Electronics

Student workbook

2
Contents
Unit 1 Page 1
Unit 2 2
Unit 3 3
Unit 4 4
Unit 5 5
Unit 6 6
Unit 7 7
Unit 8 8
Unit 9 9
Unit 10 10
Unit 11 11
Unit 12 12
Unit 13 13
Unit 14 14
Unit 15 15
Unit 16 16
Unit 17 17
Unit 18 18
Answer Key 19

ii Electronics
1
1 Label the diagram of a zinc-carbon cell (1–4)
with these terms (a–d). 1
a current collector 2
b jacket 3
c positive electrode 4
d electrolyte

2 Each verb has a related noun ending in –r which refers to an instrument or component.
Complete the column of nouns.
Verb Noun
1 record
2 transmit
3 transform
4 charge
5 rectify
6 process
7 amplify
8 collect
9 detect
10 tune

3 Complete the text with the words listed below.

electrode rod occasional collector negative

Zinc-carbon cell
It has a zinc 1
electrode, a manganese dioxide positive 2
, and the electrolyte
is a solution of ammonium chloride. The carbon 3
is in contact with the positive electrode
(but is not involved in the chemical reaction) and is called the current . The EMF is 1.5. This
4

is the most popular cell for low-current or 5

use, e.g. in torches.

4 Match the circuit symbols with the functions (a–j).

a varies capacitance in a circuit
b rectifies alternating current
V
c adds resistance to a circuit
V
d measures very small circuits
e breaks a circuit
f protects a circuit
mA
g varies the current in a circuit
mA
h steps AC voltages up or down
i receives RF signals
j measures voltages

Electronics 1
2
1 Match each component or unit (1–8) with its function in a battery charger (a–h).
Component/ Unit Function in a battery charger
1 transformer a steps down the AC mains voltage
2 double-pole switch b prevents the output from changing when the load varies
3 neon lamp c keeps the diodes from overheating
4 fuse d shows when the charger is on
5 rectifier e removes the fluctuations in the DC output of the rectifier
6 aluminium heatsink f protects the transformer
7 smoothing circuit g converts an AC voltage to a DC voltage
8 stabilizing circuit h switches the charger on and off

2 Find the eight words relating to electronics. c e s t u i p o n a

The words read from left to right (→) e l e c t r o d e s
and top to bottom (↓). l o u u e a s s g h
l t x r i h i o a t
cell  electrode  negative  positive i a s r k c t a t u
voltage zinc-carbon charger current u o r e e t i w i x
e s a n i z v u v o
v o l t a g e q e i
o a c h a r g e r e
z i n c c a r b o n

3 Match the test and repair instruments (1–4) with their use (a–d).
1 Multimeter a This is used to measure a number of different electrical quantities such as
2 Logic probe voltage, current and resistance.
3 Oscilloscope b This is used to measure fast moving signals.
4 Function generator c This instrument is used for measuring voltage levels and pulses in digital
logic circuits.
d This instrument contains a triangular wave oscillator which can be
switched to produce triangular, square or sine waves over a range of
frequencies.

4 Label the diagram of a logic probe with the words and phrases listed below.

powered by circuit under test  probe  red LED  green LED

1
2 2 3 4
3
1
4
LOGIC PROBE HYT-07

2 Electronics
3
1 Label the diagram of a function generator with the words and phrases listed below.
2
function selector  3

BNC connector 
frequency adjust 
frequency range selector switches 

4
1
2
3 1

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

levels circuits coloured low pulse instrument

Logic probe
This 1
is used for measuring voltage 2
and pulses in digital logic .
3

When the probe is placed on the pin of a logic IC, small 4

LEDs light up to indicate if a
5
is detected or whether the pin is at a high or 6
logic level.

3 Complete the text with the words listed below.

signal  frequencies  equipment  contains  test switched

Function generator
This instrument 1
a triangular wave oscillator which can be 2
to produce
triangular, square or sine waves over a range of . It is used to
3 4
and adjust a
variety of electronic 5
such as audio amplifiers. The function generator provides a known
6
which can be injected into a circuit.

4 Label the diagram with the components listed below.

compressor condenser 
capillary tube  evaporator
1

1
2 2
3
4

3 4

Electronics 3
4
1 Link each pair of events to make one complex sentence. Use the clue in the brackets to help you.
Example: A relay is an electro-mechanical switch. It uses an electromagnet. (relative cause)
A relay is an electro-mechanical switch which uses an electromagnet.

