Isaiah Joshua S.

Singson July ,2019

Gr.11 - St. Padre Pio SDA#1

“It’s a hard rock life”

I. Introduction
The earth is made of different layers from core to crust, inside Earth, near its center, lies
Earth's core which is mostly made up of nickel and iron. Above the core is Earth's mantle,
which is made up of rock containing silicon, iron, magnesium, aluminum, oxygen and other
minerals. The rocky surface layer of Earth, called the crust, is made up of mostly oxygen,
silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium. Earth's surface is
mainly covered with liquid water and its atmosphere is mainly nitrogen and oxygen, with
smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases.

Rock is the solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth and other
similar planets, exposed on the surface or underlying the soil or oceans. It is categorized by
the minerals included, its chemical composition and the way in which it is formed. Rocks
are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks a type of rock which naturally
comes from cooling or heating of lava, metamorphic rocks a type of rock that was formed
through the transformation of existing rocks and sedimentary rocks a type of rock that
formed from the deposition and accumulation of small particles from the ocean floors or
other bodies of water from the earth’s surface. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer,
the crust.

Minerals are a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence, a solid chemical

compound that occurs naturally in pure form, usually reserved for mineral
species: crystalline compounds with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a
specific crystal structure.

II. Objectives
 Classify rocks that can be found in the NDGM field
 Identify the minerals can be found inside the rock through testing
 Know different name of rocks and properties
 Observe differences of rock properties

III. Methodology
Materials:
 Rock found in NDGM field (5)
  Magnet
 Sand paper
 Magnifying glass
 Sodium Chloride

Procedures:
1. Try to use the magnet on the rock and know if the rock has iron particles inside
2. Test the rock picked from the field by applying sodium chloride on the rock
3. Wait and know if the sodium chloride reacts through the formation of bubble
4. Use the sand paper to the rock and identify the color that will appear as it was
scratch in the sand paper
5. Gather all the data and make a table listing the properties of rock

6. Make a conclusion, identification and properties of rock found on the field

IV. Diagrams

Rock #1 Rock #2
 Rock #3 Rock #4

Rock #5

V. Result
Magnetic Sand
Texture Color Acid Naming
Property Paper
Marble
Rock #1 Smooth Off-white N/A White w/bubbles
White
Marble
Rock #2 Rough Gray N/A White w/o bubbles
Green
Rock #3 Rough Gray N/A White w/o bubbles Slate
Yellowish-
Rock #4 Rough N/A White w/o bubbles Stalagmite
orange
Marble
Rock #5 Smooth Off-white N/A White w/bubbles
White

VI. Analysis
In this experiment, the rocks that had been tested did not attract with magnet so the
rocks don’t have iron inside it, the rock #1 and rock #5 did react with the sodium chloride
thus forming a bubble while the others didn’t, the color of the rock when rubbed to the sand
 paper with smooth texture and rough texture results to color white. The rocks were also
identified through its properties to know the name of the rock, also through these properties
we can know the differences of the types of rock than can be found in the NDGM oval field.
VII. Questions and Answers
 Why do rocks react with forming bubbles in the surface when applied by a sodium
chloride?
- Rocks reacts when applied by a sodium chloride when it does have hydrogen or
chloride mineral inside it, it reacts by forming bubbles on the surface when it can
goes out.
 Why are the rocks attracted with magnet?
- Rocks are attracted with magnet because they have a mineral called “magnetite”,
magnetite is a rock mineral and one of the main ores with a chemical formula
Fe3O4, one of the oxides of iron, and a ferromagnetic, a magnetite is attracted to
a magnet and can also be magnetized to become a permanent magnet.
 How can we know if a rock is igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary?
- A rock can be classified if it is sedimentary if the rock has deposits or
accumulation of particles from oceans or other bodies of water, if it is igneous if
it mostly come from volcanoes and was formed from cooling and heating of lava,
a metamorphic rock is a rock evolve from sedimentary or igneous, a type of rock
that produces another layer on the surface of the rock by physical or chemical
alteration.

VIII. Conclusion
In this experiment, I’ve known that that rocks are different by their properties,
some have a magnetite a mineral that can be attracted to magnet or can be a magnet also.
Some of the rocks reacts to sodium chloride knowing that rock have a hydrogen or
chlorine inside it as mineral, those rocks are the rocks that mostly found close to the
bodies of water. I’ve also able to classify a rock by its name through its physical
properties, and also that all rocks have a name and have their own uniqueness.

