BUSINESS STATISTIC

PROJECT

TOPIC: DRUG ABUSE

 INTRODUCTION

I. What are drugs?

 A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support)
that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed vis a patch on the
skin or dissolved under the tongue causes a temporary physiological and often
psychological change in the body.
 Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect the function of the
central nervous system. They include alcohol, a depressant and a stimulant in
small quantities, and the “stimulants nicotine” and “caffeine”. These are the
most widely consumed drugs.

What is “Drug Abuse” and “Drug Addiction”?

 Drug abuse refers to the habit of regular intake of illegal drugs characterized by
misuse of drugs.
 There is a thin-line of difference between Drug abuse and addiction. In case of drug
abuse, the person may or may not be addicted to these harmful drugs.
 However, in case of drug addiction, the person is severely addicted to these
drugs. Thus, drug abuse may often lead to drug addiction.

II. How it causes death and depression among people?

Depression is a horrible mental illness that can leave a person feeling lost, lonely and scared.
To cope, some people turn to illegal drugs or prescription medication to self-medicate their
painful feelings of sadness, guilt or worthlessness. Drugs can provide a temporary escape, but
once the effects of the drug wear off, the bad feelings return. This can lead a person to use
more and more drugs to feel better, which can turn into drug dependence and addiction.
 DEATHS DUE TO DRUG ABUSE IN INDIA AMOUNG DIFFERENT AGES

Studies have also revealed that 12% of drug addicts are below the age of 15, as are
31% in the age group of 16-25 years and 56% in the age group of 25. India has witnessed a
five-time (455%) increase in drug hauls over three years, from 2011 to 2013
Officials have seized 105,173 tonnes of illegal drugs over this period, a reminder of a
growing Indian problem on the international day against drug abuse and illicit trafficking,

With nearly 18% of the world’s population in the 15-64 age group, India is a prime market
for illicit opiates originating in both South-East Asia and South-West Asia,
The latest available data, from 2004, estimates that 10.7 million Indians–more than the
population of Sweden–are drug users: 8.7 million consume cannabis and 2 million use
opiates.
 INDIA’S YOUTH – ON DRUGS
Drug addiction is one such serious and disastrous problem that has trapped the young
generation of our country rigorously, today if we see the statistics; most of the teenagers in
the early age of 17-20 years have been found to be seriously addicted to the unethical
substance abuse or drug addiction and these have been mostly are the college and even school
going young students. Even the unprivileged and poor children have also been found to be
involved in drug abuse/ addiction.

This has been posed as a hazardous issue in front of the Indian government because the
young generation is the potential power for the future of the country and if their current lives
are drowned under such addictions then the future of the nation would certainly turn into
dark. This is indeed a serious matter for the Indian society as well, and this matter should be
resolved with collective efforts of the people of the society. There is a definite case of more
people taking to drugs and these figures paint a frightening picture of the grip the culture
exerts on the young. Statistics show that drug abuse is a growing problem among teens.
 Effects of Drug Abuse on Teens
Drug abuse at any age can cause serious health effects, but teens who abuse drugs are at
particular risk for negative consequences. Teens who abuse drugs are more likely to struggle
with addiction later in life and have permanent and irreversible brain damage. Some other
common negative effects of teen drug abuse are:
1. Abuse can cause or mask emotional problems such as anxiety, depression, mood
swings, suicidal thoughts and schizophrenia. In fact, among teens with major
depression, 34.6 percent report using drugs. Unfortunately, drug use can also increase
the severity of these emotional problems. For example, teens that use marijuana
weekly double their risk of depression and anxiety.
2. Behavioral problems. Teens who abuse drugs have an increased risk of social
problems, depression, suicidal thoughts and violence. According to a recent survey by
the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, teens who abuse
drugs are more likely than teens who don’t abuse drugs to engage in delinquent
behaviors such as fighting and stealing.
3. Addiction and dependence. Studies prove that the younger a person is when they
begin using drugs the more likely they are to develop a substance abuse problem and
relapse later in life.
4. Risky sex. Teens that use drugs are five times more likely to have sex than teens who
don’t use drugs. Teens that use drugs are also more likely to have unprotected sex and
have sex with a stranger. This leads to higher risks of STDs, teen pregnancy and
sexual assault.
5. Learning problems. Drug abuse damages short-term and long-term memory and can
lead to problems with learning and memory later in life.
6. Diseases. Teens who abuse drugs with needles increase their risk of blood-borne
diseases like HIV, AIDS and Hepatitis B and C.
7. Brain damage. Drug abuse among teens can result in serious mental disorders or
permanent, irreversible damage to the brain or nervous system. Brain damage among
teens who abuse drugs includes brain shrinkage; impaired learning abilities; amnesia
and memory problems; impaired reasoning, perception and intuition; increased or
decreased socialization; and changes in sexual desire.
8. Car accidents. Teenagers who abuse drugs are more likely to be involved in car
accident-related injuries or death. One study showed that 4 to 14 percent of drivers
who are injured or die in traffic accidents test positive for THC.
 CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE AMOUNG INDIAN YOUTH

