FEU DILIMAN (FEU-FERN COLLEGE) 

A Comparative Study of the Observable Impact of Vape and Cigarette to the Human Body

to its Users

By

Guerrero, Stephen Kevin

Baya, Aaron Matthew

Pabuna, Mariane Victoria

Reyes, Robin Cyrus

Vidamo, Shania Niña

STEM-Health Allied

Far Eastern University-Diliman

Quezon City

2018
 Table of Contents

Chapter I

Introduction 3

Statement of the Problem 5

Scope and Limitation 6

Significance of the Study 6

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Study 8

Theoretical Framework 10

Conceptual Framework 12

Statement of the Hypothesis and assumptions of the Study 13

Operational Definition of Terms 14

Chapter III

Research Design 17

Participants of the Study 19

Instrument of the Study 19

Data Collection Procedure 20

Chapter IV

Cigarette Users Only 23

Vape Users Only 25

Both Users 27

General Weighted Mean 31

1
 Chapter V

Summary 35

Conclusion 36

Recommendations 37

Chapter VI

Appendix A (Attached File)

Appendix B (Attached File)

Appendix C (Attached File)

Appendix D (Attached File)

2
 Chapter I

The Problem and Its Background

I. Introduction

Cigarette or Tobacco is the most widely recognized indecencies that Filipinos do

beside steady drinking of liquor and betting. When the Spanish first introduced this, it is

approximately 2 inch piece object, the Filipinos needed to plant a tobacco plant and do

the whole process by themselves. But nowadays, people have seen that cigarette is more

customer-wise since it can be found in every convenience store in the Philippines. Prices

of cigarettes become more expensive because of the Sin Tax Law, yet this does not stop

the Filipinos from purchasing it since it considerably serves as one way of relaxation as a

majority would put it. As time progresses, people started to test out new ways to combine

cigarettes and technology in to one. Hence the birth of the electronic cigarette or vape as

Filipinos have known. Vapes are similar to cigarettes wherein users puff smoke out from

a tube like device. The cost of vape and its maintenance is quite expensive compared to

cigarette, but some argue that in the long term it is more effect worthy of investment.

Nonetheless, the effects of using cigarette and vape are still evident for many.It is

additionally a known learning to the individuals who utilizes it the negative impacts of

them exclusively. In any case, we are as yet observing Filipinos utilizing them as a type

of unwinding process.

As of today, thousands and millions of Filipinos are addicted to smoking, not just

to the traditional cigarette but also to e-cigarette or popularly known as vape. There are

3
17.3M estimated number of Filipinos aged fifteen and older who smoke everyday(Gats,

2009), and the number increases as time passed by. E-cigarette or vape is a

battery-operated device that vaporizes a liquid chemical solution called “juice”, it is an

evident alternative to the traditional cigarette because it is a lot safer yet the device does

not act on the main problem which is the addiction of most Filipinos to nicotine.

Accordingly, cigarette smoking was introduced in the Philippines in the late sixteenth

century and up until now many Filipinos are still smoking cigarettes. Both cigarette

smoking and e-cigarette smoking has plenty of harmful effects to one’s health which can

later on affect their everyday living(Morean, 2018).

According to the World Health Organization, among young people, the short-term

health consequences of smoking include respiratory and non-respiratory effects, addiction

to nicotine, and the associated risk of other drug use. Long-term health consequences of

youth smoking are reinforced by the fact that most young people who smoke regularly

continue to smoke throughout adulthood. Teens who smoke are three times more likely

than nonsmokers to use alcohol, eight times more likely to use marijuana, and twenty two

times more likely to use cocaine. Smoking hurts young people's physical fitness in terms

of both performance and endurance, even among young people trained in competitive

running. Smoking is a major thing that should be considered as a huge problem in the

society, things have been invented to alter cigarettes and tobacco across the globe mostly

by different manufacturers, smoke pipe have been made, tobaccos have been useful, and

now another thing was on the top and revolutionized the whole smoking idea,

e-cigarettes, being widely known around the world as "vape" which is an alternative to

4
 cigarettes that come with different flavors(Morean, 2018).This being said, this study aims

to use a statistical-typed data were the researchers will compare the observable impact of

those respondents that uses cigarette or vape.

