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Engine Lubrication System

The engine lubrication system distributes oil to reduce friction between moving engine parts. An oil pump pulls oil through a strainer and pushes it through an oil filter before distributing it to bearings, piston rings, and other components via drilled passages. Excess oil is scraped off pistons and drains back to the sump. Proper lubrication is essential for minimizing wear and extending engine life.

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Waqar Younas Numberdar
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370 views

Engine Lubrication System

The engine lubrication system distributes oil to reduce friction between moving engine parts. An oil pump pulls oil through a strainer and pushes it through an oil filter before distributing it to bearings, piston rings, and other components via drilled passages. Excess oil is scraped off pistons and drains back to the sump. Proper lubrication is essential for minimizing wear and extending engine life.

Uploaded by

Waqar Younas Numberdar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as ODT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENGINE LUBRICATION SYSTEM

The engine lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving parts to reduce friction between
surfaces. Lubrication plays a key role in the life expectancy of an automotive engine . If the
lubricating system fail, an engine would succumb to overheating and seizing very quickly. An oil
pump is located on the bottom of the engine. The oil is pulled through a strainer, by the oil pump,
removing larger contaminants from the mass of the fluid. The oil then forced through an oil filter
under pressure to the main bearings and the oil pressure gauge. It is important to note that not all
filters perform the same. A filter’s ability to remove particles is dependent upon many factors,
including the media material (pore size, surface area and depth of filter), the differential pressure
across the media, and the flow rate across the media. From the main bearings, the oil passes into
drilled passages in the crankshaft and the big-end bearings of the connecting rod. The oil fling
dispersed by the rotating crankshaft lubricates the cylinder walls and piston-pin bearings. The excess
oil is scraped off by the scraper rings on the piston. The engine oil also lubricates camshaft bearings
and the timing chain or gears on the camshaft drive. The excess oil in the system then drains back to
the sump.

ENGINE OIL

Superior quality engine oil is formulated with the high quality base oil and advanced technology based additive
package to provide protection for automotive engines in severe service applications.

SAE Stands for the Society of Automotive Engineers, based in the U.S.A.The SAE grade specifies the most important
parameters for engine oil mainly its viscosity. The SAE viscosity classification defines mainly viscosity limits at high
and low temperature for any grade of lubricants. The SAE grade guide us to the right viscosity for different outside
temperatures. Grades marked ‘w’ stand for winter are at a temperature below 0 0C.

API stands for the American Petroleum Institute. This body has specified the performance standards that oils used
in road vehicles should meet . For oils to use in passenger car engines, the letters API are followed by a set of two
letters such as SM, etc. Service Levels for passenger car oils or ‘S’ indicates for Spark Ignition Engine. These specified
performance levels have evolved through the years, from API SA to SN,
Similarly, the API designates the performance of diesel engine oils with a letter sequence such as API CF-4.’C’
indicates for commercial or compression ignition engine. Automotive gear oils they use API GL-4.API GL-5 etc.
The highest API for commercial engine oils (diesel oils) today is API CJ-4.

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TECHNICAL ANATOMY
How Does The Engine Lubrication
System Work? Know Here
Updated On March 16,2019

Engine Lubrication System:


When two metallic surfaces under direct contact move over each
other, they create friction which generates heat. This causes
excessive wear and tear of those moving parts. However, when a
film of lubricating matter separates them from each other, they do
not come in physical contact with each other. Thus, lubrication is a
process that separates the moving parts by supplying a flow of a
lubricating substance between them. The lubricant could be liquid,
gas or solid. However, engine lubrication system mainly uses liquid
lubricants.

The Engine Lubrication System:


1. Minimizes power loss by reducing the friction between the
moving parts.
2. Reduces the wear and tear of the moving parts.
3. Provides cooling effect to the hot engine parts.
4. Provides cushioning effect against vibrations caused by the
engine.
5. Carries out the internal cleaning of the engine.
6. Helps piston rings to seal against high-pressure gases in the
cylinder.
Engine lubrication system supplies the engine oil to the
following parts:
1. Crankshaft main bearings
2. Big end bearings
3. Piston pins and small end bushes
4. Cylinder walls
5. Piston rings
6. Timing Gears
7. Camshaft and bearings
8. Valves
9. Tappets and push-rods
10. Oil pump parts
11. Water pump bearings
12. In-Line Fuel Injection Pump bearings
13. Turbocharger bearings (if fitted)
14. Vacuum pump bearings (if fitted)
15. Air-compressor piston and bearings (in commercial
vehicles for air-brake)
Types of Engine Lubrication System:
There are mainly four types of lubrication systems used in
automotive engines which are:
1. Petroil System
2. Splash System
3. Pressure system
4. Dry-Sump System
Components of Engine Lubrication System:
1. Oil Sump
2. Engine oil filter
3. Piston cooling nozzles
4. Oil Pump
5. The Oil Galleries
6. Oil Cooler
7. The Oil pressure indicator/light
Oil Pan / Sump:
An Oil Pan / Sump is just a bowl-shaped reservoir. It stores
the engine oil and then circulates it within the engine. Oil sump sits
below the crankcase and stores the engine oil when the engine is
not running. It is located at the bottom of the engine in order to
collect and store the engine oil. The oil returns to the sump by
pressure/gravity when the engine is not in use.

Bad road conditions could cause damage to the Oil Pan / Sump. So,
the manufacturers provide a stone guard/sump guard underneath
the sump. The sump guard absorbs the hit from the uneven road and
protects the sump from any damage.

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Oil Pump:
An Oil Pump is a device which helps to circulate the lubricant oil to
all the moving parts inside the engine. These parts include
crankshaft & camshaft bearings as well as valve lifters. It is
generally located at the bottom of the crankcase, close to the oil
sump. The oil pump supplies the oil to oil filter which filters and
sends it onward. The oil then reaches different moving parts of the
engine through oil galleries.

Even, small particles can choke the oil pump and galleries. If oil
Pump gets blocked, then it can cause the severe damage to the
engine or even complete seizure of the engine. To avoid it, the oil
pump consists of a strainer and a by-pass valve. Hence, it is
necessary to change the engine oil and filter at regular intervals as
recommended by the manufacturers.

Oil Galleries:
In order to get better performance and longer engine life, it is
essential that the engine oil quickly reaches the moving parts of the
engine. For this purpose, manufacturers provide oil galleries within
the engine. The Oil Galleries are nothing but series of
interconnected passages which supply the oil to the remotest parts
of the engine.

Engine Lubrication System: Oil Galleries


Oil galleries consist of big and small passages drilled inside the
cylinder block. The bigger passages connect to the smaller
passages and supply the engine oil upto the cylinder head
and overhead camshafts. The oil galleries also supply the oil to the
crankshaft, crankshaft bearings and camshaft bearings thru holes
drilled in them as well as to valve lifters/tappets.

Oil Cooler:
The Oil Cooler is a device which works just like a radiator. It cools
down the engine oil which becomes very hot. Oil cooler transfers
the heat from the engine oil to the engine coolant through its fins.
Initially, manufacturers used the oil cooler only in the racing/high-
performance vehicles. However today, most vehicles use oil cooler
system for better engine performance.

Engine Lubrication System: Oil Cooler


Oil cooler which helps to maintain the engine oil temperature also
keeps its viscosity under control. Additionally, It retains the
lubricant quality, prevents the engine from overheating and thereby
saving it from wear and tear.

For more information, please click here.

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