Best Practices in Urban Transport

Report
Prepared by Institute of Urban September, 2013
Transport (India)
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Acknowledgements

This study has been undertaken by a team led by Ms Kanika Kalra, (Urban Transport Expert, IUT)
with support from Ms Anindita Ghosh (Transport Planner, IUT) and Mr Daniel Kriske (Intern-April-
July 2013, IUT). The team is thankful to Mr BI Singh (Director General, IUT) for his constant guidance
and support and very important source of inspiration and mentor for the conduct of this study.

The team would like to thank all the stakeholders for their constant assistance in providing
information about the projects, data on urban transport, as well as granting in-person interviews.

In addition, this study draws reference from various documents like Comprehensive Mobility Plans,
toolkits prepared by The World Bank, UNDP, SUTP and Asian Development Bank. IUT offers its
sincere gratitude for allowing such integral material to form one of the core bases of this study.

i
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Table of Contents

1. Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...i
2. Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................1
3. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. ……….. 7
4. Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...7
5. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....8
6. Organization of Report……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..9
7. Part I- Case Studies- Public Transport without Private Sector Involvement
• Innovative Sustainable Public Transport- BMTC Model……………………….………………………………12
• Mumbai Suburban Rail…………………………………………………………………………………………………….….16
• Delhi MRTS...............................................................................................................................20
• Sustainable Public Transport for small and medium size cities, Karnataka……………………….….23
8. Part I- Case Studies- Private Sector Involvement In Bus Operations
• Janmarg BRTS, Ahmedabad…………………………………………………………………………………………….….27
• Corporatization of Private stage carriage Buses in Delhi……………………..………………………………31
• Operation of Modern low floor buses on PPP, Bhopal City……………………………..…………………..34
• Vadodara city bus services………………………………………………………………………………………………….37
• G- Auto, Rajkot…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...39
• Traffic Transit Management Centres, Bangalore………………………………………………..…………...….41
9. Part I- Case Studies-Non- Motorised Transport
• Fazilka Ecocabs-Dial A rickshaw service……………………………………………………………………………….44
• Green bike, Delhi…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….47
• Dipbahan Rickshaw bank Project………………………………………………………………………………….…….50
• NMT Implementation in Visakhapatnam city………………………………………………………………….…..52
• Improvement of movement network ,Nanded- JnNURM Project………………………..……….….….54
• ATCAG Bike share, Bangalore………………………………………………………………………………………….…..56
10. Part I- Case Studies- Traffic Engineering & Demand management
• Mumbai Area Traffic Control System…………………………………………………………………………………..59
• Station Area Traffic Improvement, Pune City………………………………………………………………………61
• Electronic Ticketing Machine in KSRTC, Mysore…………………………………………………………………..63
• Automated Electronic Driving Test, Bangalore…………………………………………………………………….65
• CGRAPS, Pune…………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………...67
ii
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

• Intelligent Public Transport System integrated with PIS, Delhi…………………………………………….70

• Bangalore Traffic Improvement Project………………………………..…………………………………………….72
• Intelligent Transport System, Mysore city……………………………………………………………………………75
11. Part I-Review Results of 4 categories.................................……………………….. ………………………78
12. Summary..............................................................................................................................82
13. Part II-Project Cycle Stages
• Project Planning stages-Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..85
• Steps for Planning for Public Transport Projects – Bus and Rail………………………………………….89
• Steps for Planning for NMT Projects……………………………………………………………………………………90
• Steps for Planning for Traffic engineering and Demand Management Projects………………...91
• Steps for project implementation and Impact assessment stages……………………………………....92
14. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..93
15. Annexure 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…94
16. Annexure 2 A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………96
17. Annexure 2 B…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….97
18. Annexure 3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….99
19. Annexure 4……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….…………100
20. Annexure 5……………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….…………101

List of Figures

Figure 1 Project Cycle stages………………………………………………………………………………………...87

Figure 2 – Project Planning Stages…………………………………………………………………………………..88

Figure2A- Public Transport Planning Stage……………………………………………..………………….…..89

Figure 1B NMT Planning Stage………………………………..……………………………………………………...90

Figure-2 C Traffic management Planning Stage……………………………………………………………....91

Figure 3 Project Implementation and Impact Assessment stage.…………………………………....92

iii
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Executive Summary
Several cities are active in improving urban mobility in their cities and have implemented projects
with benefits. To encourage such ‘good practices’ Ministry of Urban Development, Government of
India, award selected ‘Best Practiced Projects’ every year.