II. Statement of The Problem

The main objective of the study titled: “A Comparative Study of the Observable

Impact of Vape and Cigarette to the Human Body to its Users”, is to compare the impact of

cigarette and vape to the observable impact of the respondents through statistic-typed data. The

researchers of the study has created a guided research objective in order to have an idea of the

data that must be collected for the study that the researchers will investigate. The study will be

focusing and aiming to gain its goals for this study; furthermore, this study specifically seeks to

answer the following questions:

● Who uses vape and cigarette in terms of:

I. Sex

II. Age

● What is the difference between the observable impact of vape and cigarette to those who

used them respectively(smokers)?

● What is the average consumption rate of vape or cigarette of the respondents in a day?

5
III. Scope and Limitation

This study mainly focuses on the statistical comparison of the general health profile of

vape users and cigarette users in FEU Diliman. The scope of this study will include the number

of people who prefer vape or cigarette, the psychological aspects(See Frameworks of the study)

on what made them choose vape or cigarette, and the different health abnormality that they may

get from using vape or cigarette.

The statistical comparison will be limited to the observable impact to those who are

currently in usage of vape or cigarette. The study will only rely on the perception of the

respondents and their deliberation whether the provided positive and negative impact are all of

their considered factors on the effects of using vape or cigarette. The researchers are too collect

their perceived effects and not to alternate their own belief whether the main cause of the said

impacts are caused by vape and cigarette.

IV. Significance of The Study

One of the preventable causes of early death is smoking and this study not only to

educate the users but also other sectors of the community for them to be fully aware of

the effects of smoking in their lifestyle.

This study is conducted to benefit the following:

USERS. The user will have a knowledge of the things that he or she might or

have already encountered while doing this vice. They will be educated of the

consequence that their body will go through.

6
 STUDENTS. This study will educate the students of what will be the possible

changes that they might encounter if they started or planning to start smoking or use

e-cigarette/vape. This study will also persuade the students specially the minors to not

attempt to do this vice.

FUTURE RESEARCHER. The future researcher will be able to understand the

effects that smoking might bring to the user. Apply this study for future researches that

could be beneficial for the society.

PARENTS. This study will also educate the parents most especially if they are

also a user to guide their children, to be a good example for the minors so that they won’t

be curious on things like this.

SCHOOL. As the second home of the students, they spent half of their lives in

this four corner, and in this four corners the school can influence the students easily. With

the help of the teachers, guidance counselor and disciplinary, they can guide the students

to have a healthy living and properly educate them about the short and long term effects

of smoking.

COMMUNITY. The community is also one of the biggest factor that helps a child

grow, and with this study people inside the community can be educated of the short and

long term effects of smoking and how badly this vice can ruin a life of someone. Being

an adult, you have the responsibility to become a good example to the youths for them to

know what is good and bad for them.

7
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Study

I. Review of Related Literature and Study

It is known that smoking pollutes the air, litters our streets, water, and results in

accidental ingestion by small animals and children. cooperation is needed in order to

lessen this impact, and restore the planet to health. In Elsevier “Environmental Research”

(2018) according to a report published by the Center for Tobacco Control Research and

Education University of California, although young people are rapidly adopting

e-cigarettes, there is a high level of dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes

among adults, mainly due to the belief that electronic cigarettes help to stop smoking. In

that sense, all population-based studies of adult use show the highest rate of e-cigarette

use among current smokers, followed by former smokers, with little use among

non-smokers (Dockrell et al., 2013; King et al., 2013). Americans have become more and

more educated on the various forms of heart disease, lung disease and cancers smoking

can create. It is also common knowledge that smoking causes discoloration of fingernails

and teeth as well as other cosmetically damaging effects. Worldwide, tobacco causes five

(5) million deaths annually, according to the World Health Organization. The

Environmental research of Elsevier (2018) focused about the Effects of e-cigarettes and

the rate of population whether if its more in urban or rural, the “addictive behaviors”

focuses on prevalence and correlates of US adults' intentions to engage in assertive

communication (i.e., speak up) about others' smoking and vaping in public venues.