1 An electrolytic capacitor is connected wrongly. The capacitor will be damaged. (condition)

2 You touch memory chips. Make sure you are earthed. (time)

3 D-type connectors come in a variety of sizes. D-type connectors are widely used for linking
devices to computers. (relative cause)

2 Match each engineering sector (1–9) with its related counterpart (a–i).
1 marine a air-conditioning
2 aeronautical b roads and bridges
3 heating and ventilating c body scanners
4 electricity generating d cables and switchgear
5 automobile e communications and equipment
6 civil f ships
7 electronic g planes
8 electrical installation h cars and trucks
9 medical i power stations

3 Match the verbs (1–4) with the definitions (a–d).

1 absorb a to change from a liquid to a gas or vapour
2 compress b to take in from the surrounding surface or space
3 condense c to press or squeeze into a smaller space
4 evapourate d to change from gas or vapour to liquid

4 Complete the sentences with the words listed below.

capacitor relay transformers oscillator induces diodes amplify

1 While the charges up, the current flows.

2 only allow current to flow one way.
3 A transistor can be used to a signal.
4 change the voltage in a power line.
5 If the is activated, its contacts close.
6 A moving magnetic field a current.
7 The generates a series of pulses.

4 Electronics
5
1 Link each pair of events to make one complex sentence. Use the clue in the brackets to help you.
Example: A relay is an electro-mechanical switch. It uses an electromagnet. (relative cause)
A relay is an electro-mechanical switch which uses an electromagnet.

1 A millammeter is a device. It measures very small currents. (relative cause)

2 A residual current device trips. An excess current passes through a circuit. (time)

3 Light strikes the solar cell. This generates a voltage. (relative cause)

2 Match the items (1–10) with the circuit symbol diagrams (a–j).
1 amplifier
A F
2 capacitor
3 diode
4 resistor B G
5 light-emitting diode
6 NAND logic gate
C H
7 relay
8 NPN transistor
9 switch (single-pole, single-throw) D I

10 potentiometer (pot)
E J

3 Study this circuit. Make a component list with the numbers, names, and values of each
component. Say what the circuit is used for.
SW1
Component Type Value/reference number +12V

R1 R1
FX22Y
R3
15k 10k

R2
R3 D1
IN4148
R5
270k
R4 UA741
–
R5 +

R6
R6 4.7k
Q1
R7 R2 R4 R7
BC107B

100k 10k 1k
D1
0V
Q1
SW1
operational amplifier UA741

Electronics 5
6
1 Match the phrasal verbs listed below with the definitions (1–6).
chase up  carry out  catch up  get on with  fall behind  hold up

1 lose time on a schedule

2 perform a task
3 cause a delay
4 contact somebody in order to remind them to do something
5 spend extra time doing something because you haven’t done it earlier
6 make progress

2 Link each pair of events to make one complex sentence. Use the clue in the brackets to help you.
Example: A relay is an electro-mechanical switch. It uses an electromagnet. (relative cause)
A relay is an electro-mechanical switch which uses an electromagnet.
1 The input signal to an inverter is 1. The output signal will be 0. (condition)

2 A signal is detected. It is amplified. (time)

3 A logic probe is a test instrument. It provides an easy way of checking simple logic circuits. (relative cause)

3 Complete the sentences about jobs in technology with the correct form of the verbs listed below.
do measure connect maintain repair cut make design manufacture turn

1 Maintenance Technicians are responsible for and equipment in a factory.

2 Estimators calculate the costs of and a product.
3 Research Engineers find new and better ways of things.
4 Fitters are responsible for new equipment to the network.
5 Design Engineers aim ideas into plans.
6 Control Engineers attempt and regulate all the variables in a system.
7 Production Engineers plan things in the most efficient way.
8 They look at ways of production costs.

4 Find eight words relating to electronics. e n i s p u o t d o

The words read from left to right (→) f r e q u e n c y s
and top to bottom (↓). s o e q l n i s k c
w i u t s z c e o i
capacitor  current  diode i y s o e w u h u l
frequency  oscillator  pulse t n e d l b r i t l
relay switch c r e l a y r s o a
h i d i o d e g e t
u o e s t x n n i o
c a p a c i t o r r

6 Electronics
7
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.
magnet switches coil flows circuits core

Relays
Relays are electromagnetic . They consist of an iron
1 2
with a copper
3
wound round it. When current 4
through the coil, the coil becomes a
5
and pulls a moveable contact arm towards it. This can make or break 6

just like a switch.

2 Make sentences by matching the information in columns A–C and then linking it together
using a relative clause with which or who.
Example: Silicon, which comes from sand, is an important component of some semiconductors.

