Internship Report

As a requirement for the degree of B.Sc. in Civil Engineering, this internship report is
presented to Civil Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology
Peshawar, Campus-III Bannu

Submitted By:

Muhammad Imtiaz Khan (15BNCIV0746)

Hosting Organization: Peshawar development Authority (PDA)

Internship Duration: From 15th June- 15th September 2018.

Approved By:

Resident Engineer

Peshawar development authority

BRT reach III

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 Acknowledgement
All glory be to ALLAH, the most beneficent, the most merciful, who is the creator of all
the universe and guides us in oceans of darkness and difficulties.

And all respect, love and references for THE HOLY PROPHET HAZRAT
MUHAMMAD (SAW) for enlightening our conscience with the torch of ALLAH’s
message about this kindness and mercy upon us.

I would also thank my mentor Resident Engineer for his endless support at site and in his
office by consulting me how do things in the site and how to write this report in
outstanding manner, all teachers of civil and urban engineering who brought me to my
present performance and shape me like this during the last three successive years.

Before I finish, I would like to give my deepest thanks to all workers from the contractor
and the consultant side starting from engineers to daily laborers. Also, for those who do
not listed in the above but support me in different areas I would like thank all.

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 Abstract
The internship report is the summary of internship in PDA in which I try to explain my
four month experience in my hosting company. The content of all chapters is broadly
explained and it is constructed from the practical basis of the site work ended all months.

In the first chapter I give details to the company background including its mission,
vision, the project those runs through the company consultation. In this chapter I put all
record or history and futurity of my hosting company with its official address. So, it is
giving details of the company in terms of reader can easily know and access the
company.

The second chapter is the most hunted chapter which explains my overall internship
familiarity in the last successive months. This chapter is the main chapter and I record on
it the overall work I have been executing. It gives a high light what I have been doing and
main works of the construction industry.

After all those chapters explained above, I go to the third chapter and explains the main
benefits of the internship class in terms of different aspects and areas. It is obvious that
the internship has a plus in terms of improving skills and different abilities as a whole. In
this chapter I try to explain the advantages and benefits that I gain from this internship.

The final and fourth chapter explains about the winding up and suggestion on the project
that our company runs. Inside the site we get many things which are appropriate and
inappropriate for work in building construction, thus I comment and give my
recommendation in some conditions and workings.

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 Table of Contents

Chapter 1 .................................................................................. 1
1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Company address ........................................................................................... 1

1.3 Field of specialization .................................................................................... 1

1.4 Services: ......................................................................................................... 1

1.5 Introduction of project……………………………………………………………..2

Chapter 2 .................................................................................. 5
2.1 Joining the company ...................................................................................... 5

2.2 Section of the Company I have been work ...................................................... 5

2.3 Design and supervision team .......................................................................... 6

2.4 Resident engineer ........................................................................................... 6

2.5 Project manager ............................................................................................. 6

2.6 Site engineer................................................................................................... 7

2.7 Forman ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

2.8 Surveyor ........................................................................................................ 9

2.9 Skilled and non-skilled persons ....................................................................... 9

2.10 Work piece or task I have been executing ................................................... 10

2.10.1 Office work ........................................................................................ 10

2.10.2 Taking off ........................................................................................... 11

2.10.3 Bill of quantity ................................................................................... 11

2.10.4 Report writing .................................................................................... 12

2.10.5 Report types ....................................................................................... 12

2.10.6 Reading and interpreting drawings ...................................................... 12

2.10.7 Site work ............................................................................................ 13

2.11 Procedure I have been used when I perform work tasks .............................. 13

2.12 Rigid Pavement construction……………………………………………………13

IV
 2.12.1 Reinforcement bar .............................................................................. 16

2.12.2 Concrete ............................................................................................ 16

2.12.3 Cement……………………………………………………………….....…16

2.12.4 Aggregate…………………………………………………………………..16

2.12.5 Water……………………………………………………………………….18

2.13 Curing of concrete………………………………………………………….….17

2.14 My performance during accomplishing work

tasks……………………….….219

2.15 Challenges I have faced ............................................................................. 21

2.16 Measures I take for challenges ................................................................... 20

Chapter 3 ............................................................................... 231

3.1 Improving practical skill .............................................................................. 231

3.2 Upgrading the theoretical knowledge ........................................................... 232

3.3 Upgrading interpersonal communication skill .............................................. 242

3.4 Improving team playing skill ...................................................................... VII2

3.5 Work ethics and related issues .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.3

Chapter 4 ............................................................................... 264

4.1 Recommendation ........................................................................................ 264

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 List of Tables
Table 2-1 tests perform on concrete ingredients and samples ............................................ 18

Table 2-2 properties of concrete ...................................................................................... 19

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 List of figure

Fig1.1 Construction of bridge in phase1……………………………………..4

VII
 Chapter 1

Background of hosting company

1.1 Introduction

Peshawar development Authority (PDA) has following features related to introduction of

organization:

I. Established in 1975 as Peshawar Metropolitan Authority which is created

under the act of 1975.
II. Bifurcated as Building & Roads (B&R) Department and Public Health
Engineering in 1985.
III. Public Health Engineering (PHE) established in 1985.
IV. Renamed as Peshawar development Authority (PDA) in 1989.
V. Peshawar development Authority (PDA) merged with Public Health
Engineer Department to for “Works & Services (W&S) Department on
July 01, 2001.