8
However, train operators, pubs and employers should rethink blanket bans on e-cigarette

use which make smokers less likely to quit tobacco products and are not backed by

evidence, MPs have said. A major report the Commons Science and Technology

Committee has warned smokers are dying as a result of ministers’ misconceptions about

the risks of e-cigarettes, and calls for a national debate and regulatory overhaul. Most

open and private associations have expanded bans on smoking in broad daylight spots to

e-cigarettes, regardless of them being absolved from "without smoke" enactment and

being altogether more secure. Albeit base on other article wellbeing proficient NHS

believes, 66% are worried about the perils of "used e-cigarette vapor". This is countering

good judgment arrangements to lift them to smokers especially among psychological

wellness patients. Because of the exploration Fifty-two (52) percent of members detailed

being probably going to ask somebody not to smoke in no less than one setting contrasted

and 19% for vaping.

In previous research from Elsevier journal titled "Addictive Behaviors" by

Meghan Moreana M., Krishnan-Sarin S., & O'Malley S. (2018) they compared cigarette

and e-cigarette dependence. Today, few studies have examined e-cigarette dependence

relative to cigarette dependence. Although nicotine e-cigarette use can produce peak

nicotine levels comparable to smoking cigarettes, research suggests that e-cigarette users

experience vaping as producing less severe dependence. Furthermore, according to

(Foulds et al., 2014; González et al., 2017) the retrospective reports of cigarette

dependence made by current e-cigarette users who were former smokers. Although this

approach may not be inherently invalid, it potentially raises concerns about accurate

9
 recall or about former smokers' favorable bias toward e-cigarettes, which are perceived as

being safer than cigarettes. Consistent with research of Moreana(Addictive Behaviors,

2018), they found out that it is possible that these effects were driven by e-cigarette users

who are trying to cut down or stop smoking cigarettes. They also focused their research

on dual-users who can identify and differentiate cigarettes and e-cigarettes. They

measured the magnitude of the relationship between cigarette and e-cigarette dependence

as an indicator of whether dual-users could distinguish cigarette from e-cigarette

dependence.

As an end, the supporting references exhibited by the researchers, shows that

cigarette reliance is related with expanded smoking recurrence, while e-cigarette reliance

is related with expanded vaping recurrence. The research study remarkably inspected

how double clients' cigarette and e-cigarette identify with the utilizing of every item

when they are entered at the same time as indicators.

II. Theoretical Framework

In this investigatory study of the researchers, they will be needing a specific

psychological model theory that will be helpful in organizing the accumulation of the

necessary data that the study needs to collect in order to create a conclusion for the study.

A psychological model typed theory is what the researchers will use since the

accumulation of the data or the survey answering form will based on the perception of

the respondents on their health situation when using cigarette or vape. In this study, the

researchers will use The Health Belief Model which is being used by psychologist and

health professionals to assess a patient's health condition and lifestyle choices.

10
 During the 1950’s, social psychologist Godfrey Hochbaum and his colleagues

who were working at the U.S. Public Health Services developed the Health Belief Model.

The Health Belief Model is a widely used theoretical model used in understanding health

behavior or health perception. The HBM is used as a predictor of a patient or a

respondents health-related behavior by using the model’s key factors(ReCAPP,2018).

The HBM contains eight essential key factors that the researchers will be using as a guide

for the construction of the survey questionnaire.

The HBM (Wikipedia,2018)

The HBM has the following key factors; the modifying variables, described as the

demographic and psychosocial variables of the audience such as gender, peer group, etc.

Perceived Seriousness/Severity, referred as the subjective assessment of severity of the

developing health problem. Perceived Susceptibility, the subjective assessment of the risk

of the developing health problem. Perceive Benefit vs. Barriers or Threat, the individuals

assessment of the pros and cons of their current health condition. Self-efficacy, refers to

the competence of the individual to successfully perform a behavior. Cues to action,

11
 refers to what triggers the individual to engage on a health-promoting behavior. And the

likelihood of an individual to engage in any change regarding their belief on their general

health condition(Carpenter, 2010).