Between 2008-2011, 164 entries have been received, out of which 34 projects have been awarded
as best practice (23) and emerging good projects (11).This report is based on a review of these
projects.

The objective of the study was to:

• To assess the current status of the UMI awarded projects from 2008-2011.
• To assess any other projects (Non awarded) that have shown growing benefits and scope for
replication by other cities.
• To describe process for replication of successful projects along with relevant references.

Letters and brief questionnaires were sent to the civic bodies responsible for the projects, enquiring
about the present status. 4 projects were inactive and no information was received from 7 projects.
Therefore in total 23 Awarded projects were analysed in detail through site visits and
correspondence(Table 1).At a later stage 7 other urban transport projects, showing growing benefits
in scope, but have not received recognition or awards were assessed. The 12 categories under which
awards were given by the Ministry were categorized into 4 broad groups i.e, public transport
without private participation(Rail/STUs), private sector involvement in bus operations, non-
motorized transport (Infrastructure/public bike sharing),Traffic engineering and demand
management including ITS and compiled into brief case studies.

Table 1-Summary of projects reviewed

Total
Awarded Projects Projects Non
Entries awarded as awarded
reviewed by IUT not Awarde
projects
Awarded Entries reviewed d
years received Through for lack of projects
Best Emerg-
Site Corres- response/ reviewe
Practice ing
Visit pondenc inactive* d
Projects projects
e
UMI 2008 43 6 4 2 8 1+3
UMI 2009 44 7 1 5 3 2
34 7
UMI 2010 26 4 2 4 2 2+1
UMI 2011 51 6 4 5 5 2
Total 164 23 11 16 18 7+4 7
Total
reviewed 23 7
projects
* Inactive Projects

1
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

A few general trends emerged from the case studies. Public transport projectswithout private sector
involvement (Table 2.) like Delhi Metro, BMTC, and Mumbai Suburban rail, showed growth in terms
of network/services/routes , investments, use of new technologies like ITS and good management
and HR policies.

In the category of bus operation with involvement of private sector (Table 3), Ahmedabad Janmarg
shows growth in terms of ridership and revenue due to addition of new corridors when compared to
Delhi and Bhopal projects. However all 4 projects - Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Vadodara and Delhi show
growth in terms of increase in revenue due to innovative financing mechanism, continuous growth
in fleet and use of modern ITS Technology.

Table 2.Public Transport without Private Sector Involvement

Performance Name of Projects

Indicators

BMTC Bangalore, Sub urban Railway

Delhi MRTS, Delhi
Karnataka Mumbai, Maharashtra
128%
Increase Ridership 19% 11%

Increase revenue 53% 204.63% 47.42%

591(out of which 110

Reduction in
91% could have been N.Q.*
accidents
fatal)*
Reduction of 3 hrs Increased speed from 80
Reduced travel N.Q.
journey to 8o mins kmph to 100 kmph
time/Increase speed
Increase in 11% additional
14% additional lines 34% additional services
routes/lines/services routes
N.Q.-Not quantified
N.Q* - Not quantified as MRVC not involved with operations.
*As on date

Non Motorized Transport Projects (Table 4) with innovative, revolutionary ideas like Fazilka EcoCabs,
Dipbahan Rickshaw Bank, Green Bike, Delhi Project are excellent examples that balance both social
and environmental sustainability. Also the Fazilka Ecocabs and Green Bike of Delhi help to provide
the last mile connectivity to the commuters. Thus all three projects are said to be a success in its
own way.