A B C
Subject Additional information Important information
Silicon It is short for binary digit. He was one of three inventors of the transistor.
1 Digital He worked at Bell laboratories. They are remembered in the basic units of
electronics electricity.
2 Walter Brattain This means light-emitting They are used in watches and many electronic
diodes. displays.
3 A bit It is used in everything from They can provide a higher current than other
watches to computers. batteries.
4 Lithium They were pioneers in the It is an important component of some
batteries study of electricity. semiconductors.
5 LEDs It comes from sand. It is concerned with electrical systems made up
of a series of switches.
6 Ohm, Volta, and They are often used in It is a single unit of information.
Ampere cameras.

1
2
3
4
5
6

3 Complete the text with the words listed below.

electricity discharged power connected energy high

Capacitors
Capacitors store electrical . They can be charged and
1 2
very quickly.
They are particularly important in 3
frequency devices such as radios. Electrolytic capacitors
are usually larger. They can be 4
in one way only and are used to store 5
and to
smooth out pulsating signals, for example in 6
supplies.

Electronics 7
8
1 In electronics the verbs on the left commonly occur with one of the nouns on the right.
Match a verb (1–7) to a noun (a–g).
1 actuate a a capacitor
2 adjust b a circuit
3 boost c a control
4 complete d frequency
5 discharge e a relay
6 induce f a signal
7 change g a voltage

2 Complete each sentence using the correct form of a verb from question 1.
1 the control so the meter reads zero.
2 When the circuit is switched off, the capacitor keeps it operating until it .
3 The changing magnetic flux a voltage in the secondary of the transformer.
4 Changing the capacitor will the frequency of the oscillator.
5 Pressing the switch the circuit, allowing the current to flow.

3 Complete the text with the words listed below.

computers off NAND digital circuits

Logic gates
Logic gates are integrated 1
which provide the basic logic functions used in 2

and other devices which use 3

electronics. Signals in digital circuits are either on (1)
or 4
(0). Basic logic gates include AND, OR, , and NOR.
5

4 Complete the explanation of a circuit with the words listed below.

off thermistor collector activates temperature circuit 
on  switch  current  contacts value  rises

This is a thermostat to control the operation of a central-heating system. The 1

changes in
resistance with the 2
in the room. This alters the voltage in the base-emitter ,
3

turning the transistor 4

if the temperature falls below a pre-set 5
. This allows
a 6
to flow in the 7
-emitter circuit which 8
the relay, closing its
9
and switching on the system. If the temperature of the room 10
above the pre-
set value, the thermistor will 11
the transistor and the heating system 12
in the
same way.

8 Electronics
9
1 Label the diagram with the parts listed below.
4
connection pin  lid  integrated circuit 
wire  dual-in-line package 3

1
2
2
3
4
5
5
1

2 Complete the explanation of a circuit using the words listed below.

light transistor battery buzzer diode flow resistor conduct probes if

This is a device to detect moisture. The components are: junction , light-emitting

1

, 2.2k
2 3
, a buzzer, two probes, and a 9-Volt . No current flows in
4

the base-emitter circuit when there is air between the two 5

, so the transistor is turned off.
6
the probes are placed on a damp surface, the moisture will 7
a current.
A current will 8
to the base, turning the transistor on. Current then flows from the battery to
the 9
-emitting diode and the 10
, giving both visible and audible warning.

3 Label the diagram with the parts listed below.

1
cord selector switch  input terminal  8
probe  auto/ manual range  data hold
housing  digital display
7
1
2 6

3
5
4
5 4

6 2

7
8
3

Electronics 9
10
1 Find eight words relating to electronics. a r a s n i o a q z
The words read from left to right (→) c o n c b p r m a s
and top to bottom (↓). t s i z o e w p i o
u a r q o x p l z i
actuate adjust boost  a d j u s t h i s n
charge induce complete  t o s e t i a f r d
amplify detect e p n a c u o y n u
r d e t e c t i a c
o a q c c h a r g e
c o m p l e t e s r

2 Complete the text with who, which, when, or if.

Jack Kilby, 1
was born in 1923, worked for Texas Instruments in America. He discovered how
to make more than one transistor in a material, 2
was called germanium. He found he could
connect transistors without wires 3
he ‘grew’ them together at the same time. Robert Noyce,
4
was working for Fairchild Semiconductors at the same time, made a similar microchip
from silicon, 5
became the standard material for making microchips.
The first microprocessor chip, 6
had 2300 transistors, was small, but chips 7
are
made today can have more than 30 million.
People 8
make and test microchips have to work in dust-free rooms. Air contains impurities,
9
could damage the microchip, so microchips are made in a vacuum. 10
the
microchip works when it is tested, it can be soldered onto a circuit board.

3 Read the text in question 2 and answer the questions (1–5).

1 What is the name of the material that Jack Kilby used for his invention?
2 Robert Noyce developed a similar microchip from which material?
3 Which material became the standard for making microchips?
4 The rooms in which microchips are made are free from which impurity?
5 How is the microchip attached to a circuit board?