III. Conceptual Framework

IPO Model of the study and theoretical framework

The input of the study is based on the modifying variables, perceived severity,

susceptibility, threat, benefits, barrier, and threat. Since the researchers are accumulating

data that refers to the perception of the respondents, it is needed that six of the key factors

of the health belief model is located in the input of the study. The self-efficacy and Cues

are located at the processing of the study since that the researchers will interpret the data

using the two factors, it will also be in help in deliberating whether the respondents is

giving the proper behavior and competence towards their health condition. The Output of

the study will give the full statistical interpretation of that study that will give the

12
 respondents and researchers of this study to understand the nature of the results and make

use as engagement of changing the respondents general behavioral health beliefs.

IV. Statement of the Hypothesis and Assumptions of the Study

The nature and discipline of the study requires the researchers to predict and

formulate several hypotheses for the study so the researchers will have a general idea on

what to expect as the data collected from the respondents creates the statistical

interpretations.

The following statements are the accumulated predictions of the researchers

towards the results and outcome of the study;

● The nature of the respondents who uses vape will have a much more

positive perception on their observable effects assessment of themselves,

vape users had the perception that e-cigarettes are less dangerous or risky

compared to those who uses cigarette on the daily basis.

● The respondents of the study who will be claiming to use cigarette rather

than vape will give a response which will be inclined to the negative side,

since they are more aware of the general effects of them using cigarette

which has more chemical component compared to vape.

The researchers also created specific assumptions for the study at hand.

● The demographic profile of respondents will have a large scope on males

rather than females, since males are the most likely to use either of the two

items stated on the study. The data of the study will also give the

13
 researchers a large statistical gap regarding the general health perception

of vape users and cigarettes users.

● The psychological belief of cigarette users tends are more complex

compared to those who uses vape since cigarette users are more

knowledgeable on what they are doing to their general health condition.

V. Operational Definition of Terms

Addictive- causing a strong and harmful need to regularly have or do something

E-cigarettes- electronic cigarette also known as vape

Euphoria- extreme happiness

Health Belief Model- ​a psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health

behaviors. This is done by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals

Indicator- a sign that shows the condition or existence of something

14
Juice/E-Juice- the liquid substance applied on the vape.

Nicotine- a poisonous substance in tobacco that makes it difficult for people to stop

smoking cigarettes

Predicator- an instrument or thing that identifies a specific subject

Revolutionize- to change (something) very much or completely, to cause a revolution in

(something)

Smoke pipe- old type of tobacco, a wooden pipe shaped instrument use for smoking

Smoking- to suck the smoke from a cigarette, cigar, pipe, etc., into your mouth and lungs

and then exhale it

Tobacco- a plant that produces leaves which are smoked in cigarettes, pipes, etc.

Univariate- characterized by or depending on only one random variable.

15
 V

Vape- to inhale vapor through the mouth from a usually battery-operated electronic device

(such as an electronic cigarette) that heats up and vaporizes a liquid or solid. This

electronic cigarette…contains a small reservoir of liquid nicotine solution that is vaporized

to form an aerosol mist.

16
 Chapter III

Methodology

I. Research Design

The research design has five components that the researchers will use in determining a

conclusive deliberation regarding the study. The following subsections will specifically explains

each of the components needed for the research study.

● Quantitative Study, Non-experimental Design, Statistical Data

The research study of the researchers from 12-Simplicity needs a quantitative approach

for such two reasons. First, is that the objective of the study is to attain a statistical data

comparison of the two variables that the study is being observe of, vape and cigarettes. Second, is

that the statistical data which will be interpreted by researchers can correlate with actual and

realistic data. Choosing a qualitative data for this kind of research study may lead up to several

confusions regarding to the answers of each respondents. A better correlated statistical data can

be used in such ways that it can convince the readers that the data collected by the researchers,

has accuracy and precision when it come to the specific population for the study.

Since the researchers are to use a survey type of comparative data, the researchers will

use a non-experimental data. The variables of the study has 3 parts; vape-users, cigarette-users,

and 12-STEM students who will be the population size of the research study. The

non-experimental design is also advisable to use since there are no involvement of laboratory

equipment, specified test subjects, and laboratory experiment for the research study of the

researchers. The non-experimental design of the study has two subdivisions; Survey Studies and

Comparing Studies.

