GO Chapter 2_ Kinematics of PROBLEMS Introductory Problems 2/101 A tost car starts from rest on a horizontal eireular track of 80-m radius and increases its speed at uniform rate to reach 100 km/h in 10 seconds, De- termine the magnitude a of the total acceleration of ‘the ear 8 seconds after the start. Ans. a= 6.77 mis* Problem 2/101 2/102 The car moves on a horizontal surface without any. slippage ofits tires. For each of the eight horizontal, acceleration vectors, describe in words the instan- taneous motion of the ear. The car velocity is di- rected to the left as shown for all eases. 2% % a ag te Problem 2/102 2/103 A particle moves in a circular path of 0.3-m radius. Caleulate the magnitude a of the acceleration of the particle (a) if its spood is constant at 0.6 m/s and (6) if its speed is 0.6 mis but is inereasing at the rate ‘of 0.9 mys each second, Ans. (@) 4 = 1.2. mis*, (6)a= 1.5 mis? 2/108 2/105 The car passes through a dip in the road at A with a constant speed which gives its mass center G an acceleration equal to 0.5g. If the radius of curva- ture of the road at A is 100 m, and if the distance from the road to the mass center G of the car is, 0.6 m, determine the speed v of the ear. / 06m Problem 2/104 ‘The car travels at a constant speed from the bot- tom A of the dip to the top # of the hump. Ifthe ra- dius of eurvature of the road at A is py = 120 mand ‘the car acceleration at A is 0.4g, determine the ear speed v. If the acceleration at B must be limited to 0.25g, determine the minimum radius of curvature pg of the road at B. Ans. v = 21.6 mis, pg = 1904 m B 2/106 Problem 2/105 ‘The particle P moves in the circular path shown. Sketch the aceeleration veetor a and determine its ‘magnitude a for the following cases: (a) the speed v is 12 m/s and is constant, (b) the speed is 1.2 m/s and is inereasing at the rate of 2.4 m/s each second, and (c) the speed is 1.2 m/s and is decreasing at the rate of 4.8 mis each second. In each case the part cle is in the position shown in the figure.2/103 2/108 A particie moves along the curved path shown. The particle has a speed 1, = 12 f¥/ase at time fy and a speed vy = 14 fY/spe at time f,. Determine the aver- age values of the normal and tangential acceler ‘ions of the particle betweea paints A and B. Ans. 6, = 10-31 f/ece! 9.09 tse" Problem 2/107 ‘A pattide mevee on a circular path of radiue + = 0.8 m with a constant speed of 2 m/s. The velocity ‘undexgoce a vector change Av from A to B, Exproso Use maybe uf Sut Lets ute ated A0 aul civil it by the timo interval Af betweon A and B to obtain the magnitude of the average acceleration of the par= ticle for (a) A@ = 80°, @) Ad = 15°, and (e) AY = 5°.In ‘each case, determine the percentage difference from the instantaneous value of acceleration, 2/109 The figure shows two possible paths for negotiating an unbanked turn on a horizontal pertion of a race couse, Poth A-A follows the centerline of the road tnd huss ruxtius of curvature 4 ~ 85 m, while path ‘B-18 uses the widt of the road to good advantage in increasing the radius of curvature to pg = 200m. If ‘the drivers limit their speeds in theiz curves to that ‘the lateral acceleration does not excood (.8,, deter. tine the maximum speed for each path. Ans, bg = 258 m9, yg = 39.6.m/0 AB Problem 2/109 Considor tho pelar wis of the esrth to be fxed in space ane compute the magnitude of the acceleration of a point P on the carth’s surface at Initude 40° north. The mean diameter cf the carta s 12 742 km sna ito angular volocity ia 0.729(00~4 sa, Problem 2/1102/111 A minivan starts from rest on the read whose con- stant radius of eurvature is 40 m and whose bank angle is 10° The motion occurs in @ horizontal plane. If the constant forward aereleration af the minivan iz 18 mie, determine the magnitude @ of is total acceleration 5 seconds after starting. Ans, a= 2.71 mis* p24) m— Problem 2/111 2A car rounds a tum of constant curvature he- tween A and B with a steady spood of 45 mifhr. IF an accelerometer were mounted in the car, what ‘magnitude of seceleration would it record between Aand BY Problem 2/112 2/113 A space shuttle which moves in a circular orbit around the earth at a height h = 150 mi above its surface must have a speed of 17,369 mi/br. Calcalate the gravitational acceleration g for this