4 Join each of the two sentences into one complex sentence. Use the clue in the brackets to help you.
Example: Resistors are sometimes made of a length of nichrome wire. Resistors can be used to reduce
the current in a circuit. (relative clause)
Resistors, which are sometimes made of a length of nichrome wire, can be used to
reduce the current in a circuit.
1 Potentiometers are used in radios as volume controls and tone controls. Potentiometers are often
circular. (relative cause)

2 More current flows. The thermistor gets hotter. (time)

3 You touch memory chips. Make sure you are earthed. (time)

10 Electronics
11
1 Rearrange the words to make a sentences.
1 standard resistors fixed values have .

2 one only direction diodes current flow allow through to in .

3 contain  semiconductor  of  chips  tiny  transistors  materials  .

2 Join each of the two sentences into one complex sentence. Use the clue in the brackets to help you.
1 Special diodes called LEDs give out light. Current passes through LEDs. (condition)

2 LEDs are often used as indicator lamps. LEDs are small, reliable, and need only a small current.
(relative cause)

3 Light shines on a semiconductor. A semiconductor conducts electricity more easily. (time)

3 Join each of the two sentences into one complex sentence. Use the clue in the brackets to help you.
Example: A relay is an electro-mechanical switch. It uses an electromagnet. (relative cause)
A relay is an electro-mechanical switch which uses an electromagnet.
1 A lamp is marked 60 W. This means it is converting electricity to heat and light at the rate of
60 joules per second. (condition)

2 X-rays were discovered by Rontgen in 1895. X-rays can be used in industry to inspect metal
castings. (relative cause)

3 Radios and computers could be damaged. The power supply is connected the wrong way
round. (condition)

4 Rearrange the words to make sentences.

1 is measures small a very millammeter device a which currents .

2 generating light cell voltage strikes solar the a .

3 amplified  after  is  signal  a  detected  is  it  .

Electronics 11
12
1 Read the text and answer the questions.
Risk of injury
Injury can occur when live electrical parts are exposed and can be touched, or when metalwork, which
is meant to be earthed, becomes live at a dangerous voltage. The likelihood of touching live parts is
increased during electrical testing and fault-finding, when conductors at dangerous voltages are
often exposed. This risk can be minimized if testing is done while the equipment is isolated from any
dangerous source of supply, although this cannot always be done, and care must also be taken to prevent
contact with any hazardous internally produced voltages.

1 When can injury occur?

2 When is the likelihood of touching live parts increased?

3 How can the risk of injury be minimized?

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

conductor hazardous shocks reduced injury voltages

Electric 1
occur when contact with a live 2
causes sufficient current to pass
through the body to cause an injury. As a rough guide, 3
exceeding 50 V ac or 120 V ripple
free DC should be considered 4
in a dry, unconfined, non-conductive location. These voltage
values must be 5
if the location is wet, confined, or conductive. Where there is an adverse
environment, those in charge of the work and those doing the work should be aware of the probable
increase in 6
risk.

3 Read the text and answer the questions.

Industrial electricians install, inspect, and test wiring systems and components in all types of buildings
and machinery. They typically work in the construction, engineering, and manufacturing industries.
An industrial electrician would usually work in one of four areas:
• panel building – putting together control panels that operate a building’s lighting, heating, and
ventilation systems
• repair and rewind – fixing faults in machinery, for example replacing the motors in a lift system
• instrumentation – installing and maintaining manufacturing systems that measure the efficiency
of a production line
• maintenance – testing and servicing electromechanical equipment found in manufacturing and
construction.

1 Name three typical things an industrial electrician is required to do.

2 Which industries do industrial electricians typically work in?

3 What are the four areas in which an industrial electrician would typically work?

12 Electronics
13
1 Complete the text with the words listed below.
chip CPU discrete bits engineers powerful

A microprocessor, also known as a 1

or central processing unit, is a complete computation
engine that is manufactured on a single 2
. The first microprocessor was introduced in 1971.
The Intel 4004 was not very 3
; it could only add and subtract 4 4
at a time.
However, it was remarkable that everything was on a single chip. Prior to the 4004, 5
built
computers either from collections of chips or from 6
components (transistors wired one
at a time).

