KALACHUCHI (PLUMERIA ACUMINATA) LEAVES EXTRACT AS AN

ALTERNATIVE LARVICIDE

Prepared by:John Bryson Mendoza

Submitted to: MS. Arlene Landicho
KALACHUCHI (PLUMERIA ACUMINATA) LEAVES
EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE LARVICIDE
• Since There are many Species of Kalachuchi
(PLUMERIA) I had chosen the most abundant in our
Barangay which is Plumeria Acuminata.
• Some of the most chosen species of Kalachuchi are
Plumeria rubra ( Red Frangipani) which is often used for
Medicine and Plumeria Acuminata (Kalachuchi) which is
also used on Medicine but most often on Larvicides or
Pesticides.
KALACHUCHI (PLUMERIA ACUMINATA) LEAVES
EXTRACT AS AN ALTERNATIVE LARVICIDE
• Although it is an effective larvicide it takes 3-5 minutes
before all wrigglers are killed.
• But Based on its duration of time,it shows that as the
number of larvicide increases , the faster wrigglers were
killed
• This study can help on reducing the number of
mosquitoes because it is effective,cost efficient,and
abundant in many Barangays and also in other countries
HERE ARE THE RELATED TOPICS ON MY STUDY

• Eficacy of Kalachuci leaves bark extract as ointment in

the treatment of Otomycosis.
• Cytotoxic constituents of the bark of Plumeria Rubra
(Kalachuchi) collected in Indonesia
• Antipyretic and Antimociceptive Activities of Kalachuchi
leaves
• Antioxidant and Tree radical scavengng Activites of
Plumeria Acuminata leaves
Related Studies