1.2 Company address

PDA Plaza, Phase#5, Hayatabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Phone: (091) 9217028

1.3 Field of specialization

"Peshawar development Authority (PDA) is committed to provide economical,

sustainable and durable physical infrastructure for building, compatible with economic
constraints to improve the quality level of life of the citizens of the Peshawar city."

1.4 Services:

The services of Peshawar development Authority (PDA) are as follow:

I. Construction, equipment, maintenance and repairing of internal

electrification and fixation of rent of Government buildings, residential
and non-residential.
II. Accommodation for Federal and Provincial Government servants within

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 the Peshawar city except that entrusted to Establishment &
Administration Department.
III. Construction, maintenance and repairs of roads, bridges in the Peshawar
city.
IV. Roads Funds.
V. Tolls (excluding those levies by Local Governments).
VI. Engineering training other than Engineering University, Engineering
Collages, and Engineering Schools.
VII. Evaluation/Fixation of Rent/Control/Management, leases and disposal
sales of Government buildings in the Peshawar city.
VIII. Water supply of sanitary works pertaining to Government buildings and
Government estates.
IX. Laying standards and specifications for various types of roads and bridges
for the Peshawar city.
X. Planning and designing roads and connected a works for the department
financed from Provincial and /or Federal Funds.
XI. Road research and material testing.
XII. Execution of works on behalf of other agencies/department as deposit
Works.
XIII. Preparation of architectural plans/drawing of buildings of Government
building in the Peshawar City.

1.5 Introduction of Project:

Transportation is the foundation of economy of a nation. A decent transportation
framework gives a superior chance to speculation and redesign the standard existence of
individuals. Transportation framework comprise of Roads, Railways track, Air ports and
so on. In KPK, there are local department in every district to construction, operation and
maintenance of communication infrastructure like Roads etc. In the same way, Peshawar
city has PDA which is the main department for these services. In the ongoing year the
number of inhabitants in Peshawar city becomes quickly because of certain reasons and
the enormous reason is the development of individuals from country regions to
Peshawar city for offices. Be that as it may, this make a tremendous issue with regards to
move of individuals and vehicles. In order to encounter the effect of highly growing

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population of Peshawar city KPK government start a project know as Bus rapid transit
(BRT). As a matter of fact BRT is a busway or transitway which is intended to build the
limit and unwavering quality in respect to the ordinary transport framework. Fast travel,
which depicts a high-limit urban open travel framework with its very own option to
proceed .Typically, BRT framework incorporates roadways that are devoted to
transports, and offers need to transports at crossing points where transports may
associate with other traffic; close by configuration highlights to decrease postponements
brought about by travelers loading up or leaving transports, or buying passages. BRT
means to join the limit and speed of a metro with the adaptability, lower cost and
effortlessness of a transport framework. BRT is mind boggling framework which has its
option to proceed and all the essential component that a street has like voyage way,
middle, shoulder kerb, bike and passerby way, Drainage and side slant and so forth.
Adjacent to these BRT have some extra component which make it more agreeable than
the common street like devoted paths, Off-board admission accumulation, Platform-level
boarding, uncommon Intersection treatment and so on.

The first BRT system was in Brazil, which entered service in 1974. TransJakarta is
considered as the largest BRT network in the world with approximately 251.2 kilometers
of corridors connecting the Indonesian capital city.

BRT have some special features which make it different from other traffic routes like

I. Bus-just paths make for quicker travel and guarantee that transports are not
deferred by blended traffic clog.
II. Fare prepayment at the station, rather than on board the transport, dispenses with
the postponement brought about by travelers paying ready.
III. A popular compromise is low-floor buses with a low step at the door, which can
allow easy boarding at low-platform stops compatible with other buses.
IV. This system has the additional benefit of diminishing queues on main line
stations.
V. High-capacity vehicles such as articulated or even bi-articulated buses is used in
BRT.
VI. The capital costs of implementing BRT are lower than for light rail but greater
than conventional bus system.
VII. Peshawar Bus Rapid Transit (Peshawar BRT) is a transport fast travel framework
as of now under development by the Peshawar Development Authority (PDA) in

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 Peshawar, capital of Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) area. Peshawar BRT is
partitioned into two separate stages, the primary period of the Trans-Peshawar
BRT framework will incorporate an east-west hall to be served by 30 stations.
88% of subsidizing is being given by the Asian Development Bank. Peshawar
BRT begins from Chamkano and its end is Karkhano. As indicated by Peshawar
Development Authority (PDA) expected rider is 500,000. The framework will
have 30 stations and will be for the most part raised (around 49 %) while 38 %
will be at evaluation and just 17 % through underpass. The line will likewise
contain 3.4 kilometers of underpasses, 10.5 kilometers of at evaluation and 13.7
kilometers of raised part. The whole busway will be fenced to counteract
unapproved passerby intersections, and to keep vehicular traffic from entering,
however bystanders can utilize stairs, lifts or scaffolds to cross the BRT passage
and reach on the opposite side. Construction of the east-west corridor will be
completed in three phases:

