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The Reproductive System

The document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key organs involved in both systems, their functions, the processes of sperm production and egg maturation, fertilization and pregnancy. For the male, it outlines the testes, penis, sperm development and ejaculation. For the female, it details the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, menstrual cycle, and childbirth. It also lists some common disorders that can affect each system.

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Pak Lyp
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179 views5 pages

The Reproductive System

The document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key organs involved in both systems, their functions, the processes of sperm production and egg maturation, fertilization and pregnancy. For the male, it outlines the testes, penis, sperm development and ejaculation. For the female, it details the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, menstrual cycle, and childbirth. It also lists some common disorders that can affect each system.

Uploaded by

Pak Lyp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

 Gonads- actual organ that produce gametes (mature haploid male or female germ
cell)
 Reproduction:
A. Methods:
1. Sexual
2. Asexual
B. Function:
1. Produce hormones
2. Produce sperm and egg cell
3. Transport and sustain these cell
4. Ensure survival of species
5. Nurture developing offspring

MALE REPRODUTIVE SYSTEM

 Located around the pelvic region

A. Parts
1. Testes- make testosterone, generate sperm
2. Epididymis- transport and store sperm, tube, bring sperm to maturity
3. Scrotum- sac of skin, contains the testes, climate control (cool down)
4. Penis- external reproductive organ, for se
A. Parts
A. Root- attaches to the abdomen
B. Body/ shaft
C. Glans penis- end
5. Vas deferens- thin tube, travels from epididymis to pelvic cavity, transport
mature sperm to the urethra
6. Urethra- transport semen and urine
7. Bulbourethral glands- “Cowpers” glands, below prostate glands, produce clear
slippery fluid (lubricate urethra and neutralize any acidity present due to urine)
8. Prostate gland- in front of rectum, produce fluid (nourish sperm)
 Puberty- child to adult, physical changes
 Secondary male characteristics
- Facial hair, deepening of voice, a prominent Adam’s apple, broadening of
shoulders, body hair
 Hormones that affect male reproductive processes
1. GnRH- Hypothalamus; secrete gonadotropins
2. LH- pituitary; secrete testosterone
3. FSH- pituitary; secrete sperm
4. Testosterone- testes’ development of primary and secondary characteristics
5. Inhbin- testes’ production of FSH

SPERM CELL

 Greek sperma (seed)


 Male reproductive cell
 Haploid cell
 Parts
1. Head- contains nucleus, contains genetic material from the 23 chromosomes
2. Neck- contain mitochondria (supply the energy)
3. Tail- movement. 3 mm per min.
 Made in the testes
 72 days to produce a sperm cell
 Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes
 Nocturnal emission- “wet dream”
 Masturbation- sexual stimulation
 Ejaculation- ejecting of semen (Anejaculation- condition of unable to ejaculate)
 Orgasm- sexual climax
 Semen- seminal fluid, contains spermatozoa
 Circumcision- removal of some foreskin (prepuce) from the penis; Latin circum
(around) caedere (to cut)
DISORDER
1. Testiscular trauma- mild injury
2. Varicocele- swollen vein in testicles
3. Testicular cancer- divide abnormally and form tumor
4. Epididymitis- inflammation of epididymis
5. Phimosis- tightness of foreskin
6. Hydrocele- fluid collection in the membrane of the testes
7. Micropenis- penis is below average size

FEMALE REPRODUCTIIVE SYSTEM


A. Two main parts:
1. Vagina
2. Uterus

Parts:
1. Ovaries- “eggs” are produced, w/n the ovary, a follicle consist of one precursor
egg cell
 Ovulation- release of mature egg
 One egg per cycle matured due to FSH. Due to LH ovulation occurs and
stimulates the follicle cells to turn into corpus luteum which secretes
progesterone
2. Fallopian tube- pair of tube, uterus to paired female ovaries, “oviducts”
 Fertilization of ovum
 Ectopic pregnancy- embryo attaches outside the uterus
 Tubal ligation- cause infertility in women
3. Uterus- muscular womb, shape of flattened pear, lies in the urinary bladder
4. Endometrium- thinner membrane of mammalian uterus, lining for uterus,
increases during pregnancy.
 Placenta forms which supply oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
5. Cervix- bottom end of the uterus, secretes mucus
6. Vagina- genital canal, forms the birth canal w/ the uterus,
 Virgin- partially closed by thin fold of tissue (hymen)
7. Labia minora
8. Labia majora
9. Urethra- junction of the vagina and the vestibule
10. Clitoris- equivalent to penis. Most sensitive
11. Mons pubis- “mons”, flesh covered by pubic hair

 Secondary Characteristics
1. Breast development
2. Body and facial hair
3. Pubic hair
4. Menstruation and fertility
5. Body odor
6. Body shape
 Ovulation- release of an ovum (from one ovary- fallopian tube- uterus)
 Menstruation- shedding of endometrium w/ blood loss, (menarche- first
time)

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

 Cycle last from 28 to 35 days


 Interrupted by pregnancy

 Copulation- sex

 Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tube

 Pregnancy (Latin graviditas) – carrying embryo in the uterus, obstetrics (surgical field),
midwifery (non-surgical)

COMPLICATION

1. Infertility treatment- increase probability of pregnancy


2. Premature birth
3. Birth defect
4. Stillbirth- birth of dead
5. Birth trauma- baby experiences extreme pain during pregnancy
6. VBAC- vaginal birth before a caesarian birth
7. Miscarriage- abortion
DISORDER
1. Cervical cancer
2. Vulvodynia- burning of the vulva
3. Vaginismus- contraction of the vagina
4. Vestibulitis- severe pain on touch
5. Dyspareunia- pain during sex
6. STD (Sexually transmitted disease) or veneral disease
a. Syphilis-
b. Gonorrhea
c. Aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
d. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
e. Genital herpes

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