2
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Table 3: Private Sector Involvement in Bus Operations

Performance
Name of Projects
indicators
Corporatisation Operation of
Janmarg BRTS City bus services
of Private Stage Modern Low Floor
Ahmadabad, Vadodara,
Carriage Buses in Buses on PPP
Gujarat Gujarat
Delhi Bhopal, MP
Increased
564% 41% 79% 133%
Ridership
Earning /cluster
Earnings per
Rs 40 /km * bus is 20% higher 21% N.Q.
km
than DTC
Revenue increased
by 1 crore per year
Increase 42%
109% 41.6% of Vadodara
Revenue
Mahanagar Seva
Sadan (VMSS)
Average of 3-4
Reduction in Zero fatal
minor accidents 48% 9-11%
accidents accidents
*
Growth of 82 buses to 118 100 buses to 581 105 buses to 130 25 CNG buses to
bus fleet buses buses buses 120 CNG buses
N.Q. Not Quantified.*As on date

Table 4. Non Motorized Transport

Performance
Name of Projects
Indicators

Dipbahan Rickshaw bank

Fazilka, Punjab Green bike ,Delhi
project , Assam,

5 cycle stations to 9 390 rickshaw pullers to

Growth in operation 400 cabs*
cycle stations 5000 in Assam
Increase Ridership N.Q 80% N.A.
Reduction in
Zero accidents 99% N.A.
accidents
6 litres of petrol/day
Environmental 1500 litres of fuel
saving by two N.A.
benefits saving/day
wheelers
Provides
Membership increased
direct/indirect Provides healthy
Social Benefits from 10,000 rickshaw
employment of 550 lifestyle to people
pullers to 30,000
rickshaw pullers
N.Q- Not quantified. N.A– Not Applicable.*As on date

3
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

In the traffic engineering and demand management category (Table 5), it can be seen that projects
like BTRAC- Bangalore, Mumbai ATC, Electronic Ticketing machine and electronic driving test by
KSRTC have implemented state-of-the-art technology for the first time in the country. These indicate
a way forward for introduction of intelligent transport system in the 21st century, for better traffic
management. The Bangalore BTRAC project is said to be a self sustaining project amongst the rest,
as it generates revenue. However projects like the station area traffic improvement plan, CGRAPS-
ITS Project, Pune have not shown any growth over the years.

Table 5. Traffic Engineering and Demand Management

Performance
Name of Projects
Indicators
Intelligent
Public Station
Automated
BTRAC ATC Project KSTRC, Transport Area Traffic
Electronic CGRAPS,
Bangalore, Mumbai, Mysore, System Improveme
Driving Pune, MH
Karnataka MH Karnataka integrated nt Pune,
Test-KSTRC
with PIS MH
Delhi
Increase
13% N.A. 6.8% N.A. N.A. N.Q. N.A.
Revenue
Reduction in Zero
34.7% 19% N.A. N.A. N.A. 20%
accidents accidents
Improvement
28% 13-14% N.A. 25%-30% N.A. N.A. 11.7%
in travel speed
• 80 to 125
surveillanc
ITS
-e cameras
compone-
• 166 signals
nts
to 19 new Past- N.Q. 90 to 165 New track
Growth in 53 to 202 remained
signals Present- bus developed
Number of ITS ATC N.Q. same
• Pelican 2000 shelters in Hassan
components signals except in
signals at machines with PIS Academy
ATC
16
compone-
locations
nt
installed
recently
N.A – Not Applicable.
N.Q- Not Quantified.
MH-Maharashtra

7 other case studies (Table 6) on transport projects that have been considered for documenting in
this report are all new initiatives implemented with benefits. However the quantification of benefits
of such projects is difficult at the moment as most of the projects have been operation since just 6
months.

4
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Table 6. New Projects Reviewed

Sl.No. Projects Name City/State Description

1. Sustainable Transport Karnataka City bus service solution for medium and small
solution for medium size size cities
cities

2. NMT implementation Vizak, Andhra Implementation of a 5 km special vehicle-free

Pradesh zone and three designated cycling area.