We have been experiencing an alarming increase of

drug abuse among the youngsters in recent years.
Every now and then we read in the newspapers that
teens are being held for consuming drugs and most
of them are usually aged between 17 to 20. But the
main question arises that why the Indian society is
experiencing such a dilemma where more of the
teenagers and youths are involved in unethical and
unproductive activities like substance or drug
abuse. The youths are topping the charts for the wrong reasons this time around. Recently
many college-going boys and girls were hauled up by the police involved in the case of drug
consumption in a rave party. The alarming rate of drug abuse has always been a problem and
especially the increase of drug abuse among youngsters has had detrimental effects on the
society.

What leads to drug addiction?

Sheer pressure of studies on students might be one of the few cases which results in substance
abuse among the youngsters. The educational system nowadays is very competitive and
lacks flexibility with lakhs of students appearing for few thousand seats. Again there is
always a parental burden which adds to the pressure of making it big academically.

Personal and family problems also leads to drug abuse among youngsters who fail to cope up
with the ever-growing family and personal problems. Workplace pressure and issues with the
colleagues results in workplace deviance which later results in detrimental effects on the
individual.

The adolescence situation is often the cause of such unproductive activities. The friend’s
circle in which a young individual stays also influences his/her activities. A boy/girl who has
a company of friends who are into drugs and alcohol tends to repeat the same; an attempt to
be an active member of the peer group which often results in addiction of the same leading to
many unproductive activities in future of the youngsters.

It might begin with experimenting. A friend or your loved one’s must have tried it once out of
curiosity because of friends or just to cope up with a problem. In the early stages, one might
really find it helpful to erase some problems or make one’s life better, which leads to more
and more consumption of drugs. But as addiction reaches a step further, it becomes more of a
need rather than just a problem solver. Even for simple petty issues which can be solved will
result in drug abuse because one is so used to it that without consumption of the same, one
just cannot think of anything.
 DRUG ABUSE IN DIFFERENT STATES OF INDIA
India has witnessed a five-time (455%) increase in drug hauls over three years, from
2011 to 2013.Officials have seized 105,173 tonnes of illegal drugs over this period, a
reminder of a growing Indian problem on the international day against drug abuse and
illicit trafficking. With nearly 18% of the world’s population in the 15-64 age group, The
prime market for prime illicit opiates originating in both South-East Asia and South-
West Asia, is India.
The latest available data, from 2004, estimates that 10.7 million Indians–more than the
population of Sweden–are drug users: 8.7 million consume cannabis and 2 million use
opiates
Mizoram, Punjab and Manipur are among the states where people are most vulnerable
to drug abuse. One could be their proximity to porous international borders and
international drug-trafficking zones, such as the “Golden Triangle” (Myanmar, Thailand
and Laos) and “Golden Crescent” (Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan).

90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0 2011 2012 2013 2014
Mizoram Punjab Manipur New Delhi Assam All India
Mizoram tops the list of states where drugs were seized: 48,209 tonnes over the past four
years, followed by Punjab with seizures of 39,064 tonnes. Some of the drugs seized include
amphetamine, cannabis plant, cocaine, ephedrine, ganja, hashish, heroin, ketamine, lysergic
acid diethylamide (LSD), acetic anhydride, and methylenedioxy-N-
Punjab accounted for almost half of all cases registered in India under the Narcotic Drugs and
Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS): 67% of rural households in Punjab have one drug or
alcohol addict, while 70% of young men are addicted to drugs or alcohol. In Manipur 45,000-
50,000 drug addicts of whom nearly half are injecting drug users.