altitude. The ‘mean radius of the earth is 8959 mi. (Check your an- wor by computing g from the gravitational law air ede) where go = 32:22 fuse from Table D/2 mAppendix D.) ‘Ans. dg = g = 20.91 se" b= 150 mi ~~ Problem 2/113 2/114 A spacecraft $ is oxbiting Jupiter in cizeuar path 190) km above the surfuce with a constant speed Using the gravitational law, caleulate the magni- tude v of ts orbital velocity with respect to Jupiver. ‘The diameter of Jupiter i 142 984 km and its sur- face level gravitational acceleration ia 24.86 m/s Ssg Problem 2/114 2/115 At the bottom A of the vertical inside loop, the ‘magnitude of the total acceleration of the airplane is 8g. IF the airspeed is 800 km/h and is increasing at the rate of 20 km/a per second, caleulato the ra dius of curvature p of the path at A, “Ans. p= 1709 m2/116 A car travels along the level curved road with a speed which is decreasing at the constant rate of 0.8 mis each second. ‘The speed of tho ear as it ustes point A is 16 més, Calculate the magnitude of the total accslanation of the ear as it passes point B which is 120m along the road from A. The radius ofemivature of the road at 3 is 60 m, Problem 2/116 2/117 Yo simulate a condition of “weightlessness” in its ‘cobin, « jot transport traveling at 800 knv/h moves on a sustained vertical curve as shown. Ab what sale @ in degrees ger second stould the pilot drop ‘nis longitudinal ine of sight to affect the desired ‘condition? The maneuver takes place at a mean al- ‘itude of 8 lem, and the gravitational acceleration ‘may be taken 289.79 mist Ana, fi ~ 2.52 dogle Problem 2/117 2/119 A rockot traveling above the atmosphor article 2/3 _P In the design of a timing mechanism, the motion of the pin A in the fixed circular slot is controlled by the guide B, which is being elevated by its lead serew with a constant upward velocity eg = 2 iis for an interval of its motion, Calculate both the normal and tangential components of acceleration of pin A az it passes the position for whiels = 20° Problem 2/118 tue of 500 kn would have a free-fall acceleration = 843 ny in the absence of forces other than fravitational attraction. Because of thrust, how- ever, the rocket has an addtional acceleration com- onent a, of $80 mis® tangent to its trajectory, hich makes an angle of 80° with the vertical at the instant considered, If the velocity » of the rocket is 20 000 km/h at this positon, compute the raiiue of curvature p of the trajectory and the sate st which cis changing with time. “Ans. p= 16.480 ben, 499 m/s64 _Chapter2 Kinematics of Pai 2/120 ayn ‘The wheel and attached pulley rotete about the Axed shaft at O and are driven by the belt shown, ‘At a certain instant the velocity and acceleration af ‘8 point Aon the helt avo 2 fysoe and 6 Fisac%, no. spectively, beth in the direction shown. Calculate the magnitude of the toral acceleration of point BE on the wheal for thie instant, Obeerve that the Lin- ‘ear motion of point A on the belt and the tangential ‘motion of a point on the 4-in.-radius circle are iden- ‘tical and that (i and G for the radial lines to all points on the who are the same, 4 Problem 2/120 ‘The proliminary decign fora “small” space station to orbit the earth in a circular path consists ofa ring (torus) with a circular cross section a8 shown. The living space within the tomas is shown in section A, whore the “ground lovel” ix 20 8. from the santo of the section, Caieate the angular sped Vin rele tions per minute recuired to simulate standard gray- ity atthe eurfoce of the carth (82.17 fvsc"). Recall hat you would be unaqware of a gravitational fold if ‘you were in a nonzotating spacecraft in a circular onbit around the earth Ana. N = 8.96 rev/min Problem 2/121 2/122 ‘The design of a camshafi-drive system of a four cylinder aucemobile engine is shown. As the engine fs vevved up, the helt apsed v changes uniformly from 8 mia te 6 mls over a two-accond intorval. Cal. ceulate the magnitudes of the accelerations of points Py and Py halfway through this time inte: va, mm Comsat Pi sprocket Drive be | tensioner Cranks sprocket Problem 2/1222/123 he cirection ef motion of a fiat tape in a numeri- cal-sontral device ia changed by the two pulleys A and B shown. I the epeed of the tape increases unt- formly irom 2 mie to 18 m/s while 8 motors