3. NMT Project Nanded, Maharashtra Implementation of 28 km of dedicated cycle

track within the city
4. ATCAG bike share Bangalore, Karnataka The first and only fully automated bike sharing
scheme in India
5. Intelligent Transport Mysore, Karnataka State of art technology in India providing real
System time information and improves efficiency of
traffic operations
6. G-Auto Rajkot, Gujarat Organizing auto rickshaws into a branded and
marketed fleet, thus necessitating greater
operational accountability, leading to quality,
reliable service.
7. Traffic Transit Bangalore, Karnataka Inclusive Transit-Oriented Development in its
Management Centre bus stations.

From the study it can be seen that most of the awarded projects by MoUD continue to provide
benefits to the society and are recommended for replication by other cities.

The major reasons for success of these projects are summarized in Table 7 below.

Table 7. Reasons for Success of Projects

Name of projects Reasons for success

Category 1: Public Transport without Private sector Involvement

BMTC ,Bangalore City wide network

MRTS, Delhi Saving in travel time
Suburban Rail, Mumbai Improved capacity
Other reasons : use of ITS, good management policies
Category 2:Private Sector Involvement in Bus operations
Janmarg BRTS, Ahmedabad It is a closed system
Private stage carriage buses, Delhi A well framed contract
Low floor buses, Bhopal Good management & well framed contract

5
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Name of projects Reasons for success

City Bus services, Vadodara Continuous growth in fleet

Other reasons: use of ITS, continuous growth in fleet
Category 3: Non Motorised Transport
Fazilka,Punjab Last mile connectivity
Green Bike, Delhi Last mile connectivity
Dipbahan Rickshaw Bank ,Assam Social benefits to rickshaw pullers
Category 4: Traffic Engineering and Demand Management

BTRAC ,Bangalore Self sustainable system

ATC Mumbai Centrally co-ordinated traffic signal using real-time data
Electronic ticketing machine, Mysore Central control server for revenue collection
Electronic Driving Test, Karnataka Improved driver skills

6
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Introduction

Indian cities are engines of economic activity and contributes about two third of the GDP to the
country. However, the cities are currently overwhelmed by the increasing use of personal vehicles
(at the rate of 12 % per annum in the last two decade) and reduced share of public transport leading
to severe congestion on roads, deteriorating air quality, road accidents, fatalities and a host of other
mobility related issues.

Traditionally, in the Indian context, urban transport is not categorized as a subject under any of the
three levels of the Government (Central, State and Local). Due to the absence of any stand-alone
agency for planning and managing urban transport, the subject is addressed by various organizations
and agencies at various levels in the city, State, and Central Governments. There is an overall lack of
awareness about urban transport issues and their handling at all these levels. These, problems if left,
unchecked or unsolved, will seriously hamper economic growth, increase travel time and costs, and
will adversely impact the productive capacity of the city and the quality of life of its inhabitants.

Despite of all the above stated problems of urban transport in Indian cities, several initiatives have
been taken by many cities and states in India, for improving mobility. However most of these
initiatives are unknown and get restricted to the city only. To bring these initiatives out of the realms
of cities and to promote sustainable urban transport in India, the Ministry of Urban Development
honours exemplary work shown by different state organizations and presents Awards for “Best
Practices “in Urban Transport. The second most important goal of giving away these awards of
excellence were the scope for replication of the projects by other cities. This can only be possible if
the project in itself has sustained and is continually growing in scope and in terms of its benefits. It is
thus needed to document such cases, so that the achievements of these projects are highlighted and
other cities could take clues from them for solving their mobility problems.

As a starting point the projects that had been given award by MoUD for excellence in urban
transport were taken into consideration. At a later stage, other urban transport projects, showing
growing benefits in scope and replication, but have not received recognition or awards are also
taken into consideration for documentation.

The primary aim of this study is to provide a useful reference to city officials and planners
nationwide to implement similar transport improvement projects in the near future.

Objectives
The objectives of this study can thus be summarized as follows:
• To assess the current status of the UMI awarded projects from 2008-2011.
• To assess any other projects (Non awarded) that have shown growing benefits and scope for
replication by other cities.
• To describe process for replication of successful projects along with relevant references.