MAHARASHTRA ACCOUNTS FOR 40% OF THE SUICIDES

BECAUSE OF DRUG ABUSE

In the six year period between 2010 and 2015, a total of 22917 people committed suicide
because of drug abuse/addiction.

Most suicides in Maharashtra

The number of suicides because of drug abuse/addiction has been more than 3000 in each of
the 6 years from 2010 to 2015. Close to 40% of these suicides in these five years were
committed in Maharashtra.

Most suicides in Maharashtra

The number of suicides because of drug abuse/addiction has been more than 3000 in each of
the 6 years from 2010 to 2015. Close to 40% of these suicides in these five years were
committed in Maharashtra.

The data provided by the National Crime Records Bureau showed that the states of
Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala are at the top of the table of drug
related suicides. According to the National Crime Records Bureau, there were 3,647 such
suicide cases in India in 2014 of which Maharashtra reported the highest. This
was followed by Tamil Nadu, with 552.
 The number of cases of suicide in Tamil Nadu and Kerala seem to be increasing in
number and has nearly doubled in the last 6 years.
 The number of cases of suicides in Madhya Pradesh seems to have steadily increased
between 2010 and 2013, but in 2014, the number of deaths seems to have reduced by over
50% only to increase again by over 80% in 2015.
 LACK OF AWARENESS AMONG A GROUP OF PEOPLE
The abuse of alcohol and illicit and prescription drugs continues to be a major health problem
internationally. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports that
approximately 5 per cent of the world's population used an illicit drug in 2010 and 27 million
people, or 0.6 per cent of the world’s adult population, can be classified as problem drug
users. It is estimated that alcohol abuse results in 2.5 million deaths per year and that heroin,
cocaine and other drugs are responsible for 0.1 to 0.2 million deaths per year. In addition to
causing death, substance abuse is also responsible for significant morbidity and the treatment
of drug addiction creates a tremendous burden on society. UNODC estimates that worldwide
costs related to treating drug abuse total $200-$250 billion, or 0.3-0.4 per cent of global GDP;
additionally, it is estimated that only 20 per cent of drug users received treatment for their
dependence in 20101.

Existing studies have found a high correlation between adolescent abuse and becoming a
problem drug user in adulthood2; therefore, it can be inferred that many problem drug users
start abusing drugs at an early age. Additionally, accidental and intentional fatalities that are
associated with drug and alcohol use represent one of the leading preventable causes of death
for the 15 to 24-year-old population. Alcohol and other drug use in the adolescent population
carries a high risk for school underachievement, delinquency, teenage pregnancy, and
depression.

Preventative science postulates that negative health outcomes, including those

resulting from substance abuse, can be prevented by reducing risk factors and
enhancing protective factors. The general framework used in this article is based
on research presented by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) and
emphasizes the strategy of targeting modifiable risk factors and enhancing
protective factors through family, school and community prevention
programmes.

Identify risk factors

Prevention of substance abuse among adolescents requires awareness of characteristics that
place youth at risk and targeting risk factors that are modifiable. Many studies have attempted
to identify risk factors associated with adolescent drug and alcohol usage.

In its 2010 report titled “Preventing Drug Use among Children and Adolescents”, NIDA lists
several factors that can enhance or mitigate adolescent risk for initiating or continuing to
abuse drugs. These factors include exposure to drugs, socio-economic status, and quality of
parenting, peer group influence and biological/inherent predisposition towards drug
addiction. A retrospective study by Dube et admeasured correlations between the number of
adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and future substance abuse behaviour. Adverse
childhood events included abuse (physical, emotional or sexual), neglect (physical or
emotional); growing up with household substance abuse, criminality of household members,
mental illness among household members, and parental discord and illicit drug use.
The study specifically compared the number of ACEs resulting in a greater likelihood of drug
use initiation fewer than 14 yr of age and also compared the number of ACEs associated with
increased risk of developing addiction. The study demonstrated that each additional ACE
increased the likelihood for drug use under 14 yrs. of age by two to fourfold and
raised the risk of later addiction by five times. People with five or more ACEs were seven to
ten times more likely to report illicit drug use than those with none.

