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Ems Rep 8

1) Open circuit and short circuit tests were performed on a single-phase transformer to model its parameters. 2) In open circuit testing, one winding was open and the other connected to a variable voltage source. Measurements were taken and used to calculate no load parameters. 3) In short circuit testing, the low voltage terminals were shorted and the high voltage side connected to a variable source. Measurements were taken and used to calculate series branch parameters.

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Rida Nasir
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35 views

Ems Rep 8

1) Open circuit and short circuit tests were performed on a single-phase transformer to model its parameters. 2) In open circuit testing, one winding was open and the other connected to a variable voltage source. Measurements were taken and used to calculate no load parameters. 3) In short circuit testing, the low voltage terminals were shorted and the high voltage side connected to a variable source. Measurements were taken and used to calculate series branch parameters.

Uploaded by

Rida Nasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2/5/2018 EMS-Lab

Lab report # 8

Abdul Hadee 160701022


ANAS GUL 160701025
Perform Open circuit and short circuit tests on a transformer
Abstract:
In this lab we performed open circuit test and short circuit test to model the single-phase transformer.

In open circuit test one winding is open circuited and the other is connected to high rated voltage line
and in short circuit test the low voltage terminals are short circuited and high voltage terminals are
connected to a variable voltage source.

Introduction:
Open Circuit or No-Load Test on Transformer
This test is performed to find out the shunt or no load branch parameters of equivalent circuit
of a transformer. This test results the iron losses and no load current values, thereby we can
determine the no load branch parameters with simple calculations. As the name itself indicates,
secondary side load terminals of the transformer are kept open and the input voltage is applied
on the other side. Since this test is carried out by without placing any load, this test is also
named as no load test.
The OC test is carried out by connecting LV side (as primary) of the transformer to the AC
supply through variac, ammeter and wattmeter instruments. The secondary side or HV side
terminals are left open and in some cases a voltmeter is connected across it to measure the
secondary voltage.
The primary side voltmeter reads the applied voltage to the transformer, ammeter reads the no
load current, wattmeter gives the input power and the variac used to vary the voltage applied
to transformer so that rated voltage is applied at rated frequency. The OC test arrangement of
a transformer is shown in below figure.

When the single-phase supply is given to the transformer, the rated value of the primary
voltage is adjusted by varying the variac. At this rated voltage, the ammeter and wattmeter
readings are to be taken. From this test, we get rated voltage Vo, input or no load current Io
and input power Wo.
Short Circuit Test on Transformer
This test is performed to find series branch parameters of an equivalent circuit such as
equivalent impedance (Zo1 or Zo2), total winding resistance (Ro1 or Ro2), and total leakage
reactance (Xo1 or Xo2). Also, it is possible to determine copper losses at any desired load and
total voltage drop of the transformer referred to primary or secondary. In this test, usually LV
winding is shorted by a thick wire. And the other side, i.e. HV side this test is conducted.
In this test, the primary or HV winding is connected to the AC supply source through voltmeter,
ammeter, wattmeter and a variac as shown in figure. This test is also called as reduced voltage
test or low voltage test. This is because as the secondary winding is short circuited, at rated
voltage the transformer draws a very large current due to its very small winding resistance.
Such high current can cause the overheating and also burning of the transformer. Thus, to limit
the high current, the primary winding must be energized with a low voltage which is just
enough to produce the rated current in the transformer primary.
The SC test is conducted on HV side due to the two main reasons. The first one is, the SC test
conducted by applying rated current and the HV side rated current is much less than the LV
side. Therefore, the rated current is easily achieved at HV side (due to the low current value) as
compared to the LV side. On the other hand, if we short the HV terminals by connecting
measuring instrument on LV side, voltage in the secondary is zero. Therefore, the current flow
through HV side is very high (as VA rating is constant) compared to the LV side and hence it will
cause to burn the transformer.

Procedure for open circuit test:


1. Connect one transformer from the three-phase transformer bank (EMS 8348) for open-circuit
as illustrated in Figure 13. Note that each transformer is rated at 380/380-220-160 V Use the 4-
5 line voltage from the three-phase power supply (EMS8821) to supply an input voltage of
approximately 220V (Line voltage). Record the input voltage, current and real power. Then turn
the voltage control knob fully CCW (0 position) and turn off the main power supply.
Circuits for Open circuit test

Procedure for short circuit test:


2. Connect the same transformer used in step 1 for the short circuit as shown in Figure 6 Turn
on the power supply. Gradually increase the input voltage with the help of Voltage control
knob until the current reaches 0.60 A on the secondary side (meter I2) (you must connect
Ammeter in series with the short circuit at the secondary side). Record the voltage, current and
real power. Then turn the voltage control knob fully CCW (0 position) and turn off the main
power supply.

Circuits for Short circuit test


Calculations for Open circuit test:
Quantity Value Unit
V 220 V
I 0.09 A
P 6.33 VA

𝑃𝑜𝑐 6.33
𝑝. 𝑓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = = = 0.33
𝑉𝑜𝑐 ∗ 𝐼𝑜𝑐 220 ∗ 0.09
cos 𝜃 = 0.333 ⟹ Ө = 70.54
𝐼𝑜𝑐 0.09
𝑌𝑜𝑐 = ⦤−𝜃 = ⦤ − 70.54 = 4.09 × 10−4 ⦤ − 70.54
𝑉𝑜𝑐 220
⟹ (1.3625 − 3.85𝑗) × 10−4
1
𝑅𝑐 = = 7339.4𝑜ℎ𝑚
1.3625 × 10−4
1
𝑋𝑚 = = 2597.4𝑗𝑜ℎ𝑚
3.85𝑗 × 10−4

Calculations for Short circuit test:


Quantity Value Unit
V 22.66 V
I 0.66 A
P 14.9 VA

𝑃𝑜𝑐 14.9
𝑝. 𝑓 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = = = 0.995
𝑉𝑜𝑐 ∗ 𝐼𝑜𝑐 22.66 ∗ 0.66
cos 𝜃 = 0.995 ⟹ Ө = 5.75
𝑉𝑠𝑐 22.66
𝑍𝑠𝑐 = ⦤𝜃 = ⦤5.75 = 34.12⦤5.75
𝐼𝑠𝑐 0.66
⟹ 36.11 + 0.58𝑗
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 36.11𝑜ℎ𝑚
𝑋𝑚 = 0.58𝑗𝑜ℎ𝑚

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