I. Phase 1: Chamkano to Balahisar Fort.

II. Phase 2: Balahisar Fort to Aman Chowk.
III. Phase 3: Aman Chowk to Karkhano Market.

BRT Bridge construction in phase 1.(Asian development bank official website)

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 Chapter 2

OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERINCE

2.1 Joining the company

Since we complete third year and last year class I got the application letter for temporary
job from the Career Development Center of UET Bannu Campus. In this way, I have
been looking through a facilitating organization in the late spring. Finally I chose to join
the rumored and surely understood. I present the letter to the Assistant Director of BRT
arrive at 3 official Peshawar improvement Authority (PDA) whereupon he consented to
offer entry level position for summer excursions. All things considered, BRT is huge
undertaking which is isolate into three scopes/stages for example arrive at 1, arrive at 2,
arrive at 3. I displayed my acknowledgment letter to the occupant Engineer of Reach 3.
Arrive at 3 beginning from Aman Chowk to the end Karkhano. Our camp is close to the
Hayatabad stage 3 Chowk, I went to the camp and meet to Resident Engineer Manzoor
Hussain. He meet to me in a decent way and urge me to take the entry level position. He
acknowledged my letter and I join the site from the following day.

2.2 Section of the Company I have been work

The office takes a shot at the accompanying premise:

First the customer register offer for their drawing(architectural drawing) after they chosen
by the customer they supply a working drawing like auxiliary drawing, electrical
attracting one duplicate dependent on the understanding and the absolute venture
cost(bill of amount) for the temporary worker after the contractual worker
authoritatively reported by the customer. At that point development starts beginning
from preparation and execution of lanes.

The counseling work incorporates such huge numbers of assignments, for example,

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assessing of the site, quality control and wellbeing of laborers. In the site works executed
dependent on the understanding between the customer and the temporary worker. This
archive is called contract record so the expert checks each exchange of work is executed
dependent on the agreement report and the working approach. Drawings and structure
likewise from the expert side.

2.3 Design and supervision team

The group incorporates auxiliary designer, structural specialists, electrical architects and
other experienced architects in different callings as indicated by the task. The structure
and supervision group is a group from the specialist side which guide each work
executed in that site and gives supervision for the temporary worker dependent on the
drawing and the determination (bill of amount). This group for the most part goes to the
site when there is a misjudging in drawings, working strategies, drawing enumerating
blunder, and for gathering between the three gatherings. The group gives consistent
support of the task all the way, setting up and keeping up the quality and respectability
of each plan.

2.4 Resident engineer

Occupant Engineer is a significant situation in the venture since He/She control pretty
much every work however much as could be expected. Position is in charge of various
development ventures or a solitary task of an enormous scale requiring numerous orders.
This incorporates surveying configuration; directing development progress and booking;
firing up procedure frameworks/hardware or offices for going over to the proprietor's
faculty. Oversee field staff and contractual workers on the site with obligation regarding
quality development as per plans and particulars. He/she additionally in charge of
endorsement of progress requests, solicitations, and installment applications which may
incorporate last installment. Thus, the inhabitant engineer generally control each work
however much as could reasonably be expected as far as their quality, cost and time.
Testing of materials conveyed at site and security of laborers beginning from
administrators to day by day works additionally the obligation of the inhabitant engineer.

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2.5 Project manager

The task supervisor has such huge numbers of duties at the site and in our site these
positions is responsible for the contractual worker or the proprietor and are named by the
proprietor of the development organization. The fundamental obligation of the chief is
to Manages the entire site work execution, Makes installment to sub provisional laborers,
Approves material solicitation, Analyses the work forms, Executes sub-contracting
understandings, Reviews and checks the reports made by the workplace engineer.

2.6 Site engineer

Site engineer shall be accountable for the following tasks and responsibilities:

I. Studying the work plan submitted by the contactor and suggests any
modifications.
II. To watch and inspect the construction work and assure that it is done in full
accordance with the drawings, technical specifications and bills of quantities.
III. Supervising the works on site in accordance with the contract documents and
using the template and procedure established by the consultant.
IV. Inspecting and testing materials prior to their use at site as per sample approved
by the consultant and ensuring removal of rejected material out from site.
V. Ensuring the correct implementation of the works according to technical
specifications, to designs and quality of materials
VI. Checking of layout and setting out of buildings with respect to existing
structures and site levels.
VII. Checking and testing of completed works before they are covered by the
contractor, taking photos on a regular basis and also on account of defective
work.
VIII. Ensuring that health and safety measures are adopted and followed to the full
extent.
IX. prepare weekly report and suggest and instruct additional safety measures if
needed
X. Maintain a filing system for all site memos and instructions, measured
quantities of work and materials on site, reports and other documents and
correspondence pertaining to the construction activities and
XI. Maintain a site order book to be made available for the consultants and senior

7
officers to write comments or defects in construction noticed during site visits
and carrying out compliance at site.