2 Match the words (1–11) with the words (a–k) to make word pairs.
1 integrated a sensor
2 circuit b cell
3 alternating c switch
4 primary d supply
5 zener e diode
6 remote f circuit
7 reed g current
8 surface h bias
9 vibration i control
10 reverse j diagram
11 mains k wave

3 Match the measurements of electricity (1–8) to the descriptions (a–h).

1 volt a electrical resistance between two points of a conductor carrying a current
2 ohm of 1 ampere when the difference in potential between them is 1 volt
3 candela b energy transfer of 1 joule during 1 second
4 coulomb c frequency of a periodic phenomenon whose period is 1 second
5 joule d constant current of 1 joule per second in a conductor
6 watt e amount of electricity carried in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere
7 hertz f amount of energy released by the force of 1 newton acting through a
8 ampere distance of 1 meter
g difference in potential between two points of a conductor carrying a
constant current of 1 ampere when the power between these points is 1 watt

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs generate, induce, or detect.
1 The magnetic field an electric current in the metal object.
2 A microphone may be used to sound.
3 The oscillator pulses at a fixed frequency of 32 768 Hz.
4 The magnetic field a voltage in the search coil.
5 Noise is also by the low-frequency mains supply.
6 Motion sensors may use microwave energy to movement within their range.

Electronics 13
14
1 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.
1 Electronics is the study and utilization of systems that function by guiding
electron flow in such as semiconductors.
a 
devices b pieces c servers d contraptions

2 Designing and building electronic circuits to solve problems is the

mandate of electronics engineering.
a 
parallel b practical c political d product

3 Electronic circuits are mainly used to control, process, and distribute information,
and for the and distribution of electric power.
a 
conversation b communication c conversion d collection

2 Complete the sentences with the to infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Last year he decided (leave) school and (do) an apprenticeship
in Electrical Engineering.
2 We must avoid (waste) valuable raw materials.
3 He’s responsible for (check) all the safety systems before the aircraft is allowed
to take off.
4 During the course, students will study ways of (find) faults in equipment.

3 Choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

1 This is broken so please call a to repair it.
mechanic/ mechanical/ mechanism
2 A is someone who has been trained in .
technical/ technology/ technician
3 After the installation, the building will have .
electricity/ electrical/ electrician
4 Study at university if you want to become an .
engine/ engineer/ engineering
5 He has a diploma in and now he repairs equipment.
electron/ electronics/ electronic

4 Complete the interview using the Present Simple or Present Continuous form of the
verbs in brackets.
I 1
(be) a student and I 2
(study) Electronic Engineering. Normally we
3
(attend) lectures and 4
(carry out) experiments in the laboratory.
But this week we 5
(do) real work with electronic engineers in various different companies.
I 6
(work) in a company called TeleNorth, which 7
(install) radio-based local
area networks. I 8
(help) an engineer, Fred Johnson, to assess where to put the transmitters.
Today we 9
(visit) a company that 10
(build) a new factory and wants to use
TeleNorth technology for its networks.

14 Electronics
15
1 Complete the sentences about a brother and a sister, Roberto and Renata,
using the Present Perfect or Past Simple form of the verbs in brackets.
1 Roberto (be) a computer technician for the last three years.
2 During this time, he (set up) five networks for large companies.
3 Before becoming a computer technician, he (be) a computer repair man in a shop
for four years.
4 During those four years, he (repair) hundreds of computers.
5 Since 2006, he (work) for Dynatron, the biggest company in the region.
6 Roberto and Renata both (become) interested in computers while they were at school.
7 In September 2006, Renata (begin) a university course in computer science.
8 Over the last three months, Renata (take) three exams.

2 Complete the sentences with if, unless, as soon as, before, or when. Use each word only once.
1 There’s a green light and a red light. You can operate the machine the green light is
illuminated.
2 This is the emergency warning bell. it sounds, everyone must leave the building.
3 We won’t be able to complete the project we get more funding.
4 The alarms must be activated. The last person to leave should check they’re all switched on
they lock the doors and leave the building.
5 the inventor can get permission to fly, he will put his M200G flying car on sale.

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets. Add prepositions
or articles where necessary.
1 The driver-condition-detection sensor shakes the driver’s seat, which
(prevent/ driver/ fall/ asleep).
2 The road-surface sensor detects the road is icy, which
(cause/ ice warning/ appear) on the instrument panel.
3 If the fuel sensor detects the fuel is contaminated, the supply to the engine is cut, which
(stop/ engine/ work).
4 The seatbelt sensor detects the driver has not fastened his/ her seatbelt,
(prevent/ car/ start).

4 Underline and correct the mistake in each of the sentences.

1 Could you sending me the latest catalogue, please?
2 I wonder if you could tell me can cardboard be used to make furniture.
3 I like to know if the glass has been toughened.
4 Would you mind to confirm the measurements by return?
5 I’d like you work in the machining department next week.
6 I wondering if you could find a replacement screen?

Electronics 15
16
1 Label the diagram with the parts listed below.
emitted light beams  terminal pins 
diode  transparent plastic case

1
1
2
3
2
4
4
3

2 Complete the text with the words listed below.

diodes protects blocks direction electronics

A device that 1
current in one direction while letting current flow in another 2

is called a diode. 3
can be used in a number of ways. A device that uses batteries often contains
a diode that 4
the device if you insert the batteries back to front . The diode simply blocks any
current from leaving the battery if it is reversed – this protects the sensitive 5
in the device.