Hawkins et al also reviewed many studies that attempted to identify risk factors for
adolescent drug abuse. They discussed specific risk factors occurring at the
societal/community level and at the individual level. Of the societal risk factors, the
following were identified: laws and norms favourable toward behaviour (including lower
minimum drinking ages) and availability. Interestingly, socio-economic status did not seem
to correlate with increased risk of drug abuse among adolescents; it was only in cases of
extreme poverty in conjunction with childhood behavioural problems where increased risk
was observed. The personal characteristics that positively correlated with drug and alcohol
abuse are numerous and include low harm avoidance, poor impulse control, and parents with
a history of alcoholism and drug abuse, high levels of family conflict, lack of and/or
inconsistent parental discipline, a history of academic failure and a history of antisocial and
aggressive behaviour.

Being aware of these risk factors can assist families, health professionals, schools and other
community workers with identifying at risk youth and aid in reducing or eliminating risk
factors through prevention and treatment programmes.
 CONCLUSION
The abuse of alcohol and drugs has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality among
adolescents worldwide. Many of these youth will lose their lives to drugs and alcohol and a
significant number are likely to grow up to become problem drug users. Although, the
substance abuse problem is complex and large in magnitude, there is a substantial amount of
evidence-based research available to physicians, community leaders and schools to
implement interventions that can decrease adolescent substance abuse rates. Because this
issue is not peculiar to any one community or culture, we recognize that individual
interventions may not be universally effective. Therefore, we emphasize the NIDA strategy
of targeting modifiable risk factors and enhancing protective factors through family, school
and community prevention programmes, as a generalized framework for healthcare and
community activists to use when researching programmes and strategies best suited for their
own community.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES AND SAFETY

1.) Schemes and steps by the government against drug abuse.

For the purpose of drug demand reduction, the Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
has been implementing the Scheme of Prevention of Alcoholism and Substance (Drug) Abuse
since 1985-86. The Scheme was revised thrice in 1994, 1999 and 2008, and at present
provides financial support to NGOs. Toughen penalties against all those making profits from
drug trade
Legislation should be passed enabling employers to be able to randomly test their staff for
drug use without difficulty. The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Bill, 1985 was
introduced in the Lok Sabha on 23 August 1985. It was passed by both the Houses of
Parliament and it was assented by the President on 16 September 1985.
The Prevention of Illicit Trafficking in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act is a
drug control law passed in 1966 to phamacognosy app & other relevant by the Parliament of
India.

2.) Call for Action

Anyone who contravenes the NDPS Act will face punishment based on the quantity of the
banned substance.
where the contravention involves small quantity(<1 kg), with rigorous imprisonment for a
term which may extend to 6 months, or with fine which may extend to ₹10,000 or with both;
where the contravention involves quantity lesser than commercial quantity but greater than
small quantity, with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to 10 years and with
fine which may extend to ₹1 lakh;
where the contravention involves commercial quantity, with rigorous imprisonment for a
term which shall not be less than 10 years but which may extend to 20 years and shall also be
liable to fine which shall not be less than ₹1 lakh but which may extend to ₹2 lakh.

3.) Rehab Centres, Counselling and Treatment.

‘Listen First' is an initiative to increase support for prevention of drug use that is based on
science and is thus an effective investment in the well-being of children and youth, their
families and their communities. The practice of Yoga and meditation are highly beneficial in
both preventing drug use or to some extent in rehabilitating people who are drug addicts.
Treatment options
 To acknowledge the drug addiction as a problem is first step towards treatment. The
next step is
 To get help. In most parts of the world there are several support groups and
professional services available.
Psychotherapy – In this type of therapy there may be face to face or family sessions with a
specialist. That may help in coping with cravings, avoiding the substance, and dealing with
possible relapses which are key to effective de addiction programs. If the patient’s family
gets involved, there is a better probability of positive outcomes. Self-help groups - These may
help the patient to meet other people with the same problem, which often boosts motivation.
Self-help groups can be a useful source of education and information too. Examples include
Alcoholics Anonymous and Narcotics Anonymous. For those dependent on nicotine, help
may be taken from the doctors to join the group.
 DEATH RATE DUE TO DRUGS ABUSE IN INDIA
June 26 is celebrated as International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking every
year. It is an exercise undertaken by the world community to sensitize the people in general
and the youth in particular, to the menace of drugs. The picture is grim if the world statistics
on the drugs scenario is taken into account. With a turnover of around $500 billion, it is the
third largest business in the world, next to petroleum and arms trade. About 190 million
people all over the world consume one drug or the other. Drug addiction causes immense
human distress and the illegal production and distribution of drugs have spawned crime and
violence worldwide. Today, there is no part of the world that is free from the curse of drug
trafficking and drug addiction. Millions of drug addicts, all over the world, are leading
miserable lives, between life and death.
India too is caught in this vicious circle of drug abuse, and the numbers of drug addicts are
increasing day by day. According to a UN report, One million heroin addicts are registered in
India, and unofficially there are as many as five million. What started off as casual use among
a minuscule population of high-income group youth in the metro has permeated to all
sections of society. Inhalation of heroin alone has given way to intravenous drug use, that too
in combination with other sedatives and painkillers. This has increased the intensity of the
effect, hastened the process of addiction and complicated the process of recovery. Cannabis,
heroin, and Indian-produced pharmaceutical drugs are the most frequently abused drugs in
India.
 DRUGS EFFECTS ON INDIA OTHER FACTORS