17
 The interpretation of the data collected for the statistical comparison of the data is divided

into the three fundamental statistical measurement. The study data interpretation will be drawn by

its average(mean), middle score(median), and most frequent(mode), in that order the data will be

easily compared by the researchers of the research study. The statistical treatment of data

collected will give the researchers the conclusions of the study to determine the difference of the

two the studies.

● Survey Studies

The research study of the researchers needs a quantitative analysis of the data collected.

The survey studies is design to collect the data that is needed for the interpretation of the study.

The survey-questionnaire is designed to comprise of 2 answering styles; Yes/No typed and

Multiple Choice typed. This is to group the respondents according to their responses for each

question which has been included in the survey-questionnaire which was validated by the 3

Research Advisers.

● Comparing Studies

The researchers research study, entitled “Statistical Comparison of the Observable Impact

of Vape and Cigarette to the Human Body to its users.” comprises of two key variables. The

research study requires to compare, in terms of collected statistical data, the two variables of the

research study which is vape and cigarettes. The objective of the statistical data of the study is to

compare the two variables. The survey-questionnaire of the research study is divided by two key

parts. A questionnaire set for both Vape users and Cigarette users comprises the data that the

study needs for the comparison of the two variables.

18
II. Instruments of The Study

The researchers will design a questionnaire in order to identify and gather the needed data for the

research study. The instrument that the researchers will use in the study is a questionnaire due to the

reason that the research study requires 150 respondents and the best instrument that fits is a

survey-questionnaire. The questionnaire will consist a series of close ended questions to determine the

observable impact of Vape and Cigarette to its users. Through a questionnaire, the researchers will easily

classify the data which is the Statistical Comparison of the Observable Impact of Vape and Cigarette to its

users. The questionnaire of the research study is has two subdivisions that represents the two key

variables of the study. This is due of the avoidance of any confusion regarding to which of the two

variable the questions is referring to. The researchers of the research study projects that the data collection

will be acquired in just five school days since the collection will be divided to the researchers equally.

III. Participants of The Study

The researchers will design a questionnaire in order to identify and gather the needed data for the

study. The instrument that the researchers will use in the study is a questionnaire due to the reason that the

study requires 150 respondents and the best instrument that fits is a questionnaire. The questionnaire will

consist a series of close ended questions to determine the observable impact of Vape and Cigarette to its

users. Through a questionnaire the researchers will easily classify the data which is the Statistical

Comparison of the Observable Impact of Vape and Cigarette to its users. The research study’s population

size is 310 students all coming from the twelfth grade of the Science,Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics or STEM Strand. The sample space of the the research study is 150 students. The

researchers will have a confidential identity regarding to the respondents for safety of the data being

collected by the researchers of the research study. The respondents of the study will be divided into 2

divisions; respondents who uses either or both of the variables or respondents who do not use.

19
Respondents who are identified as users was divided into 3 subdivisions; vape users, cigarette users, or

both user.

IV. Data Collection Procedure

In the research the instrument that we will be used are Questionnaire and Surveys, the researchers

printed out the questions that will used, then distribute it to the STEM Grade 12 students here in FEU

Diliman. The research aims to use the correspondents’ answers to make sure that the research would be

more accurate and efficient. All of the questions that are made for this questionnaire are all well prepared

and will give the researchers direct answers that will be needed from the correspondents, as for the

researchers the question will be very satisfactory towards our research objectives. The data collection

timetable will be done under a week including the collection process itself and the distribution of the data.

Each of the five researchers of the study will be handing out 30 survey-questionnaire to the respondents

and will kept all answers at utmost confidentiality. The data collection process will be done in such

manner that the researchers will not interrupt classes and each of the researchers will be handling out a

letter allowing the researchers to conduct such study.

20
 CHAPTER IV

Results and Discussions

The following set of data interpretations undergone in two (2) statistical analysis. For the

questionnaire of the study, the researchers used a percentage system and the observation chart is

calculated using the the General Weighted Mean.

Demographics

Out of the 150 Respondents of our study, 41.33% of the population claimed that they used

cigarette or vape on a daily basis while, the 58.67% remaining of the respondent population answered no

to our survey question. The remaining 62 respondent was the identified by their age, sex, and preference

of the variables.

