LESSON PLAN ON PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

GRADE 11- GAS, ACP & CARPENTRY

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lessons, the students are expected to obtain the following
competencies:
1. illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics;
2. constructs a normal curve;
3. identifies region under the normal curve corresponding to different standard
normal values;
4. converts a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice versa.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
Senior High School Stat Module
TV set, Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Chalk and Teaching Aids

III. PROCEDURE
a. Review/Drill
Ask the students to examine the figure below and ask them to write their
observations on a sheet of a paper.

b. Lesson Proper
Teacher’s Input
***Ask the students to give their individual observation first before discussing
any point of information about the normal distribution.

A graphical representation of a normal distribution is sometimes called a bell

curve because of its widened or flared shape. The precise shape can vary
according to the distribution of the population but the peak is always in the
middle and the curve is always symmetrical. In a normal distribution, the mean,
median and mode are equal.

Normal Distribution
A normal distribution is a very important statistical data distribution pattern
occurring in many natural phenomena, such as height, blood pressure, lengths
of objects produced by machines, etc. Certain data, when graphed as a histogram
 (data on the horizontal axis, amount of data on the vertical axis), creates a bell-
shaped curve known as a normal curve, or normal distribution

Characteristics of a Normal Distribution

1. The normal curve is bell-shaped and has a single peak at the exact center of the
distribution.
2. The sum of the area under the normal curve is 1 (∑ P(𝑥) = 1).
3. The mean, median, and mode of the distribution are equal and located at the
peak.
4. Half the area under the curve is above and half is below this center point
(peak).
5. The normal probability distribution is symmetrical about its mean.
6. It is asymptotic - the curve gets closer and closer to the x-axis but never actually
touches it.

NOTE!

 You can also have normal distributions with the same means but different
standard deviations.
 You can also have normal distributions with the same standard deviation but
with different means.
 You can also have normal distributions with different means and different
standard deviations.

The Standard Normal Probability Distribution

A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 is called the
standard normal distribution.

The Z-value is computed as

𝑋−𝜇
𝑧=
𝜎
Where:
X - the distance between a selected value,
µ - the population mean
σ - population standard deviation
Example:
The monthly incomes of teachers in a public school are normally distributed with a
mean of P20,000 and a standard deviation of P2000. What is the z value for an income
X of (a) P22,000? (b) P17,500?
Solution (a):
For X = P22,000 with µ = P20,000 and σ = P500, solving for Z, we have
𝑋− 𝜇 22,000 − 20,000
𝑧= = = 1
𝜎 2000
 A z value of 1 indicates that the income of P22,000 is 1 standard deviation above the
mean income of P20,000.
Solution (b):
For X = P17,500 with µ = P20,000 and σ = P500, solving for z, we have
𝑋− 𝜇 17,500 − 20,000
𝑧= = = −1.25
𝜎 2000

A z value of –1.25 indicates that the income of P22,000 is 1.25 standard deviation
below the mean income of P20,000.
Areas Under the Normal Curve

As an Empirical Rule, we should remember the following:

1. About 68 percent of the area under the normal curve is within plus one and
minus one standard deviation of the mean, written as  ± 1.
2. About 95 percent of the area under the normal curve is within plus and minus
two standard deviations of the mean, written  ± 2.
3. Practically all (about 99.7 percent) of the area under the normal curve is within
three standard deviations of the mean, written  ± 3.

Example
The daily water usage per person in Davao City is normally distributed with a mean
of 20 gallons and a standard deviation of 5 gallons. About 68% of the daily water
usage per person in Davao City lies between what two values?

Solution:
According to the Empirical Rule, about 68% of the population will be within plus
one and minus one standard deviation of the mean. Hence, about 68% of the daily
usage per person will lie between
 ± 1 = 20 ± 1(5),
which is between 15 gallons to 25 gallons of daily water usage per person.

Similarly, for 95% and 99.7%, the intervals will be 10 gallons to 30 gallons and 5
gallons to 35 gallons, respectively.

IV. EVALUATION
Attached to this Lesson Plan is the Activity sheet to be used for additional
example and evaluation of students’ understanding on the lesson discussed.
 V. ASSIGNMENT
Study in advance the next lesson/topic which is Discrete Probability
Distribution and prepare for a board work activity next meeting.

Prepared by:

ABDURAHMAN N. LIMPAO
SHS Teacher II

Reviewed and corrected by:

EMMALINDA B. RANALAN, MA
School Principal I
 ACTIVITY SHEET
PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS;
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Name: __________________________________ Section: _________________ Score: ___________

Solve for the problems below given the following situations.

1. Find the following probabilities under the Normal curve:

a. P(z>2.05) c. P(z>2.5)
b. P(-1.25<z<-0.54) d. P(z>3.6)

2. Suppose the life span of the common fruit fly is normally distributed with average 18.3
days and standard deviation 6.3 days.
a. How likely is it that a randomly selected fruit fly will live 21 days or longer?
b. If a fruit fly outlived 99% of all other flies, how long did it live?
c. How many flies live between 7 and 14 days (inclusive)?

3. Suppose a class of 150 students wrote an exam. The exam grades were normally
distributed with a mean grade of 67% and a standard deviation of 8.5%.
a. You attained a grade equivalent to a z-score of z=0.7. What grade did you receive?
b. Compute the minimum grade required to be in the class’ 84th percentile.

4. The number of hours that full-time employees work per week at a large corporation has
a mean of 52.1 hours per week and a standard deviation of 3.1 hours per week. Assume
the data is normally distributed.
a. What fraction of employees work between 45.9 hours and 58.3 hours?
b. What percentage of employees work longer than 60 hours?
c. Due to drastic budget cuts, the entire first quartile of this data set (i.e. the bottom
25% of employees in terms of working hours) is to be eliminated. What is the
minimal number of hours you need to be working each week in order to not lose
your job?

5. The average price of a new PC is $949. If computer prices are normally distributed with
standard deviation $100, what proportion of computers cost over $1200? What is the
interquartile range of this data set?

6. Exam scores are normally distributed. If a student with a 75% is in the 86th percentile,
and a student with a 55% is in the 14th percentile, find the mean and standard deviation
of exam scores.

7. Exam score are normally distributed with mean 72% and standard deviation 12%. Sort
the following grades from highest to lowest:
i. A score of 80%
ii. The 80th percentile
iii. A z-score of z=0.8
 iv. The mode

8. A researcher takes weight samples of a mice population, and finds that the mice weights
are normally distributed with average 145 grams and standard deviation 21 grams.
However, the researcher then realizes that his/her scale was not adjusted correctly, and
added 12 grams to every object weighed (e.g. an object weighing 100 grams would
display as 112 grams). Describe the real weight distribution of the mice? Is it still
normal? What is its mean and standard deviation now?

9. A website owner finds that 32% of visitors use Internet Explorer. What is the
probability that less than 550 out of his last 800 visitors used Internet Explorer?

10. Roughly 1 in 12 males have some form of color blindness.

a. What is the probability that among a group of one hundred males between 10 and
20 have a form of color blindness?
b. What is the probability that among a group of one thousand males more than 100
have some form of color blindness?

Prepared by:

ABDURAHMAN N. LIMPAO
Teacher II