IX. Personal Reflection

In the experiment done, I have realized that rocks are can also be describe a
human, rocks do have their own name, their uniqueness, and properties that differs the
from the other rocks. Also that the rocks differ through its name like we humans differ
from the identity of our nations we also have common traits because we have a name that
generalizes it, like rocks where they also have a name and when you got it you can say
that this rock named like it. Also that the rocks can be attracted to magnet or another rock
that processed to be a magnet, just like we people who was attracted to the one that
satisfies the properties that we look at. Rocks are just like people who have identities and
 uniqueness with each other, so we must not be so hard in just looking at the rock as a
rock but we must also be able to identify a rock through its identity.

Sources:
Robert S. Carmichael & Cornelis Klein, 2018,”Rock Cycle”,
https://www.britannica.com/science/rock-geology
2017,”What are minerals”, http://www.eniscuola.net/en/argomento/subsoil/rocks-and-
minerals/what-are-minerals/
2018, “Earth-Nine Planets”, https://nineplanets.org/earth.html
Hobart M. King, 2017, “Magnetite and Lodestone”,
https://geology.com/minerals/magnetite.shtml
Dr. Richard Busch, 2017, “Types of Rocks”,
https://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.html
Julia Haskins, 2016, “Sodium Chloride”, https://www.healthline.com/health/sodium-chloride
Isaiah Joshua S. Singson July 08,2019

Gr.11 - St. Padre Pio SDA#2

I. Introduction
Water is a transparent, a tasteless, an odorless, and a nearly colorless chemical
substance and a mostly the fluids of most living organisms. Vital for all known forms of
life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrients.
There are different types of water, ionized, zero, mineral, spring, distilled,
alkaline. Ionized water is a home water use electromagnetic energy to separate the
positively charged minerals from the negatively charged bicarbonate components in
water. Zero water is a water that produces nearly zero total dissolved solids, claims to
remove up to 99% of dissolved solids including minerals, salts, metals, cations and
anions. Mineral water is a water that naturally gains essential minerals like calcium and
magnesium through the filtration process. Spring water is a water that comes from an
underground aquifer, that may be accessed by a well, and it may or may not be treated.
Distilled water is a water goes through a process where it is boiled, evaporated, and the
vapor condenses, a water that is free of any dissolved minerals and because of this, has
the special property of being able to actively absorb toxic substances from the body and
eliminate them. And lastly Alkaline water that is higher than 7 on the pH scale.
Wastewater is a water that has been affected by the usage of humans, commonly
called “used water”.
Wastewater management is the recycling of wastewater for the water to be
suitable to all life forms, but some of the water was disposed or cannot be recycled or
filtered any more.
Sewage treatment is the process of recycling used water or wastewater from an
establishment before letting it out to the central sewage system or be recycled in the
establishment.

II. Objectives
 To know the NDGM STP
 To learn the use of NDGM STP
 To understand the importance of NDGM STP
 To visit boys and girls CR, water reservoir, and NDGM STP

III. Methodology
Water Conservation
1. Fall in line, one line for boys and one for girls.
2. Boys will go to the CR of girls and take a picture of water management technique
posted on the cubicle door
3. Girls will go to the CR of boys and take a picture of water management technique
posted on the cubicle door
NDGM STP
 1. Fall in line, one line for boys and one for girls
2. Take a picture of different parts of the STP

IV. Diagram
Water Management

Note Clean Water Toilet Bowl NDGM Water Reservoir

NDGM STP

Contorl Booth STP Process

V. Result
STP Water Management
Note of water management on
the cubicle door
Clean Water Toilet Bowl

NDGM Water Reservoir

 VI. Analysis
In water management of water, we must can conserve water through the proper
usage of water like the usage of the toilet flush, the bigger course is for human waste but
when you just urinate or vomit you can use the smaller course. The conservation of
water in the flush can save tons of gallons of water in a year. In NDGM STP the first
step is the collection of water or the pipe that will go through the pipes, then second
going to the bar screen where the solid waste that are filtered, third to the equalization
tank (EQT) where the wastewater are equalize and then introduced to chemical water
treatment systems, fourth to the sequential batch reactor tank or SBRT where it
processes tank for treating wastewater, fifth the aerobic digested tank or ADT use to
remove the volume of sewage sludge and making it suitable for recycling water, and last
is the clean water tank or CWT where clean water are stored.