21
 The 67.74% of the respondents who uses vape or cigarette are under the sex group of males

while, the 32.26% of the respondents are females.

The largest age group of the research study came from the 18 year old which filled up 46.77% of

the chart. The 17 and 19 year olds has close range with 27.42% and 25.62% respectively.

22
 Surprisingly, the percentage value of those who uses both and vape and cigarette exceeded those

who uses either variable independently. With 23 out of 62 respondents(37.10%) said that they used both

variables. Cigarette users are more likely than the vape users with 33.87% and 29.03% of part

respectively.

I. Cigarette Users Only

57.14% of the respondents consume 1 to 5 sticks per day and 23.81% of the respondents

consume 6 to 10 sticks while the 19.05% respondents consumes 10 or more sticks per day. The

respondents has generally uses 6 to 10 sticks per day.

23
 Out of all the respondents 14.29% of the respondents have been smoking cigarettes for

less than a month and 23.81% of the respondents have been smoking cigarettes for 6 months and

there are 19.05% of the respondents have been smoking cigarettes for 6 months to 1 year while

42.89% of the respondents left are smoking cigarettes for more than a year.

28.57% of the respondents has an interval between 1 to 2 hours before consuming another
cigarette and 33.33% of the respondents has an interval between 3 to 4 hours before consuming
another cigarette and there are 19.05% has an interval between 5 to 6 hours before consuming another
cigarette while the left respondents have 19.05% smoking interval.

24
II. Vape Users Only

39% of the respondents uses vape e-juice with 3 ml nicotine content while the second highest is

28% of the respondents uses vape e-juice without nicotine content and the other percent belongs

to 6 ml with 16% and 17% for 12 ml vape e- juice nicotine content.

Half of the respondents uses vape for 1 - 6 months while 22% of them uses vape for more than 6

months but last than a year and 17% of the respondents uses vape for less than a month while the

least percentage which is 11% uses vape for more than a year

25
A big percentage of respondents which is 56% uses vape for less than 6 hours and 22% for less

than 2 hours while less than and more than 12 hours tied at 11%

The interval of the respondents uses vape with interval of 1-2 hours is 44% and the 39% stated

they have 3-4 hours interval while 17% has 5-6 hours interval and there is no specified interval.

26
III. Both User of Cigarette and Vape

Vape Observation Chart

The amount of nicotine content found in e-juices from the respondents who uses both variables

come up with following conclusions; 34.78% claims that there are 3mL worth of nicotine in their juice,

17.39% for 6mL content, 26.07% for 12mL content and 21.74% of the respondents said that their e-juice

does not contain any nicotine.

For the measurement of how long have they used vape, almost half of the users have been using

vape for more than a year with 47.83% of the population is present. 26.07% of the population have been

27
using for less than 6 months. While, 17.39% just started using vape in less than a year and 8.7% just

started to use vape.

56.52% of the respondents uses their vape on a daily basis for only less than 2 hours. 13.04% uses

it for less than 6 hours while 21.74% of them uses it for half a day. The remaining 8.7% of the graph are

does who consumes it for more than 12 hours.

The intervals of their usage per day are divided as follows; 39.13% uses vape every 1 to 2 hours,

17.39% every 3 to 4 hours, and an equal distribution of 21.74% for those who uses it every 5 to 6 hours or

otherwise, specified.

28
 Cigarette Observation Chart

60.87% of the respondents only smokes 1 to 5 sticks of cigarettes per day. 26.09% consumes 6 to

10 sticks and 13.04% smokes 10 or more. Most of the FEU Diliman students only consumes a minimum

amount of cigarette in a day.

8.7 % of the respondents have only been smoking for less than a month, 21.74% have been

smoking for not more than 6 months and 17.39% for more than a year. An estimate half of the population

of respondents has been smoking for than a year now.

29
 39.13% of the respondents consumes a cigarette every 1 to 2 hours throughout a day. While

21.74% every 3 to 4 hours and 26.09% smokes every 5 to 6 hours. The remaining 13.04% consumes theri

cigarette in a unbalanced time distribution. Some of these result are an interval consumption of every 30

minutes or they only consume one cigarette per day.