7
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Methodology

Task 1 Preliminary screening of

UMI awarded projects
All of the projects awarded by UMI since 2008 till 2011 were
taken as an initial start for screening (34 projects).A total of 34
Projects in 12 categories concentrated in 15 cities of India were
Contacts made with city
considered. (Annexure 2A and 2B).
officials & Questionnaire
Task 2 mailed

Letters and brief questionnaires were sent to the necessary civic

bodies responsible for the projects, which supplied relevant Site visit and data collection
data regarding the history, achievements, and current status of
each. Through a combination of research, on-site visits, and
interviews, a clear picture of each project emerged. The projects
that became inactive over the years (4 in total, list attached in Data compilation and analysis
Annexure 4) or due to paucity of information (7 in total, list
attached in annexure 4) were not included in the study. In total 23
projects have been considered. Out of these 23 projects, there
Consideration of non-
are 10 projects that have received awards more than twice or
awarded projects
thrice in different years under different categories (Annexure
5); therefore they have been clubbed into one each. Thus making
the total to be 17 projects.
Defining project cycle stage
for implementation
Task 3
Methodology Flowchart
Several other non-awarded best practiced urban transport
projects were also considered for documenting, so that their examples can also be used by other
cities as a motivating factor for replication. These projects were also studied in details too.

Task 4

The projects that were awarded in 12 categories by the MoUD from 2008-11(Annexure 3) as well as
the non awarded projects were then arranged into four broad categories as follows: public
transport without private participation (Rail/STUs), private sector involvement in bus operations,
non-motorized transport (Infrastructure/public bike sharing), Traffic engineering and demand
management including ITS and compiled into brief case studies (given in Part I).

Task 5

The project cycle stages (planning, However implementation and impact assessment)-for each of the
four categories of projects identified above were defined along with their reference material (given
in Part II) , so that cities can easily begin their urban transport projects by their own.

8
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Organization of report

The report has been organized into two broad sections:

Part 1 contains the case studies of all the best practiced projects in India, categorized into 4 groups -
public transport without private participation(Rail/STUs), private sector involvement in bus
operations, non-motorized transport(Infrastructure/public bike sharing), Traffic engineering and
demand management including ITS. Each case study contains a basic description of the project, vital
statistics and the present status.

Part II contains the project cycle stages –planning, implementation and impact assessment - for each
of the four categories of projects identified above so that they can be easily replicated by other cities

9
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Part I- Case Studies

10
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Public Transportwithout
Private Participation
(Rail/STUs)

11
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Key benefits:
Innovative Sustainable Urban
Public Transport – BMTC Model • Increased ridership by 19 % from 2008 to 2011,
Reduction in accidents by 0.10 per lakh kms
(2011-12).
Project Brief Description • Increased per kilometre earnings by 31 % from
2008 to 2011.
The Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation • Financially self-sustaining system with surplus
(BMTC) has achieved remarkable degrees of success in
of Rs 676 crore in 2011
providing public transport for Bangalore - a city of 8.5
• Transparency in management process
million, and the fifth-largest urban population in India.
Through sound management policies that foster
innovation and improvements, strong leadership,
Key Features: Electronically Screened hiring
transparency, public relations, and effective branding, process, Traffic Transit Management centres,
the organization has been shown to be a paragon of GPS,PIS, ITS Application, Electronic Ticketing
excellence for other providers in India and abroad. machines (ETMs), smart cards, public relations,
BMTC consistently enjoys surplus revenue, rare for a branding ,low floor buses, PPP model
transit provider of its size. It adapts to new
technology, equipping its bus fleet with GPS,
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), and Passenger
Information Systems (PIS); has established several
Traffic Transit Management Centres; and makes all
essential information regarding passenger travel
available online. BMTC is also committed to
protecting the environment by equipping all bus
depots with the latest emission testing facilities, using
Ultra Low Sulphur High speed diesel and other
alternative fuels. Moreover, its HR policies dictate
that drivers be screened and trained to maintain high
safety records, and that they receive fair
BMTC Bus
remuneration. BMTC now has a bus fleet of 6476
vehicles, and should continue to grow and improve
with the city of Bangalore. Recently BMTC has Project Cost
implemented “Vajra,” a new high quality airport direct Under the Bus Funding Scheme of JnNURM in 2009,
service using Volvo buses, and “Atal Sarige,” a special 1,000 buses were procured through investments in
subsidized operation geared toward the city’s urban the following ratio:
poor.
Cost of Procurement of 1000 buses
Vital statistics of project Figures(Rs. %
crore)
Cost to Central 106.07 35
Date of Foundation 15th Aug 1997
Government
Length/area of influence Bangalore city(846 sq.kms) Cost To State 45.46 15
Planning/operation/ BMTC Government
Implementation agency Cost to BMTC 151.53 50
Total cost 303.07 100