of tapo pass over the pulleys, calculate the magnitude of Eley accalarationsot polst Pon: the: tepa in contnet with pulley B at she instant when the tape speed Is 3m's Ansa = 63.2 m/s! Problem 2/123 2/124 A small partide P starts from point with a negigk bile speed and increases its speed to a valu v = y where y isthe yertizal drop from O. When x = 50 i, determine the n-comporent of acceleration of the particle, (ee Art. C/10 for the radius of eurvasuee.) Problem 2/128 2/125 Magnotie tope runs over the idler pulley in a com- puter as shown. I? the total acceleration ofa point P fn the tape in contact with the pulley makes an angio of 4” with the tangent to the tape at time f — 0 when the velocity v of the tape is 4 m{s, determine ‘Hie Giese trecgainad Gost tha play Bere vba constant deceleration, Assume no slipping between the pullay and the tape. x0110-%) 5 Problem 2/125 2/126 A tuceball player releases « ball with the initial conditions shown in the figure. Determine the ra- dius of curvature of Ue trajectory (e) just after rer lease and (4) at the apex. For each case, compute the time rate of change a! the speed. 1p = 100 flsee Problem 2/12666 Chapter 2 Kinematics of 2/127 2128 articles For the baseball of Prob, 2/126, determine the radius of curvature p ofthe path and the time rato of change of the spced at times t = 1 see and t = 25 sc, whore ¢ = 0 is the time of rolease trom the player's hand. 218 1, 5 = ~6.48 Msec* (6) p= 278A, b = 10.70 fhisec* At a certain point in the reentry of the space Shuttle into the earth's atmorphere, the total ac. celeration of the shuttle may be represented by ‘wo comporents. One component ia the gravita Sigma acceleration g — 9.66 m/s? ut this altitude The second component equals 12.90 m/s* due to atmosghorie resistance anc is divested oppcsite to the velocity. The sburtle is at an altitude of 48.2 kem and has rechiced its orbital velecity of 28 300 km/h to 15 450 kan ia the direction @ ~ 1.50" For this instant, eleulste the radius of eurvature »p of the path and tho rete # at whieh the spood ia changing, 218 Problem 2/128, Race ear A follows path 0-0 while mee ear 8 follows path b-b on the unbaniKed track. If each ear hats a constant speed limited to that corresponding to a lateral (norraal) acceleration of 0.8, determine the ‘times f4 and fy for both cars to negotiate the turn as delimited by the line C.C. Ans. [4 = 10.825, f9 = 10.885 Problem 2/129 2/130 A ball is thrown horizontally from the top of a 180- At cliff at A with a speed of 50 it'see and lands at point C. Because of a strong hrizontedl wind, the ball has a constant acceleration in the negative direction. Determine the ricius of eurvature p of the path of the ball at B where its trajectory makes an angle of 45° with the horizontal. Neglect any of ect of alr resistance in the vertical direction, Problem 2/1302/151 A race driver traveling at a speed of 250 km/h on. ‘the straightaway applios hls brakes at point A and ‘educea hia speed at a uniform rate to 200 lem/h at Cin a distance of 150 + 180 = 800m. Caleulate the magnitude of the total aeceleration of the race ear ‘an instant aller it passes point B Ans. a= 8.42 m/e? Problem 2/131 2/132 Daring « short interval the slotted guides are de- signed to move according tox = 16 — 12+ 4¢* and y= 2 15¢— 3°, where.x and y are in millimeters: fand/is in secoads, At the instant when = 2 8, de- ‘ermine the nadias of curvature p of the path of the constrained pir P. Article 2/5 Problems 67 2/135 In the design of a contro! mechanism, the vertical slotted gulde 1s moving with a constant velocity E = 15 in.ace during the interval of motion frem x= Sin. toe = +8 in. Por the instant when = 6 in, calculate the n-and f-eamponents of accelora- tion of the pin B, which is confined to enove ia Ue parabolic slot. From these results, determine the radius of curvature of the path at this positicn, ‘Verily your result by computing p from the expres- sion cited in Appendix C/10, Ans. p= 19.06 in 0 Problem 2/133 (2/134 In a handling test. a car is driven through the slalom course shown, It is assumed that the car path is sinusoidal and that the maximum lateral acceleration is 0.7g. If the tocters wich to design a slalom through which the maximum speed 15 80 kun/h, what cone spacing L should be used? ‘Ane. L = 468.10 jim i