30
IV. General Weighted Mean

Cigarette Observation Chart

Effects 1 2 3 4 5 GWM

f wf f wf f wf f wf f wf

Blacken 6 6 2 4 4 12 3 12 6 30 4.27
Lips

Frequent 3 3 1 2 7 21 4 16 6 30 4.8
Coughing

Shortness of 2 2 1 2 3 9 13 52 2 10 5
Breath

Mild 0 0 3 6 6 18 6 24 6 30 5.53
Euphoria

Reduced 0 0 4 8 8 24 2 8 7 35 5
Stress Level

Calm 0 0 8 16 3 9 3 12 7 35 4.8
Feeling

Reduced 3 3 3 6 3 9 7 28 4 20 4.4
Anxiety

Based on the observation chart created for the study, the frequency of positive and negative

responses in each category given above shows that the respondents has the most likelihood to show these

impact, positive and negative. In result of the study, the respondents are more likely to experience mild

euphoria while smoking cigarettes. The respondents also do not perceived that smoking causes blackening

of lips, out of the given negative impacts blacken lips is the least observe changes in the body of the user

or respondent. Also, the given observable positive impact shows a great chance that a users may

experience.

31
Vape Observation Chart

Effects 1 2 3 4 5 GWM

f wf f wf f wf f wf f wf

Blacken 10 10 0 0 3 9 2 8 4 20 3.13
Lips

Frequent 7 7 4 8 1 3 2 8 5 25 3.4
Coughing

Shortness of 7 7 4 8 0 0 2 8 6 30 3.53
Breath

Mild 1 1 4 8 3 9 8 32 3 15 4.33
Euphoria

Reduced 1 1 2 4 2 6 8 32 6 30 4.87
Stress Level

Calm 1 1 2 4 2 6 5 20 9 45 5.07
Feeling

Reduced 2 2 1 2 1 3 5 20 10 50 5.6
Anxiety

The vape user observation chart draws a different set of data that is not similar when compare to

the cigarette chart. The respondents who claims that they use vape as the only variable draws that

negative observable impacts that was given in the questionnaire has little significance with them using

vape. Yet, the positive impacts are closely similar to the cigarette charts. Respondents primarily uses vape

has the most likelihood to feel a reduced feeling of anxiety. While similarly to the cigarette users, the

respondents do not account theri vape usage in the blackening of the lips.

32
Both (Vape)

Effects 1 2 3 4 5 GWM

f wf f wf f wf f wf f wf

Blacken 8 8 2 4 3 9 7 28 3 15 4.27
Lips

Frequent 7 7 1 2 6 18 5 20 4 20 4.47
Coughing

Shortness of 6 6 2 4 7 21 5 20 3 15 4.6
Breath

Mild 1 1 3 6 3 9 7 28 8 40 5.6
Euphoria

Reduced 2 2 2 4 3 9 7 28 9 45 5.87
Stress Level

Calm 3 3 0 0 4 12 5 20 11 55 6
Feeling

Reduced 2 2 3 6 3 9 6 24 9 45 5.73
Anxiety
According to the results of the observation chart of respondents who uses both variables, the

positive impact that they perceived and observe is greatly high to occur compared to the negative impacts.

The results shows that the feeling of being calm when using vape, is very likely to occur if the

respondents uses both of the same variables. While with consistently, the users do not account the

blackening of their lips to their usage of vape.

33
Both (Cigarettes)

Effects 1 2 3 4 5 GWM

f wf f wf f wf f wf f wf

Blacken 4 4 3 6 5 15 5 20 6 30 5
Lips

Frequent 4 4 1 2 6 18 6 24 6 30 5.2
Coughing

Shortness 3 3 2 4 8 24 5 20 5 20 4.73
of Breath

Mild 0 0 3 6 5 15 7 28 8 40 5.93
Euphoria

Reduced 0 0 5 10 3 9 7 28 8 40 5.8
Stress
Level

Calm 1 1 3 6 3 9 7 28 9 45 5.6
Feeling

Reduced 4 4 0 0 4 12 6 24 9 45 5.67
Anxiety

The respondents who uses cigarette while also using vape has a very high chance in all of the

observable impacts to occur. The usage of the respondents when estimated is about above the likelihood

of them to perceived and observe these changes. The respondents all agreed that since using both

variables the changes was greatly affected by their usage of cigarette. Respondents are more likely to

experience euphoria and the least likely to occur is the suffering from shortness of breath.