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2.7 Forman

A foreman is the specialist or tradesman who is accountable for a development group

and is a gifted director who is mindful to work one next to the other with the
undertaking administrator, property proprietor, and other development configuration
builds so as to finish a task in a given time limit. His responsibility is to utilize the
appropriate specialists on the different errands to finish the activity, and administer all
periods of the development venture from begin to end or direct just a segment of the
structure procedure Normally the foreman is a development laborer with numerous long
stretches of involvement in a specific exchange who is accused of sorting out the general
development of a specific undertaking. Normally the foreman is an individual with pro
information of a given exchange who has moved into the position and is currently
centered around a general administration of all exchanges as opposed to a specific
particular gathering. A decent foreman is the cornerstone of their undertakings since
they control each work more intently than the others like task supervisor, site engineer
and so on the Forman likewise have an obligation of inspiring specialists and picking
great laborers for each part of work.

2.8 Surveyor

In any development a surveyor is obligatory along these lines, in our site the surveyor
works beginning from embarking to purpose of focal line, arrangement of street and set
up the proposed street for our work. A decent surveyor make crafted by designer
exceptionally simple.

2.9 Skilled and non-skilled persons

This gathering incorporates bricklayers, woodworker, bar drinking sprees, steel fixer and
the every day workers. In our nation laborers of such gathering are named distinctly by
experience these have its very own bit of leeway on the development. They work
everything as they requested by the Forman or the site engineer. Work on the site are
extraordinarily executed by this gathering since this is the most dynamic on the site. This
gathering doesn't manage the workplace documentation.

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2.10 Work piece or task I have been executing

As a matter of fact I alloted from the college to work with advisors however meeting isn't
simple undertaking to perform particularly for understudies since it needs experienced
and further specific individual in the field and the vast majority of the work isn't parallel
with structural designing it encapsulates distinctive field. In this way, to know each work
what structural specialists do I attempt to work and impart understanding to contractual
worker notwithstanding advisor. And furthermore the expert primary work at the site is
controlling time, cost, quality and security of laborers so those work needs examination,
test directing and taking various estimates when the temporary worker don't execute it
appropriately. Their primary work is to guidance and gives a bettor thought how the task
will complete with a base cost, time and quality.

By and large, I have been working in the two segments as referenced previously. I order
the work in to office work and site works, generally the work I have been executing on
the site is overseeing, functioning as a site architect, surveyor and Forman.

2.10.1 Office work

In my four month internship period I experience Office works that are worked mostly at
the site this includes some tasks performed by office engineer and quantity surveyor.
Such as;

I. Taking off
II. Bill of quantity
III. Report writing
IV. Reading and interpreting drawings

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2.10.2 Taking off

This is the way toward getting ready/characterizing a point by point rundown of all
work and materials vital for the work and entering the things on appropriately
dimensioned paper. The standard structure utilized for entering the measurements taken
or scaled from drawings to decide the exact amount in each exchange of work, aside
from support steel, is canceled take sheet or measurement paper. The primary point of
this sheet is for installment and cost estimation for buying and getting ready bill of
amount. The measurement paper utilized for taking off is twofold – ruledA4 size paper
as demonstrated as follows.

2.10.3 Bill of quantity

The conventional motivation behind bills of amounts is to go about as a uniform reason

for welcoming focused tenders, and to help with esteeming finished work. Bills of
amount are first intended to address the issues of estimators, albeit a few estimators state
the bill organization has changed to help the specialists, in cost arranging practices
through the boundless utilization of basic bills. A contractual worker can likewise utilize
the bill of amounts from numerous points of view, for instance:

I. To plan material purchasing (note the danger in ordering from a bill: the
contractor should always order materials from drawn information and the
specification, making the contract administrator aware of any differences)
II. Preparing resourced programs.
III. Cost control during the contract to ensure work is within budget.
IV. Data accumulation during development for extra frameworks and input data for
estimators. It is the configuration which is utilized in a bill of amount to list
(incorporate) a short depiction of the particular alongside its estimating unit,
amount and unit costs to decide the all out Cost for each exchange of thing. In
the site the bill of amount is finished by advisor with the agreement archive yet at
site we work it again for installment.

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2.10.4 Report writing

Detailing is a controlling/useful system which will help in assessing the status of an

undertaking. It involves us how we are achieving our set focuses at the beginning of an
undertaking. It will likewise help leaders to pursue the status of the venture without
being available physically on the site. The reports ought to clarify the historical backdrop
of the venture .It ought to be sensible and obvious. Numbers in a report are far
significant than calculating. Putting numbers for a report essayist like 10 % might be
straightforward yet the significance for the chiefs is imperative. Putting incorrectly figures
purposely or accidentally are wrecking.

2.10.5 Report types

The types of reports to be submitted in a project depends on project type; complexity;

working habit etc. In our project we work the following reports

 Weekly report and monthly report

Week after week Progress Report is the most reduced report structure. ( most minimal
methods the degree of perspective on the task is high).In short - it assesses the
achievement of the week by week plan and puts the following week plan .This report will
demonstrate the accomplishment/disadvantages of the undertaking at the broadest level
and help the venture supervisor ( PM) or Resident Engineer (RE) to tackle the
deficiencies at the grass root level.

Month to month Progress Report: This is a report with a perspective on numerous eyes.
This will be altogether observed by second level eyewitnesses. The temporary worker, the
customer and the Consultant's agent will make a top to bottom perspective on the report
to have full data about the venture status. This is where real jug necks of the venture will
be described and the exhibition of the gatherings will be strikingly observed.