12
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sources of Revenue Current status of the project

Having a daily ridership of approximately 4.8 million,
BMTC currently has average daily revenue of Rs. 4.32 BMTC is one of the largest bus operators in the
crore, and had gross revenue of Rs. 1503 crore in country. The system’s 6100 vehicles travel an average
fiscal year 2011-12, broken down as follows: of 13.02 lakh km per day. In 2012-13, BMTC
employed 34,278 staff.
Revenue for fiscal year (2011-12)
Figures(Rs. % Award of Excellence
crore)
Traffic Operations 1386.24 92 The Project has received many national and
Gov’t 64.10 4 international awards. Several are listed below:
reimbursement
Other commercial 52.72 4 • Road Safety Award 2001 by ASRTU
revenue • UITP Asia Pacific Award for Outstanding
Total revenue 1503.07 100
Achievement in the field of Affordable Public
Transport 2002-03
Operation and Maintenance Cost (as • Award for vehicle productivity (Urban
on 2011-12) Services) for 2005-06
• Prime Minister Civil Service Exclusive Award
2009
The operation and maintenance cost for the year • International UITP-ITF Award for Outstanding
2011-12 was approximately Rs 148166 crore. Innovations in Public Transport for 2009-10
• Best Urban Mass transit Project -2010 by
MoUD.
• Namma Bangalore Award 2010 for
Outstanding Contribution to Bangalore City.
• Best Practices Award 2010 by City Managers’
Association Karnataka (CMAK) for Commuter
Beneficial Schemes and Pass System.
• ASRTU Award for Maximum Improvement in
Tyre Performance 2010-11.
• Apollo Commercial Vehicle Award-2012 for
the Best Services Given to Commuters.
• UITP- First Regional Award-2011 for doubling
Low Floor buses-BMTC
Public Transport in Bangalore Metropolitan
area- Initiatives of Bangalore Metropolitan
Transport Corporation.
• ASRTU Award for Profit-Making STU in Urban
services-2011-2012.
• ASRTU Award for Maximum Improvement in
Contribution towards Secretarial Rebate
during 2010-11.

13
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

• World Water Summit Award. For the Best

Environment Practices- 2011-12.
• Govt of India HUDCO Award, for Best Practices
Adopted by BMTC in Improving Living
Environment in Bangalore- 2012-13.
• India Road Transportation Award-2012 by
Ministry of Transport and Highway &CEAT –
Excellence in Public Transport Operation in
Government Sector.
• IIMM Corporate Excellence Award in Supply Bus shelters
Chain Management-2012-13.
• 60th UITP Award for Customer Service
P P

Low Breakdown Rate: From average 0.64 breakdowns

Innovation in Bangalore City Transport, per 10,000 km in 1996-7, sound management and
Geneva, May 2013 maintenance policies decreased the figure to the
current 0.05 breakdowns per lakh km (2011-12).
Project replication at any other areas
for its success
Several State Transport Corporations across India
have used the BMTC model in their own
organizations.