34
 CHAPTER V

Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations

I. Summary

The study has focused on what are the different observable impact that had occur to its

users. Cigarette and Vape are two of the most popular items used of “liberated generation”. They

are used as a relaxation process and used for different forms of recreational activities along with

drinking and gambling. On the authority of Moreana in 2018 in her works in Addictive

Behaviors, smoking vape and cigarette has a definite and distinct impacts to the health of those

who uses it. Also, those who uses both of the variables has a different level of impact towards

their health. This study aims to compare the observable impact of vape and cigarette to its users.

The study had been assisted by the Health Belief Model which was also use as the base concept

for the conceptual application of the research study. The study is designed as a quantitative

approach were the researchers focused on attaining statistical data that is essential for the

conclusion important for the study. The research study has used a survey-questionnaire form and

a likert scale. The research study’s respondents consist of 150 STEM students as the sample size

of the population. A Survey Study was used as a tool for the technique to disseminate the

question easily. A Comparing study was also used since the main objective of the study is to have

a comparison of the variables which are important to the research study. After much validation

from three research advisers, the researchers collected and interpreted the data which was

provided by the respondents. The research study used a percentage and general weighted mean

method to attain the conclusion necessary for the study. The study was branded as a success by

the researchers. The interpretation of the data was consistent and provided vital information

important to the research study

35
II. Conclusion

The statistical data provided that out of the one hundred fifty respondents, sixty two were

using the given variables. Eighty eight of the remaining respondents do not use any of the

variables. This means that there is a positively large number of students in the STEM strand who

do not smoke either cigarette or vape. The following also gives the conclusive findings of the

study which the researchers worked with passion and effort.

The statistical data that matters with the demographic profile of the respondents are as

follows. The large proportion of the respondents are males, with 59% of the respondents are

under that group. The females occupied the remaining 41% percent of the total respondents who

uses vape. The age demographics consists mainly by 18 year olds which was predicted as the

school age estimation. The respondents was almost halved by the 17 and 19 year olds. The users

preference are divided into vape users, cigarette users, and both users, were the respondents of the

study are more likely to be in the division where they use both variables.

The observable impact on the two variables are as follows, using the general weighted

mean, the researchers used is to compare the observable impact which was provided in the survey

form. The correlation of the the two variables has more similarities than expected in terms of the

positive effects that it brought to its users. The results from the data collected from the

respondents shows little difference in the weighted mean for the positive observable impact. The

negative effects draws different, respondents who primarily uses cigarette has a higher score rate

in terms of their perception the effects of cigarette that was easily observed by themselves. Those

respondents who uses vape has a more lower score rate on the negative impact of vape to their

body system.

The researchers also accounted the respondents who uses both of the two variables which

was being observed in the study. The researchers has seen that both of the positive and negative

36
 observable impacts of the two variables in the study, are closely related to each other by

estimating the weighted mean of study the results are similar to each other. The study also

concluded that the scores are at a high rate side of the study. Meaning that the observable impact

of the vape and cigarette are greatly increased and precise when both of the same variables are

being used simultaneously.

III. Recommendations

The study had discovered more than what it aims to achieve. This section of the research

study aims to recommend further study on the specific parts of the study were the scope and

limitation of the study was limited. The study will provide vital reference that can be used by

future studies.

● Effects of Vape and Cigarette to the General Health of a user.

● An observational study on users who uses both vape and cigarette.

● Correlation of the environment and the user of vape and cigarette.

● An investigatory study were users of vape or cigarette does not smoke for a week and its

changes to the body.

● Behavioral factors of the users on why they use vape or cigarette

37
 CHAPTER VI

Appendices

Appendix A- Questionnaire form of the study.

Appendix B- Validation of Ms. Cano

Appendix C- Validation of Mr. Privado

Appendix D- Letter to the Respondents and Ms. Michael

38