2.10.6 Reading and interpreting drawings

Drawings are the methods by which the originator passes on the physical, quantitative,
and visual depiction of the venture to the temporary worker. The drawings are a two-
dimensional portrayal of the physical structure that meets the goals of the proprietor.
They are otherwise called plans or outlines.

In our site there were 4 types of drawing;

I. Architectural drawing
II. Structural drawing
III. Sanitary drawing

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 IV. Electrical installation drawing

This drawing is the principle language between the draftsman, creator and any specialist
at the site or office to assemble the model in situation as determined by the planner and
the customer, in light of the understanding. Consequently to function as a designer in the
building site it is compulsory knowing drawings and some other detail. Drawings are the
most well-known methods for correspondence for different types and sizes of venture.
Hence I see each drawing and knew each image truncation for each segment and I ready
to speak with various laborers utilizing it.

2.10.7 Site work

The site work was the significant assignment for me in light of the fact that the
temporary position primary target lies over her and I have increase numerous learning
from the site like correspondence expertise, taking care of laborers, the board ability and
so forth inside multi month I can see numerous works from the undertaking.

The work task I have been executing at site is:

I. Supervising of works
II. Inspecting the worked element and how they work
III. Checking the work based on the given check list
IV. Testing materials

The site work when all is said in done overlay over the supervision part so I have been
functioning as chief dependent on the given check list that our organization provide for
us. Each work must be checked shrink it is executed dependent on the technique that the
contractual worker gives to the specialist or not. If not the contractual worker must
report the case why they didn't execute upon it.

2.11 Procedure I have been used when I perform work tasks

The site work I have been perform was controlling how the work is going on and
overseeing the work subject to the given check list which was given to us from the
working environment. The plan for site executives is issued in order to ensure a uniform
course of action of supervision of structure advancement adventures and in this way
ensure the idea of improvement. In the motivation the obligations, liabilities and
hindrances of the chief are immediately referenced in the way to the general terms.

Nuances of advancement are resolved in the drawings, particular conclusions and in the
general and phenomenal conditions of the understanding. The commitment of mine was

13
to ensure that the improvement works are executed according to the understanding need.
In the utilization of the motivation the nuances decided in the understanding record
reliably go before the application and usage of it. There are also tables and structures in
the plan that help as records of the rates impacting the work and as references. Besides
the standard particular assurance was used as reference on the status of the motivation
and will reliably have need over the plan. In this manner, I have been work most of my
time at site to end up being progressively familiar with site works and to get continuously
practical data. Site work all things considered consolidates each kind of work executed at
the site starting from setting out till finishing works reliant on the given detail and
approach. The site work that I have been trough in the fore month impermanent
employment period was in the sub structure work and super structure work as it were. As
we understand that BRT is a noteworthy endeavor and it join both the advancement of
versatile and unyielding black-top, But most part contain unbendable black-top which
fuse platforms, underground passway.

2.11.1 Flexible Pavement Construction:

The flexible pavement consist of side road for pedestrian and bicycle and renewal of old
road in some places.

A normal flexible road construction consist of following steps.

I. First of all Preparation of the existing base course layer. The existing surface is
prepared by removing the pot holes or rust.
II. The compaction of surface through roller, the roller used in our site is compactor
roller. This is the most important part of pavement construction and much welled
supervised B/C any deficiency will led to serious damage later.
III. III. Then the premix is solid and steady under the supervision of site manager.
The premix is set up by blending bituminous materiel and total in the blender.
First the bitumen is warmed up to softening at that point blend with total.
Bitumen utilized is as indicated by the standard of 50/70.the blend is set through
the machines.
IV. Then rolling of this mix is done through Roller. Rolling is inspected specially,
B/C improper compaction can create problem later. Sometime, our supervisor
inspect the rolling and compaction by a conventional method by a stone in front
of Roller wheel and predicate the compaction quality. This method is not a

14
 technical one but adopted due to the shortage of time.
V. In the last finishing of pavement comes to prevent the road from water etc.

2.11.2 Rigid Pavement construction:

The construction of rigid portion of BRT includes the following steps:

I. First of all Sub grade and Sub base are prepared for the construction and the all
the herbs etc. are removed.
II. Then the forms are placed properly. This work is well inspected b/c placing of
form is very important in almost all project of civil engineering construction.
III. Then the steel fixer fix the whole arrangement of Reinforcement of steel
according to the design. The site Engineer direct the drawing to the fixer. The
whole RC design is already drawn on a paper and site engineer execute the work
according to the drawing. The complete detail of RC design will be in the next
topic.
IV. Then concrete mix is prepared in the concrete plant, our concrete plant is near to
our camp. According to my opinion, placing of concrete is the most difficult part
of road for a site engineer, detail of concrete, and its constituents etc is in the next
topic. The fresh concrete is compacted and sometime we use concrete vibrator
when needed. Concrete vibrator is need in special cases.
V. Curing of concert is carried out for many days. As we know that the weather of
Peshawar is extreme and the concrete need proper curing, therefore labors are
special instructed for curing.