• Anti-Inflammatory evaluation of leaves of Pumeria

Acuminata
Eficacy of Kalachuci leaves bark extract as ointment
in the treatment of Otomycosis.
• Boncalon Rhoda Mae V., MD, Arugay Marida Arend V.,
MD and Ramos Rachel Zita H., MD
• Eighteen patients with otomycosis were enrolled in the
study. There was one dropout per treatment group with no
intention to treat. There were no statistically significant
differences between KO and CC, with 75% (n=8) and
87.5% (n=8) cure rates, respectively. One subject in the
KO arm reported severe ear pain.
Eficacy of Kalachuci leaves bark extract as ointment
in the treatment of Otomycosis.
• Kalachuchi extract ointment may be a promising topical
antifungal agent. Multicenter clinical trials to establish its
efficacy and safety as an effective alternative in the
management of otomycosis should be conducted.
• Of the 10 locally available medicinal plants in the priority list of the Philippine Council for
Health Research and Development (PCHRD) of the Department of Science and Technology
(DOST) and Plant Resource of South East Asia (PROSEA), kalachuchi {Plumeria acuminata
Ait.) has one of the highest activities in assays against Candida species. Antimycotic
properties of kalachuchi (Plumeria acuminata Ait.) bark extract against Aspergillus flavus and
Aspergillus niger have been shown in in-vitro studies.12 Application of this extract in
controlled and limited number of subjects may help establish its pharmacotherapeutic
potentials.
Cytotoxic constituents of the bark of Plumeria Rubra
(Kalachuchi) collected in Indonesia
• J. Nat. Prod., 1990, 53 (6), pp 1447–1455
• Publication Date: November 1990
• By bioactivity-directed fractionation, six cytotoxic constituents
have been characterized from the bark of Plumeria rubra collected
in Indonesia. Three iridoids, fulvoplumierin [1], allamcin [2], and
allamandin [3], as well as 2,5-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone [4], were
found to be active constituents of the P. rubra petroleum-ether-
and CHCl3-soluble extracts. .
Cytotoxic constituents of the bark of Plumeria Rubra
(Kalachuchi) collected in Indonesia
• Cytotoxic compounds isolated from the H2O-soluble extract of the bark were the iridoid
plumericin [5], and the lignan liriodendrin [6]. Each of these substances was found to
demonstrate general cytotoxic activity when evaluated with a panel of cell lines composed of
murine lymphocytic leukemia (P-388) and a number of human cancer cell-types (breast,
colon, fibrosarcoma, lung, melanoma, KB). Five additional iridoids, 15-demethylplumieride [7],
plumieride [8], alpha-allamcidin [9], beta-allamcidin [10], and 13-O-trans-p-
coumaroylplumieride [11], were obtained as inactive constituents. Compound 7 was found to
be a novel natural product, and its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods and
by conversion to plumieride [8]. The configuration of the C-4 stereocenter was
unambiguously assigned for compounds 9 and 10, and certain nmr reassignments have
been provided for compound 1
Antipyretic and Antimociceptive Activities of
Kalachuchi leaves
• M. Gupta, U.K. Mazumder and P. Gomathi , 2007. Evaluation of
Antipyretic and Antinociceptive Activities of Plumeria acuminata
Leaves. Journal of Medical Sciences, 7: 835-839.
• Plumeria acuminata (Apocynaceae) is commonly known as perungalli in Tamil and widely distributed
throughout the Southern parts of India. The plant material is widely used as a purgative, remedy for
pain, fever, diarrhea and cure for itch. The milky juice is employed for the treatment of inflammation and
rheumatism. The bark has been applied as a plaster over inflammation and hard tumors. The leaves
are reported to have antiinflammatory, rubefacient in rheumatism and have strong purgative effect
(Nadkarni, 1976). We found no relevant literature substantiating the uses indicated. As a part of our
pharmacological screening of this plant, we previously demonstrated that the methanol extract of
Plumeria acuminata produces potent anti-inflammatory effect on experimental models (Gupta et al.,
2006). The purpose of the present study was therefore, to evaluate the antipyretic and antinociceptive
effect of the methanol extract using Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia and some acute and chronic
models of pain in rats and mice.
Antipyretic and Antimociceptive Activities of
Kalachuchi leaves
• The present study was designed to investigate the antipyretic and
antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of Plumeria acuminata leaves
(MEPA) (Apocynaceae) in several experimental models. A single oral
administration of MEPA at different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg kg-1)
showed significant reduction in brewer`s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats.
MEPA also elicited pronounced inhibitory effect on acetic acid-induced
writhing response, hot plate, tail flick and tail immersion responses in mice in
the antinociceptive test. These findings suggest that the methanol extract of
Plumeria acuminata possessed potent antipyretic and antinociceptive activity.
Preliminary phytochemial screening of the extracts showed the presence of
alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes and steroids which may be
responsible for antipyretic and antinociceptive activities.
Antioxidant and Tree radical scavengng Activites of
Plumeria Acuminata leaves
• M. Gupta, U.K. Mazumder and P. Gomath , 2007.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging
Activities of Plumeria acuminata Leaves. Journal of
Biological Sciences, 7: 1361-1367.
• The present study was aimed out to evaluate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of
methanolic extract of Plumeria acuminata leaves (Apocynaceae) in various systems. DPPH radical,
superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays were carried out
to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the extract. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract
increased in a dose dependent manner. About 50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg of Methanol Extract
of Plumeria acuminata (MEPA) showed 46.01, 52.83, 57.43, 61.38, 68.27 and 73.14% inhibition,
respectively on peroxidation of linoleic acid emulsion. Like antioxidant activity, the effect of MEPA on
reducing power increases in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical and nitric oxide radical
scavenging assays, MEPA exhibited maximum activity of 60.42 and 56.38% inhibition at the
concentration of 125 μg mLG-1.
Antioxidant and Tree radical scavengng Activites of
Plumeria Acuminata leaves
• Moreover, the MEPA was found to scavenge the superoxide generated by PMS/NADH-NBT system.
MEPA was also found to inhibit the hydroxyl radical generated by Fenton`s reaction, where the IC50
value of MEPA was found to be 74.39 μg mLG-1 and for catechin the IC50 value was found to be 5.27
μg mLG-1, which indicates the prooxidant activity of MEPA. The amounts of total phenolic compounds
were also determined in this study. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the MEPA
can be a potential source of natural antioxidant.
• The role of free radical reactions in disease pathology is well established, suggesting that these
reactions are necessary for normal metabolism but can be detrimental to health as well. Diseases
caused by free radical reactions are atherosclerosis, aging, ischemic heart diseases, inflammation,
diabetes, immunosuppression, neurodegenerative diseases and others (Harman, 1988; Maxwell, 1995).
During metabolism oxygen consumption involves the constant generation of free radicals and reactive
oxygen species. There are many enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in the
body that remove these toxic species.
Antioxidant and Tree radical scavenging Activites of
Plumeria Acuminata leaves
• Enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase etc., are involved in this
detoxification process (Clark et al., 1985). Many synthetic antioxidant components have shown toxic
and/or mutagenic effects, which have shifted the attention on to the naturally occurring antioxidants.
Their use has mainly centered on prevention and maintenance of health. Numerous plant constituents
have proven to show free radical scavenging activity or antioxidant activity (Aruoma and Cuppett, 1997).
Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds (proanthocyanidins, rosmarinic acid, hydroxyl cinnamic
derivatives, catechins etc.) of plant origin have been reported as scavengers and inhibitors of lipid
peroxidation (Formica and Regelson, 1995). According to newest research lignans also show
considerable activity in this area (Hua and Geng-Tao, 1992; Wagner et al., 1996).
Anti-Inflammatory evaluation of leaves of Pumeria
Acuminata
• M.Gupta BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE,2006
• Plumeria acuminata belonging to the family Apocynaceae is commonly known as 'perungalli' in Tamil
and is widely distributed throughout the Southern parts of India. In traditional medicinal system different
parts of the plant have been mentioned to be useful in a variety of diseases. The plant material is
widely used as a purgative, remedy for diarrhoea and cure for itch. The milky juice is employed for the
treatment of inflammation and rheumatism. The bark has been reported to be useful in hard tumors,
diarrhoea and gonorrhoea. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory
activity of methanol extract of leaves of Plumeria acuminata on carrageenan, dextran, histamine and
serotonin-induced inflammation in rat hind paw oedema models.
Anti-Inflammatory evaluation of leaves of Pumeria
Acuminata
• The methanol extract of Plumeria acuminata exhibited significant anti-
inflammatory activity on the tested experimental animal models. The extract
(500 mgkg(-1) b.w) exhibited maximum antiinflammatory effect i.e., 30.51,
47.06, 34.48 and 32.50% (P < 0.001) at the end of 3 h with carrageenan,
dextran, histamine and serotonin respectively. Administration of MEPA (500
mgkg(-1) b.w) and indomethacin (10 mgkg(-1) b.w) significantly reduced the
formation of granuloma tissue induced by cotton pellet method at a rate of
45.06 and 51.57% respectively. The effect produced by the extract was
comparable to that of indomethacin a prototype of a nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory agent.