3 Choose the correct word to answer the questions.

1 What do capacitors store?
a  protons b neutrons c electrons
2 What separates the two terminals inside a capacitor?
a  metal b water c  nonconductive material
3 What types of devices do Mylar capacitors usually power?
a  radio tuning circuits b  timing circuits c antennas
4 If you charge a capacitor using a 1.5-Volt battery, how much voltage will the capacitor gain?
a  0 Volts b  1.5 Volts c  3 Volts

4 Read the text and answer the questions.

Integrated circuits
There are two basic types of integrated circuit (IC) – monolithic and hybrid. Monolithic ICs include the
entire circuit on a single silicon chip. They can range in complexity from a few transistors to millions of
transistors on a computer microprocessor chip. A hybrid IC has a circuit with several chips enclosed in
a single package. The chips in a hybrid IC may be a combination of transistors, resistors, capacitors, and
monolithic IC chips. A printed circuit board, or PCB, holds an electronic circuit together.

1 What are the two basic types of integrated circuits?

2 Which type of IC includes the entire circuit on a single silicon chip?

3 The chips in a hybrid IC may be a combination of which components?

4 What is PCB an abbreviation for?

16 Electronics
17
1 Below is the Health and Safety policy of a small electronics firm. Put the words in order
to form a sentence.
1 operates a health and safety policy/ employees, trainees, contractors, and visitors/
Electronics Specialists/ aimed at protecting all

2 is safe/ and without risk/ the workplace/ to health

3 under control/ dust, fumes, and noise/ all/ are kept

4 meet the safety standards/ required/ all/ plant and machinery must

5 all/ are handled/ articles and substances/ and used safely/ stored

6 are given/ health and safety/ all staff/ sufficient information, training, and supervision/
to perform their job/ to enable them/ and ensure their

2 Match the expressions (1–5) with the definitions (a–e).

1 circuit breaker a a unit which increases or decreases voltage levels
2 force majeure b a sharp, temporary rise in current or voltage levels which can cause
3 power outage damage to electrical equipment
4 power surge c equipment which protects electrical apparatus from a sharp rise in
5 substation current levels by switching off electrical current automatically
d loss of electrical power to an area
e an unexpected loss or uncontrollable event; nobody is at fault or
responsible for subsequent damage

3 Complete the table with the correct word or expression.

Noun Verb Company/Person
1 generation generator
2 transmission
3 sales
4 to distribute
5 to regulate
6 supply

4 Complete the table.

Verb Noun
to adaptation
to approval
to assemble
to conceive
to design
to develop
to produce
to specification

Electronics 17
18
1 Complete the dialogue with will or would or the reduced forms
of ’ll and ’d where appropriate.
A What 1
you do when you finish your diploma?
B I 2
like to take a course in multimedia.
A How long 3
that take?
B If I choose the certificate, it 4
take 6 months but if I chose the master’s,
it 5
take a full year.
A What 6
be the advantage of the master’s?
B I guess I 7
have better job prospects.

2 Look at the table to find a metal for each of the properties listed below.
More than one answer is possible.
1 ductile
2 malleable
3 corrosion resistant
4 good conductor

Metals Properties Uses

Aluminium Light, soft, ductile, highly conductive, Aircraft, engine components,
corrosion-resistant. foil, cooking utensils
Copper Very malleable, tough and ductile, highly Electric wiring, PCBs, tubing
conductive, corrosion-resistant.
Brass (65% Copper, Very corrosion-resistant. Casts well, easily Valves, taps, castings, ship
35% Zinc) machined. Can be work hardened. Good conductor. fitting, electrical contacts
Mild Steel (Iron with High strength, ductile, tough, fairly malleable. General purpose
0.15% to 0.3% Carbon) Cannot be hardened and tempered. Low cost.
Poor corrosion resistance.