VII. Questions and Answer

1. What is STP?
-Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal
wastewater, containing mainly household sewage plus some industrial wastewater.
Physical, chemical, and biological processes are used to remove contaminants and
produce treated wastewater that is safe enough for release into the environment. (Pure air
filtration)

2. Why do establishments must have STP?

- Establishment must have STP because the major aim of STP is to remove as
much of the suspended solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is
discharged back to the environment. And when it was released to the central sewage the
solid waste in the water are already filtered and could prevent flooding.

3. What are the bad effects of polluted water on human?

- Bad effects of polluted water on human are water-borne diseases account for the
deaths of 3,575,000 people a year! ... Some of these water-borne diseases are Typhoid,
Cholera, Paratyphoid Fever, Dysentery, Jaundice, Amoebiasis and Malaria. Chemicals in
the water also have negative effects on our health. (The World Counts)

VIII. Conclusion
NDGM is a water friendly school, it encourages the students to conserve water when
using it, also it teaches the bad effects of polluted water to the human body. Also, NDGM
is environment friendly, because NDGM is one of the establishments in Caloocan that
have STP or Sewage Treatment Plant, where wastewaters are filtered, cleanse, and
removing all substance before letting it out to the central sewage. This process will help
the environment from preventing floods coming from large waste in the water, also the
water in the sewage system when reaches the dam, the process of treating it may be
shortened.
Conserving water is must for every people, because even we are surrounded by water,
yet we still don’t have the fresh water or the water that can take by our body. Polluted
 water can cause diseases and damage to our body, so we must conserve our little clean
water reservoir for us to prevent diseases coming from polluted water.

IX. Personal Reflection

In the field trip to NDGM STP and to the girls CR, I’ve learned that water is essential
for us human, and we cannot live without water. Conserving water is a must because we
only have little reserve of clean water that we human can intake, also that the earth is
consist of water that was polluted and the process of treating water is way too long so we
must be mindful and responsible in using drinking water. I’ve learned the different types
of water, the distilled, mineral, alkaline, etc. These are the types of water that we could
drink, this water is filtered and treated so the substance that may affect our system would
be avoided and the diseases we can get from polluted water also. I become proud of being
a student of NDGM because NDGM cares for the environment, that’s why the school
have the STP or sewage treatment plant where wastewater of the school was first treated
before letting it out to the central sewage system. Through we can assure that NDGM is
helping the environment.

Sources:
Zumdahl, Steven; 2016; “Water”; Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/science/water
Santevia; March 08, 2018; “Types of water: Ionized ,zero ,mineral ,spring ,distilled
,alkaline” ;Retrieved from: https://www.santevia.com/blog/types-of-water-ionized-zero-
mineral-spring-distilled-alkaline/
Enviro Editor; May 29, 2016; “Water Waste Management”; Retrieved from:
https://www.environment.co.za/pollution/water-waste-management.html
2010; “What is wastewater”; http://www.eschooltoday.com/wastewater/what-is-
wastewater.html
Isaiah Joshua S. Singson September ,2019
Gr.11 - St. Padre Pio SDA#2

I. Introduction
Energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to
perform work on, or to heat, the object. Energy is a conserved quantity; the law
of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or
destroyed. The SI unit of energy is the joule, which is the energy transferred to an object
by the work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton. Common
forms of energy include the kinetic energy of a moving object, the potential energy stored
by an object's position in a force field (gravitational, electric or magnetic), the elastic
energy stored by stretching solid objects, the chemical energy released when a fuel burns,
the radiant energy carried by light, and the thermal energy due to an object's temperature.
Electricity is a natural phenomenon that occurs throughout nature and takes many
different forms. Electricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. Electricity is both a
basic part of nature and one of the most widely used forms of energy. Electricity also is a
fundamental form of energy observable in positive and negative forms that occurs
naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a generator) and that is expressed in
terms of the movement and interaction of electrons and an electric current or power.
Appliance a household machine that uses electricity or some other energy input it
is a device or piece of equipment designed to perform a specific task, typically a domestic
one. Appliance also take the action or process of bringing something into operation.

