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Assignment: TOPIC: Human Brain

The document is an assignment submitted by Maham Azmat to Dr. Akash Sayed on the topic of the human brain. It discusses the anatomy and structure of the brain, including that it is made up of more than 100 billion nerves connected by trillions of synapses. It notes the brain weighs around 3.3 lbs and contains around 86 billion neurons. The largest part is the cerebrum, divided into two hemispheres, with the cerebellum behind it and brainstem below. The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate.

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Maham Azmat
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47 views

Assignment: TOPIC: Human Brain

The document is an assignment submitted by Maham Azmat to Dr. Akash Sayed on the topic of the human brain. It discusses the anatomy and structure of the brain, including that it is made up of more than 100 billion nerves connected by trillions of synapses. It notes the brain weighs around 3.3 lbs and contains around 86 billion neurons. The largest part is the cerebrum, divided into two hemispheres, with the cerebellum behind it and brainstem below. The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and controls vital functions like breathing and heart rate.

Uploaded by

Maham Azmat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC: Human Brain

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Akash Sayed

SUBMITTED BY: Maham Azmat

REJISTRATION NUMBER:MICP1707

M.ISLAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY


BRAIN
The brain is one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body.
It is made up of more than 100 billion nerves that communicate in trillions of connections called
synapses.

 The human brain is the largest brain of all vertebrates relative to body size
 It weighs about 3.3 lbs. (1.5 kilograms)
 The brain makes up about 2 percent of a human's body weight
 The cerebrum makes up 85 percent of the brain's weight
 It contains about 86 billion nerve cells (neurons) — the "gray matter"
 It contains billions of nerve fibers (axons and dendrites) — the "white matter"
 These neurons are connected by trillions of connections, or synapses

Anatomy of the human brain


The largest part of the human brain is the cerebrum, which is divided into two hemispheres.
Underneath lies the brainstem, and behind that sits the cerebellum. The outermost layer of
the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, which consists of four lobes: the frontal lobe, the
parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe.
Like all vertebrate brains, the human brain develops from three sections known as the forebrain,
midbrain and hindbrain. Each of these contains fluid-filled cavities called ventricles. The forebrain
develops into the cerebrum and underlying structures; the midbrain becomes part of the brainstem;
and the hindbrain gives rise to regions of the brainstem and the cerebellum.

The brainstem connects to the spinal cord and consists of the medulla oblongata, pons and
midbrain. The primary functions of the brainstem include: relaying information between the
brain and the body; supplying some of the cranial nerves to the face and head;
and performing critical functions in controlling the heart, breathing and consciousness.

Between the cerebrum and brainstem lie the thalamus and hypothalamus. The thalamus relays sensory
and motor signals to the cortex and is involved in regulating consciousness, sleep and alertness. The
hypothalamus connects the nervous system to the endocrine system — where hormones are produced
— via the pituitary gland.

The cerebellum lies beneath the cerebrum and has important functions in motor control. It
plays a role in coordination and balance, and may also have some cognitive functions.
Medulla + Pons + Midbrain

It serves to develop the connection of spinal cord with the cerebellum and
cerebrum. The brainstem is the place from which ten of the twelve cranial nerves
originate. This part of the brain also plays an important role in the cont rol of a
large number of involuntary processes, including those of breathing, coughing,
swallowing, vomiting, sneezing and digestion. Several other automatic functions,
like body temperature maintenance, control of heartbeat rate, and the regulation
of sleep and wake cycles, etc.

REFERENCES:

 http://www.humanbrainfacts
 www.webmd.com

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