3 Match the beginnings of the words (1–8) with the endings (a–h) to form nouns.
1 compress- -ee
2 corro- -ian
3 equip- -ics
4 fric- -sion
5 logist- -ment
6 supervis- -or
7 technic- -or
8 train- -tion

4 What are the adjectives from these nouns? Complete the table.
Noun Adjective
1 width
2 height
3 length
4 depth
5 weight

18 Electronics
Answer Key
Unit 1 2 1 f  2 g  3 a  4 i  5 h  6 b  7 e  8 d  9 c
1 1 a  2 c  3 d  4 b 3 1 b  2 c  3 d  4 a
2 1 recorder 6 processor 4 1 capacitor 5 relay
2 transmitter 7 amplifier 2 Diodes 6 induces
3 transformer 8 collector 3 amplify 7 oscillator
4 charger 9 detector 4 Transformers
5 rectifier 10 tuner
3 1 negative Unit 5
2 electrode 1 1 A millammeter is a device which measures very
3 rod small currents.
4 collector 2 A residual current device trips when an excess
5 occasional current passes through a circuit.
3 Light strikes the solar cell, generating a voltage.
4 1 c  2 g  3 h  4 e  5 b  6 j
7 
a  8 f  9 d  10 i 2 1 e  2 d  3 g  4 c  5 j  6 i  7 h
8 b  9 f  10 a
Unit 2 3
1 1 a  2 h  3 d  4 f  5 g  6 c  7 e  8 b Value/reference
Component Type
number
2 c p n
R1 thermistor 15k/ FX22Y
e l e c t r o d e
R2 potentiometer 100k
l u s g
R3 fixed resistor 10k
l r i a
R4 fixed resistor 10k
r t t
R5 fixed resistor 270k
e i i
R6 fixed resistor 4.7k
n v v
R7 fixed resistor 1k
v o l t a g e e
D1 diode IN4148
c h a r g e r
Q1 npn transistor BC1078
z i n c c a r b o n
single-pole single-
SW1 _
throw switch
3 1 a  2 c  3 b  4 d operational amplifier UA741
4 1 probe
2 red LED Unit 6
3 green LED 1 1 fall behind 4 chase up
4 powered by circuit under test 2 carry out 5 catch up
3 hold up 6 get on with
Unit 3
1 1 function selector 2 1 If the input signal to an inverter is 1, the output
signal will be 0.
2 frequency range selector switches
2 After a signal is detected, it is amplified.
3 frequency adjust
3 A logic probe is a test instrument which provides
4 BNC connector
an easy way of checking simple logic circuits.
2 1 instrument 4 coloured
2 levels 5 pulse
3 1 repairing/ maintaining 5 to turn
2 designing/ making 6 to measure
3 circuits 6 low
3 doing 7 to manufacture
3 1 contains 4 test 4 connecting 8 cutting
2 switched 5 equipment
3 frequencies 6 signal 4 p o
4 1 compressor 3 capillary tube f r e q u e n c y s
2 condenser 4 evaporator s l c
w s c i
Unit 4 i e u l
1 1 If an electrolytic capacitor is connected wrongly, it t r l
will be damaged. c r e l a y r a
2 Before you touch memory chips, make sure you h d i o d e t
are earthed. n o
3 D-type connectors, which are widely used for c a p a c i t o r r
linking devices to computers, come in a variety
of sizes.

Electronics 19
Answer Key

Unit 7 Unit 10
1 1 switches 4 flows 1
2 core 5 magnet
a a
3 coil 6 circuits
c b m
2 1 Digital electronics, which is used in everything t o p
from watches to computers, is concerned with u o i l
electrical systems made up of a series of switches. a d j u s t n i
2 Walter Brattain, who worked at Bell Laboratories, t t d f
was one of the three inventors of the transistor. e u y
3 A bit, which is short for binary digit, is a single unit d e t e c t c
of information.
c h a r g e
4 Lithium batteries, which are often used in cameras,
c o m p l e t e
can provide a higher current than ordinary batteries.
5 LEDs, which means light-emitting diodes, are 2 1 who 6 which
used in watches and many electronic displays. 2 which 7 which
6 Ohm, Volta and Ampere, who were pioneers in the 3 when/ if 8 who
study of electricity, are remembered in the basic 4 who 9 which
units of electricity. 5 which 10 If
3 1 energy 4 connected 3 1 germanium 4 dust
2 discharged 5 electricity 2 silicon 5 by soldering
3 high 6 power 3 silicon
Unit 8 4 1 Potentiometers, which are used in radios as volume
controls and tone controls, are often circular.
1 1 e  2 c  3 f  4 b  5 a  6 g  7 d 2 When/ As more current flows, the thermistor
2 1 Adjust 4 change gets hotter.
2 discharges 5 completes 3 Before / When you touch memory chips, make
3 induces sure you are earthed.
3 1 circuits 4 off
2 computers 5 NAND Unit 11
3 digital 1 1 Fixed resistors have standard values.
2 Diodes allow current to flow through in one
4 1 thermistor 7 collector
direction only / only in one direction.
2 temperature 8 activates
3 Transistors contain tiny chips of semiconductor
3 circuit 9 contacts
materials.
4 on 10 rises
5 value 11 switch 2 1 Special diodes called LEDs give out light if current
6 current 12 off passes through them.
2 LEDs, which are often used as indicator lamps, are
Unit 9 small, reliable, and need only a small current.
1 1 lid 4 wire 3 When light shines on a semiconductor, it
2 connection pin 5 integrated circuit conducts electricity more easily.
3 dual-in-line package 3 1 If a lamp is marked 60 W, it means it is converting
2 1 transistor 6 If electricity to heat and light at the rate of 60 joules
2 diode 7 conduct per second.
3 resistor 8 flow 2 X-rays, which were discovered by Rontgen in 1895,
4 battery 9 light can be used in industry to inspect metal castings.
5 probes 10 buzzer 3 Radios and computers could be damaged if the
power supply is connected the wrong way round.
3 1 probe 5 auto/ manual range
4 1 A millammeter is a device which measures very
2 cord 6 data hold
small currents.
3 input terminal 7 digital display
2 Light strikes the solar cell, generating a voltage.
4 selector switch 8 housing
3 After a signal is detected it is amplified.