II. Objectives
 To know the cost of use of different appliances inside the house
 To learn the watt rating of different appliances inside the house
 To understand how to compute for the cost of appliances
 To be able to conserve electricity

III. Methodology
Materials:
-LED flat screen TV
-Water Dispenser with hot and cold
- Soundbar and Subwoofer
-Electric fan
-Air-con
-Electricity Bill

Procedures:
1. Make an inventory of appliances and electrical items your entire family uses at home.
For each appliance look for the label that indicates the number of watts it uses.
 2. Fill in how many hours per day this appliance is used in a typical weekday and a
Sunday. Be as accurate as possible.
3. For each appliance, convert the data into the number of kWH of energy that it uses.
This can be done using the formula: kWH used per day=(watt rating)(total
minutes/60)/1000.
4. From your electricity bill, find out the cost of electricity per kWH for your area.
Compute for the cost of using it over the given time. Put all the data in a table similar
to the one below.
5. Using the total kWH used per day, determine the amount of CO2 your entire family
releases into the atmosphere per day from your electricity use. Generally, 1.5lb of
CO2 is emitted per kWH, assuming that all our electricity comes from a coal-fired
power plant.
IV. Diagram

(TV with soundbar and subwoofer)

(Air-Con) (Electric fan) (Water Dispenser)

V. Result
Cost of Use
Watt Rating Time Used kWH used (per
Appliance (Php/day) at
(W) (min/day) day)
Php 9.04 kWH
60’ LED TV 200 420 1.4 12.66
Water
510 120 1.02 9.23
Dispenser
Air-Con 1526 450 11.45 103.51
Electric Fan 125 480 1 9.04
Soundbar and
40 420 0.28 2.53
Subwoofer
Total 15.15 136.97
 VI. Analysis
In auditing household appliances I was able to create a table and list the 5 most
use appliances inside the house beside the light bulbs inside the house and the
refrigerator. In the table it showed that the Air-con that was use at night when sleeping
has the greatest amount of watt rating and cost of use per day, next is the television in
which was just only use at night also after going home. The water dispenser that has hot
and cold feature has the 2nd to the highest watt rating but the time consumption is low
thus making the cost of use of it to become low. The use of electric fan is somehow I can
say efficient because it is big but the cost of consumption of it is just 1kWH per day thus
making it for me to be power saving. The soundbar and subwoofer although it was use
same time as the television it cost low and it is energy efficiency, I think it is more of the
brand thus making it efficient.
VII. Question and Answers
1. How does electricity bill was rated?
- The electricity bill was rated depends on the kilowatt per hour of your total
consumption for the month with its rates. It also includes government tax and different
charges. The rate also includes Transmission charge, system loss charge, Distribution
charge, lifeline rate subsidy and universal charges.

2. Where can I find the watt rating of my appliance?

- The watt rating of the appliance could be found in the back, under or close to the
plug of the unit, it could also be found in the manual of the appliance and also in the box
of the unit.

3. How can I lessen my electricity bill?

- According to Meralco, there are 5 ways to lessen electricity bill : Keep your
refrigerator full (but not TOO full)., Avoid oversized aircon. Goodbye incandescent
bulbs, Hello CFLs. Switch to induction cooking. Use an electricity cost calculator. And
also there are infinite ways on how to lessen electricity bill and conserve the consumption
of electricity.

VIII. Conclusion
Appliances have a big part to our lives know. It can helps us in our works and
tasks and can make our work much more easier and comfortable. Through the years there
are a lot of advancement in our technologies and that also threatens man work force
because the appliance rapidly get the work that was originally for humans, it is because
that appliance products are more efficient and more fast than man work force. But in
household appliances there is no conflict between man work force and appliance work
force but sometime we misused and abuse the consumption of appliance that we didn’t
know that it can effect more bigger in a 1 minute abused in usage of appliance. We must
conserve the use of appliance not because it can cost as more but because we conserve
energy and lessen the emission of CO2 in the environment because of use of energy.
Lastly, I can conclude that appliances
IX. Personal Reflection
I as a mostly depends on appliance learned that simple mismanaged of using it
can affect me more because the appliance need energy and electricity and the number one
 source of energy on earth comes from burning of coal and through this burning of coal we
release as much as CO2 same as the amount of energy we get. That means the electricity
we are wasting has the same amount of CO2 that we are releasing in the atmosphere and
thus we also boost global warming that can also lead to climate change. This factors are
just few of many chain effects of mismanage in the usage of appliances. Conserving the
use of appliance not just lessen the total electricity bill but also can benefit in much more
better and good side of effect.

https://www.britannica.com/science/energy

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/what-is-electricity/all

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/electricity

https://filipiknow.net/ways-to-lower-electric-bill/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_appliance