2.12 Detail of Construction materiel:

In each affable building, the best getting, testing and investigation of development
materiel is criticalness. Without knowing the information of development materiel, we
can't utilize these materiel. These materiel are settled on the premise nearby accessibility,
climate condition and development type.

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2.12.1 Reinforcement Bar:

Cement is a lot flimsier in pressure than in pressure. Its elasticity is around 10% of its
compressive quality. In this way, concrete is commonly utilized related to steel
fortification, which gives the rigidity in a solid part. The utilization of plain concrete
without steel fortification is restricted to asphalts and a few pieces on-ground. Steel is the
perfect material to supplement concrete in light of the fact that the warm extension of
the two materials is the equivalent. At the end of the day, when warmed or cooled, both
steel and cement grow or contract similarly. Therefore, no pressure is brought about by
differential development or compression. Composite materials that grow differentially
are exposed to such anxieties. Steel likewise bonds well with cement. In a composite
material, the bond between two materials is important for it to work as a solitary
material. The bond among steel and cement is because of the science of the two
materials, which creates a concoction bond between them. Furthermore, as water from
cement vanishes, it psychologists and holds the steel bars, making a mechanical bond.
The mechanical bond is improved by utilizing strengthening bars, or rebar, that have
surface distortions. Since a mechanical bond is a component of the zone of contact
between the two materials, surface misshapenness increment that region, in this manner
expanding the bond. For a similar reason, rebar that have a light, firm layer of rust bonds
better with cement. Rust that is delivered by leaving rebar outside on a building site for a
couple of days or weeks isn't offensive as long as the rust isn't free or flaky. Free and
flaky rust ought to be scratched utilizing burlap or a bit of fabric. Exorbitantly rusted
rebar ought not be utilized.

2.12.2 Concrete:

Cement is a composite comprising of the scattered period of totals (going from its most
extreme size coarse totals down to the fine sand particles) installed in the network of
bond glue. This is a Portland bond concrete with the four constituents of Portland bond,
water, stone and sand. These essential parts stay in current cement yet different
constituents are presently regularly added to adjust its crisp and solidified properties.
This has widened the degree in the plan and development of solid structures. It has
additionally presented elements that fashioners ought to perceive so as to understand the
ideal execution regarding auxiliary sufficiency, constructability, and required
administration life. These are converted into quality, functionality and strength in
connection to properties of cement. Also, there is the need to fulfill these arrangements
at the most savvy cost practically speaking. Since our structure is a strengthened solid
structure the solid work was initiated each day for building/advancement of all aspects
of the structure.

The constituents of current cement have expanded from the essential four (bond, water,
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stone, and sand) to incorporate both compound and mineral admixtures. These
admixtures have been being used for a considerable length of time, first in quite a while,
however have now been fused in an ever increasing number of general applications for
their specialized and now and again monetary advantages in either or both new and
solidified properties of cement.

2.12.3 Cement

Cement may be described as a material with adhesive and cohesive properties that make
it capable of bonding mineral fragments (‗ aggregates‘) into a compact whole.

2.12.4 Aggregate

Since total possesses around seventy five percent of the volume of solid, it contributes
essentially to the auxiliary execution of cement, particularly quality, strength and volume
solidness. When all is said in done, totals in cement have been gathered by their sizes
into fine and coarse totals. The partition depends on materials passing or held on the
ostensibly 5 mm (ASTM No. 4) sifter. It is entirely expected to allude to fine total as sand
and coarse total as stone. Generally, totals are gotten from characteristic sources as
stream rock or squashed rocks and waterway sand. Fine total created by pounding rocks
to sand sizes is alluded as produced sand.

The outcomes and particular of the test performed on constituent of the solid are given
beneath:

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 Table 2-1 tests perform on concrete ingredients and samples

Name Test Performed Specification

Finess ASTM C125

Cement
Specific gravity ASTM C70-40

Specific gravity ASTM C128

Water absorption ASTM C128

Fine aggregate
Finess modulus ASTOM C136

Moisture content ASTM C70-13

Impact value ASTM C469

Moisture content ASTM C565

Coarse aggregate
Specific gravity ASTM C127-88

Water absorption ASTM C127-89

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The results of the properties of concrete are given below

Table 2-2 properties of concrete

Test Results of Coarse Aggregates

Name Specification Values Limit

Impact value ASTM C469 6.25% < 10% Exceptionally strong

Moisture content ASTM C565 0.22% < 3%

Specific gravity ASTM C127-88 2.6 Range 2.5-2.9

Water absorption ASTM C127-89 1.24% Range 0.3 - 2.5%

Test Results of Fine Aggregates

Specific gravity ASTM C128 2.76 Range 2.5-2.9

Water absorption ASTM C128 3.14% <3.5%

Finess modulus ASTOM C125 2.90 Range 2.6-2.9

Moisture content ASTM C70-13 2.45% < 3%

Test Performed on Cement

Finess modulus ASTM C125 97% > 90%

Specific gravity ASTM C70-40 3.12 Range 2.9-3.2

2.12.5 Water

Water has a noteworthy task to carry out really taking shape of cement — in blending of
crisp cement and in restoring of solidified cement. So as to guarantee appropriate quality
advancement and sturdiness of solid, it is essential that the water utilized for blending
and relieving is free from contaminations, for example, oils, acids, antacids, salts, sugar
and natural materials. Water that is fit for human utilization (i.e., consumable water) is
commonly viewed as reasonable for cementing. Be that as it may, when the versatility of
the water is suspect, it is prudent to play out a substance examination of the water.