Unit 12
1 1 Injury can occur when live electrical parts are
exposed and can be touched or when metalwork
becomes live at a dangerous voltage.
2 The likelihood of touching live parts is increased
during electrical testing and fault-finding.
3 Risk of injury can be minimized by isolating
equipment from any dangerous source of supply.

20 Electronics
 Answer Key

2 1 shocks 4 hazardous Unit 16

2 conductor 5 reduced 1 1 emmited light beams 3 transparent plastic case
3 voltages 6 injury 2 diode 4 terminal pins
3 1 install, inspect, and test wiring systems 2 1 blocks 4 protects
2 construction, engineering, and 2 direction 5 electronics
manufacturing industries 3 Diodes
3 panel building, repair and rewind,
instrumentation, and maintenance
3 1 c  2 c  3 b  4 b  5 b
4 1 monolithic and hybrid
Unit 13 2 monolithic
1 1 CPU 4 bits 3 transistors, resistors, capacitors, and
2 chip 5 engineers monolithic IC chips
3 powerful 6 discrete 4 printed circuit board
2 1 f  2 j  3 g  4 b  5 e  6 i  7 c 
8 k  9 a  10 h  11 d Unit 17
3 1 g  2 a  3 h  4 e  5 f  6 b  7 c  8 d 1 1 Electronics Specialists operates a health and
safety policy aimed at protecting all
4 1 induces 4 induces employees, trainees, contractors and visitors.
2 detect 5 induced 2 The workplace is safe and without risk to health.
3 generates 6 detect 3 All dust, fumes, and noise are kept under control.
4 All plant and machinery must meet the safety
Unit 14 standards required.
1 1 a  2 b  3 c 5 All articles and substances are handled, stored,
2 1 to leave; do 3 checking and used safely.
2 wasting 4 finding 6 All staff are given sufficient information, training,
3 1 mechanism; mechanic and supervision to enable them to perform their
2 technician; technology given job and ensure their health and safety.
3 electrical; electricity 2 1 c  2 e  3 d  4 b  5 a
4 engineering; engineer
5 electronics; electronic
3
Noun Verb Company/Person
4 1 am 6 am working
1 generation to generate generator
2 study/ am studying 7 installs
2 transmission to transmit transmission operator
3 attend 8 am helping
3 sales to sell seller
4 carry out 9 are visiting
4 distribution to distribute distributor
5 are doing 10 is building
5 regulation to regulate regulator
Unit 15 6 supply to supply supplier
1 1 has been 5 has worked 4
2 has set up 6 became Noun Verb
3 was 7 began to adapt adaptation
4 repaired 8 has taken to approve approval
to assemble assembly
2 1 when / if 4 before
to conceive concept
2 As soon as 5 If/ unless
to design design
3 unless
to develop development
3 1 prevents the driver (from) falling asleep to produce production
2 causes an ice warning to appear
to specify specification
3 stops the engine (from) working
4 preventing the car (from) starting Unit 18
4 1 sending; send 1 1 will 5 would
2 can cardboard; if cardboard can 2 ‘d 6 would
3 I; I’d 3 will 7 ‘d
4 to confirm; confirming 4 will
5 you work; you to work
2 1 aluminium, copper, mild steel
6 I wondering; I wonder
2 copper, mild steel
3 aluminium, copper, brass
4 brass, aluminium, copper
3 1 f  2 d  3 e  4 h  5 c  6 g  7 b  8 a
4 1 wide 4 deep
2 high 5 heavy
3 long

Electronics 21
 acknowledgements
The publisher would like to thank the following for their kind permission to reproduce
photographs and other copyright material.
Illustrations by: Oxford Designers and Illustrators pp1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 16.
Photographs: Pierre d’Alancaisez p5.
Cover image by: OUP (Circuit board/Photodisc)

3 A001184

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