Effects of drug abuse

The most major impact of drug abuse is on the brain, which consequentially affects every
other aspect of life of the person addicted to drugs. Drugs are primarily chemicals that affect
the communication system of the human brain. They disturb the ways in which nerve cells
send, process and receive information. There are a couple of ways in which drugs achieve
this – they copy the natural chemical messengers of the human brain and they overstimulate
the brain’s reward circuit. Drugs such as heroin and marijuana are structured in the same way
as chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters.

Solution to drug abuse

Sustained treatment is the only option for people who have already gone down the road of
drug abuse and are highly into it. The treatment for a drug abuser normally depends on the
kind of drug that the person has been using. It is said that the best treatments normally
emphasize on phenomena related to the individual’s life. This includes areas such as medical,
psychological and work-related needs as well as issues in relationships with other people in
the person’s life. The treatment sessions combine medication and behavioural therapy so that
the victim of drug abuse gradually stops feeling the urge to do drugs. These treatment
programmes also impart the skills and capability required in order to say no to drugs in the
future, which is highly critical for a complete cure to drug abuse.
 PREVENTIONS MEASURES AND SAFETY

While it’s practically impossible to prevent anyone and everyone from using drugs,
there are things we can all do to avoid drug and/or alcohol abuse. By sharing this knowledge
with those closest to you, you yourself may be able to prevent them from doing drugs, too.
Here are the top five ways to help prevent drug abuse:

1. Effectively deal with peer pressure.The biggest reason teens start using drugs is because
their friends utilize peer pressure. No one likes to be left out, and teens (and yes, some adults,
too) find themselves doing things they normally wouldn’t do, just to fit in. In these cases, you
need to either find a better group of friends that won’t pressure you into doing harmful things,
or you need to find a good way to say no. Teens should prepare a good excuse or plan ahead
of time, to keep from giving into tempting situations.

2. Deal with life pressure. People today are overworked and overwhelmed, and often feel like
a good break or a reward is deserved. But in the end, drugs only make life more stressful —
and many of us all too often fail to recognize this in the moment. To prevent using drugs as a
reward, find other ways to handle stress and unwind. Take up exercising, read a good book,
volunteer with the needy, create something. Anything positive and relaxing helps take the
mind off using drugs to relieve stress

3. Seek help for mental illness. Mental illness and substance abuse often go hand-in-hand.
Those with a mental illness may turn to drugs as a way to ease the pain. Those suffering from
some form of mental illness, such as anxiety, depression or post-traumatic stress disorder
should seek the help of a trained professional for treatment before it leads to substance abuse.

4. Examine the risk factors. If you’re aware of the biological, environmental and physical risk
factors you possess, you’re more likely to overcome them. A history of substance abuse in
the family, living in a social setting that glorifies drug abuse and/or family life that models
drug abuse can be risk factors.

5. Keep a well-balanced life. People take up drugs when something in their life
is not working, or when they’re unhappy about their lives or where their lives are going. Look
at life’s big picture, and have priorities in order.

Risk Management Plan (RMP)

In order to ensure the safety of drugs, it is important to assess measures for appropriate
management of the risks of drugs at any time from the development phase to the regulatory
review and the post-marketing phase. The RMP is a document which is shown the consistent
risk management of drug from the development phase to the post-marketing phase. And the
RMP aims to be made evaluate the risk management at regular intervals or in response to the
progress of post-marketing surveillance and a set of pharmacovigilance activities to minimize
the risks of drugs. Sharing the published information among medical professionals is meant
to ensure further enhancements of post-marketing safety measures.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
www.drugs.com
Drug facts: understanding drugs and its effects
www.drugabuse.com