2.13 Curing

The hydration response starts when water and bond come into contact, yet the rate at
which this response continues is amazingly moderate. It takes as long as a half year or
longer for cement to pick up its full quality. In any case, roughly 80% of solid quality

19
creates in 28 days. Roughly 66% of the 28-day quality is gotten in the initial 7 days and
around half in the initial 3 days. This is genuine just if adequate water and ideal
temperature are accessible for the hydration response to proceed. That is the reason solid
test chambers are kept in a wet chamber until tried. Giving dampness to concrete
consistently to hydration is called relieving of cement. A well-relieved cement is denser
and, subsequently, more grounded and increasingly sturdy. On building locales, restoring
is started when the solid has completely set (hardened), which is commonly 12 to 24 h
subsequent to putting the solid. Restoring in the underlying phases of solidifying is
critical and should proceed as far as might be feasible, at the very least 7 days. It is the
way toward keeping the loss of dampness from the solid while keeping up a palatable
temperature system. Restoring is fundamental for delivering great solid that has the ideal
quality, impermeability and toughness, and is of specific significance in circumstances
where the water-concrete proportion is low, or the bond has a high pace of solidarity
advancement. Along these lines, relieving must be led utilizing consumable water and
covering of the auxiliary component utilizing covering material for at any rate 7
progressive days to hold the dampness lost.

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2.14 My performance during accomplishing work tasks

My exhibition during the undertaking was great, as I arrange with all the specialist and
proceed with gathering work and engage in various site attempts to acquire information
about the workplace in the site and improve myself with more site works and office
work. Since the site work is dull I have been working in various area to get included and
go through various tranquility of works. Particularly the work assignments I have been
performing in the workplace work were noteworthy on the grounds that I didn't have any
information about the amount works, cost and report composing and so forth. All in all
over the most recent multi month I play out the entirety of my obligations pleasantly and
get information of the viable world and relate it with the hypothesis I have learnt in the
class over the most recent three years. Likewise I change myself to another degree of
ability, morals, information and authority utilizing this temporary job class and I perform
it well.

2.15 Challenges I have faced

Development tasks are unpredictable and tedious endeavors that require the connection
and participation of a wide range of people to achieve. The development business is
commonly isolated into strength regions, with every territory requiring various aptitudes,
assets, and learning to partake viably in it. So as to coordinate and work intently in each
segment it is a provoking assignment to one individual particularly when he/she is new
or apprentice. Actually a few difficulties might be illuminated by me yet some are over
my farthest point and even the laborers at the site too. When all is said in done I have
confronted the accompanying difficulties in the temporary job time frame.

I. Communication problem with workers in the office and at the site.

II. Shortage of working drawings like structural, architectural, sanitary, electrical
and some other details.
III. Weather condition of the site.
IV. Shortage of knowledge in some portion of the work at the site.
V. Underestimation by workers such as engineers, Forman.
VI. Unsatisfactory answers for questions from engineers.
VII. Safety facility.

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2.16 Measures I take for challenges

Correspondence challenge was the most hazardous test from all difficulties in light of
that it squares me from discovering more information from gifted laborers and different
people those are shut to the site work. Their language at the site was for the most part a
nearby words that makes me progressively befuddled and it was uneasy to know those
words inside a couple of days. Finally I had the option to comprehend those words
through involvement and by working with the representatives.

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 Chapter 3
OVERALL INTERNSHIP BENEFITS
My multi month entry level position acquaints me with viable nature of structural
designing. I figure out how to apply the hypothetical information that I have gotten the
hang of during the multi year course work. . Understudy like common and urban
designing and different fields additionally take this training. The fundamental point of
this training (entry level position) is that to show understudies correspondence with
various labourers or representatives, to improve common sense aptitude what they
realized at class, up reviewing the hypothetical information notwithstanding the class,
improve their initiative ability, group playing expertise and so on.

3.1 Improving practical skill

The point of the temporary job is to address progressively down to earth information for
understudy. Along these lines, I found a down to earth learning at the site as much
conceivable inside the multi month. The information we have learn in the class is useful
to get those handy or genuine work in the site and entirely unexpected from the real
learning picked up from the class. Along these lines I discovered some information in the
site which encourages me to work with the site condition or site people groups.
Development of formwork and false work for some fortified solid structure. In any
development work the main stage before throwing of cement is planning and building of
structure work. As I clarified in the work system the formwork and false work must be
hardened and should oppose the new concrete till the solid addition its quality. In this
manner the development phase of structure work was unfamiliar to me since I'm new for
the reasonable world now I increase useful information about how it is functioned and
raised. Bar twisting, situating, joining and tying, agreeing the predefined drawing. After
the formwork and false work is prepared the bar bowing, situating and tying work goes
straightaway. This work is done dependent on the working attracting gave the working
drawings (basic drawing) by the plan group of that predetermined structure. In most case
it was new for me to see such work since it is a reasonable work just performed at the
site. Throwing and pouring of fortified solid structure and gear utilized for
throwing.Cement is a fundamental material in any development of strengthened cement

