of the point from the axis of rotation. This high pressure
near the impeller outlet forces the liquid out and causes it to rise in the delivery pipe. A
partial vacuum is created at the eye of the impeller and the atmospheric pressure in the sump
forces the liquid through the suction pipe to replace the liquid that is being discharged from
the impeller.

1. STATIC HEAD

It is the sum of the static head or static lift, which is represented by h. It can be divided
into two parts.
a) Suction head hs is the height of liquid level in the sump and pump center.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.
SEMESTER IV
b) Delivery head hd is the height of liquid level in the high level reservoir measured from
the centerline of the pump.

Thus h = hs + h d Static = Hs + Hd

2. TOTAL HEAD

The head that a pump delivers must equal the static head (or lift) plus all losses in suction
pipe, impeller and delivery pipe, in addition to the velocity head in the delivery pipe. The
loss term must include the energy loss in the strainer, valves and bends in the pipes. Let
hfs and hfd denote the head loss in the suction and delivery pipes respectively. The total
head or total lift is ...

H = h + hfs + hfd +( Vd2/2g)

hf =hfs + hfd

= h + hf + (Vd2/ 2g)

Where Vd is the velocity in the delivery pipe and hf is the total head loss in the pipe system.

OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

For the optimum performance i.e. operation at maximum efficiency a centrifugal


pump is required to be run at its designed speed, which happens to be the speed of the
driving motor. At this speed, the head-discharge, efficiency-discharge and the shaft
power-discharge curves are called the operating characteristics.

The head and the discharge corresponding to he maximum efficiency are known as
the normal or design head and normal or design discharge. From these
characteristics it is possible to ascertain whether or not the pump will be able to
handle a given quantity of liquid against the desired head.

Specifications:-

1. Centrifugal Pump : Size – 1.5” x 1.25”.


DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.
SEMESTER IV
2. Electric Motor : 3 HP, PMDC, 1440 rpm.
3. Pressure Gauge : To measure the Head of Pump
4. Vacuum Gauge : To measure Suction Head in mm of Hg.
5. Energy Meter : To measure the Power of the Motor.
6. Control Valve : To control the flow rate.
7. Control Panel : With Speed Indicator and switch
8. Sump Tank : Made of M.S.Sheet with powder coating from inside and
outside. Capacity - 350 ltrs. (approx.), 120cm x 50cm x 50cm ht
9. Measuring Tank : Made up of M.S. Sheet with powder coating from inside and
outside. Capacity - 120 ltrs. (approx.). 40 cm x 40cm x 80 cm

10. Stop Watch : To measure the flow rate & time required for 10 rev. of
Energy meter.

Procedure:-
01. Put sufficient clean water in main tank say 85 - 90%. Prime the pump.
02. Keep discharge valve fully open and let the water fall in the main tank.
03. Switch on the Pump and start increasing the speed gradually with help of Dimmerstat.
04. Set required speed of pump say 1200 rpm and record the readings of suction, discharge
pressure and power consumed by the pump from energy meter.
05. Measure the discharge of the pump in the measuring tank by using the stop clock.
Take 3 to 4 sets of readings by varying the discharge and also varying motor speed.

Observation Table:-

Sr. Pump Speed Time required to Energy meter


Hd in
Hs in m. reach 10 cm. Of time for 10
No. RPM m
water height. revolutions.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGG.
SEMESTER IV

Formulae’s;-

1) SHAFT HORSE POWER


NX 3600
S .H .P 
tc X EMC

Where N = No. Of Revolutions of EM = 10


tc = Time for N revolutions in sec.
EMC = Energy meter constant = 1600IMP/KwHr
2) WATER POWER
 g Q H Static
W .H .P 
1000 ……………Kw
Where

Hstatic = Hs + (Hd) (Hs & Hd) to be calculated from vacuum and pressure gauge readings.
Hstatic = ( hs x 13.6 x 10-3 ) + hd x 10 hs = mm of Hg., hd = kg/cm2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
Q = Discharge = 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 …………….. m3/sec.

3) OVERALL EFFICIENCY
W .P
  X 100
S .P

Precautions:-

1. Priming is necessary before starting of the pump or experiment.


2. Leakage should be avoided in joints.
3. Foot valve should be checked periodically.
4. Lubricate the moving parts.
5. Before starting the Motor / Pump see that dimmer knob is at its most anticlockwise ( zero )
position.
6. After completing the experiments the sump tank / measurement tank is to be drained
completely and kept dry if there is vacation / long gap in conducting experiments.

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