23
and is the principle constituent or element of any fortified solid structure. Subsequently it
is required to realize this material practically speaking including how it is dealt with, put
(poured), blended and the hardware utilized for those work. I got the viable information
regarding those recorded parts of cement

3.2 Upgrading the theoretical knowledge

The temporary job class isn't just contingent upon the pragmatic viewpoint yet it likewise
help understudies to update or expand information on as of now that they have. I
attempt to incorporate the down to earth information with that of the hypothesis learned
in the class in better place so as to get more information than the hypothesis we learned
on the class. I got the entry level position class exceptionally intriguing as far as updating
a hypothetical information and I gained from the site a few speculations that we haven't
learn in the study hall via looking through changed related writing.

3.3 Upgrading interpersonal communication skill

Correspondence is sharing or trading data or thoughts with others so as to get a few

messages and information. The correspondences frameworks inside the structure plan
and development endeavor has taken on a huge job in the accomplishment of
productivity and proficiency. An essential comprehension of correspondence frameworks
is valuable to all structure experts and exchanges, as they all have an impact in the
achievement of the development.

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3.4 Improving team playing skill

Group playing aptitude for development work Team works, particularly for designers,
include in each bit of undertaking and accomplishing great group playing expertise is
basic for Effective culmination of assignments and Increasing profitability. This ability as
of now exists as a part of my character in the grounds because of various task and
undertaking works that I cooperate with understudy. In any case, this expertise is more
than this in the building site. In the building site the work is as of now a collaboration
and it needs more closeness of laborers to take care of issues emerge in various
viewpoints, misconstruing in the drawing or working philosophy and counsel each work.
We the understudy at the site likewise cooperates as a group to get additionally
understanding and offer thoughts. Pretty much I improve my cooperation status by
cooperating with various experts, understudy and laborers in general in the structural
designing works and counseling.

3.5 Work ethics and related issues

The idea of hard working attitudes might be outlined as the general quality in one's
conduct towards valuing the procedure of work process and performing fairly well at
work with the goal that this work process won't be imperiled over the long haul. During
my entry level position program, I could state that I have figured out how to do my side
of the expected set of responsibilities with an uplifted soul and energy so that there was a
smooth progression of exercises both in the workplace and on building site. Hard
working attitudes include such qualities as genuineness, duty, dependability,
responsibility and so on.

Dependability is one of the serious issues that could be raised when discussing hard
working attitudes and on my side I attempted meet this criteria by taking care of my
working station in time so that there won't be any postponement on the exercises made
arrangements for that day. The conduct that one shows towards his companions and
associates is additionally one sign of the idea of hard working attitudes. By and by, I
constantly regarded and gave need the businesses of the organization. Components of
hard working attitudes that value referencing are:- promptness, genuineness,
dependability, office order, partnership and duty.

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 Chapter 4
Conclusion and recommendation
Temporary position assumes an extension like job between the hypothetical and useful
information. The entry level position is an extension between the hypothetical learning
and the pragmatic or the truth work at the field of development or structural building
work. We as a whole who take the entry level position class go to organizations that
effectively working either as an expert or a temporary worker. The duties of the
facilitating organization are to show understudy and shape them in the multi month as a
genuine site labourers. My facilitating organization is an advisor group and they help me
and my companions who took the temporary position session in this organization in
obtaining distinctive information in various positions. They team up with the contractual
workers to instruct us in that segment and they accept that the structural building work is
more significant for us than the counselling office. This program assumed a significant
job to break the customary idea that field works can be just actualized by understudies
who hold a degree or individuals who have an involvement in structure development. We
had the option to procure an abnormal state of certainty to manage issues that emerge in
a structure development.

By and large the temporary job program established sound framework for us to begin our
vocation. We are pleased to have the option to contribute towards country working
during the nation's incredibly basic time of the history. It will be certainly reasonable to
scale this training up and to reproduce in different teaches also.

4.1 Recommendation

Most works in the site needs cautious consideration and progressive supervision of
works yet for some situation the site works goes inappropriately because of various
causes. This sort of recklessness isn't useful for either the advisor or the contractual
worker. In this manner I propose chiefs and site specialists to investigate the work
executed on the site and the work that will be executed.

The understudy goes to the temporary position class are possessed by the college are
given to the organizations that utilization or show us all through the multi month. Thus,
when we go to the organizations the school must satisfy the accompanying:

26
 I. Evaluating and supervising student as they are in the site by sending mentors on
time.
II. Giving courses that are appropriate for the site work before the internship class is
commenced like report writing, quantity survey etc.
III. Working with the companies closely to address more knowledge to the student.
IV. Sending the student on time to their hosting company.
V. Organizing understudies those live in a similar spot to make a group playing
aptitude and give gathering working condition so as to share thoughts. Budget for
the internship is not enough to student and it is not updated and not parallel with
the price right now.

For the most part those recorded issue difficulties the understudy at site and if the school
can eradicate those difficulties the assistant understudy can do each work without being
pushed and stresses.

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