Benefits of the project

Physical Parameters
U

Ridership: As of 2011, BMTC’s daily ridership was 4.8

million, one of the highest in the country for a single Passenger Information System in Buses
bus operator. The steady growth of daily ridership
Reduction in accidents: Accident rates have
can be seen in this table.
decreased to 0.10 per lakh km (2011-12) from a
Year Avg. Ridership per day previous high of 0.32 (1997-1998) due to effective
Sl.No.
driver training and vehicle maintenance programs.
2005-06 34,78,000
1. BMTC now has one of the lowest accident rates in the
2.
2006-07 37,75,000 country.

2007-08 38,59,000
3.
2008-09 40,27,000
4.
2009-10 44,50,000
5.
2010-11 47,50,000
6.

7. 2011-12 48,00,000

SittingFinancial
U Parameters
area at BMTC terminal

14
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

and several crore to various medical research

Earning per km/CPK: Both Earnings per km on Traffic initiative
Revenue and Earnings per km on Gross Revenue have
been steadily increasing. The earning per km on traffic Public Responses
revenue, calculated on an annual basis, is given below, Passenger satisfaction surveys recorded 96%
along with CPK: satisfaction in 2003-04 & 2006.
Sl.No. Year EPK(Rs.) CPK(Rs) Several of BMTC’s new developments have been
1. 2008-09 24.63 23.27
lauded in news agencies across the country. The
2. 2009-10 25.62 24.14
Hindu describes the new online trip planner tool:
3. 2010-11 29.02 27.92
4. 2011-12 32.29 31.82
“Commuting by bus in Bangalore has just become easy with
the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)
Financial Success: As of March 2011, BMTC had a
launching its all new website with the main feature of trip
surplus of Rs. 676crore. Moreover, the organization
planner that interlinks the routes, timetable and bus stops.”
boasted a total positive net worth of Rs. 1071.77
crore, and remains the most profitable bus transport “BMTC Chief Traffic Manager (Operations) Dastagir Sharief
corporations in the country. said that BMTC is in the process of constantly updating and
improving the website. Nearly 20 personnel from its traffic
Environmental Parameters department have been working with the technical team to
provide accurate information. The website provides the
Environment Cell: A special division, named the option to print timetables, details of bus stops and routes.”
“environment cell,” was established with its own Source: Sastry, Anil Kumar, “New BMTC website makes
th
travel easy. “The Hindu, 15 May,
director to monitor and protect the environment.

Other Initiatives: To combat pollution and improve

the “green” image of the city, extra trees have been Sources:
planted. 21 depots have been outfitted with rain
• http://straphanger.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/b
water harvesting and water recycling plants, and angalores-vajra-volvos-chennai-mtc/ (picture)
energy-saving solar and compact fluorescent lights • 2013.http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bang
have been installed. alore/new-bmtc-website-makes-travel-
easy/article4715297.ec
Other Benefits: • http://www.mybmtc.com/
• “Application for MoUD Award for excellence in
• Life insurance – Rs. 1.0 lakh of life insurance Urban Transport.” BMTC, 2011
made available to passengers in case of loss of
life
• Rs. 20,000 promised toward medical
treatment in case of injury
• Monthly passes – travel made easier and
more attractive; monthly subscriptions have
risen accordingly
• Donations – BMTC has made several high-
profile donations, including Rs. 75 lakh and
foodstuffs to victims of flooding in Karnataka

15
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Suburban Rail Transport Project,

Key Benefits:
Mumbai
• Increase in ridership by 11% from 2007 to 2011
• Increase speeds to 100 kmph
Project Brief Description • Increase revenue generation by 47% since last
Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP)have been year
formulated by the Mumbai Metropolitan • New design led to 30% energy saving
Development (MMRDA) to bring about improvement • Vehicle km per day has been increased by 36%
in traffic and transport situation in Mumbai
Metropolitan Region with the assistance of World
Bank. This project envisages investment in suburban Key Features- SPV, new design EMU rakes, AC/DC
railway projects as railway system in Mumbai is one of coaches, Resettlement and Rehabilitation, Coupon
the most densely loaded and intensively utilized rail Validating Machines (CVMs), smart cards, automatic
system in the world, spread over 319 route kms. The ticket vending machine
system initially was carrying 5,000 passengers per 9car
train during peak hours, as against the rated carrying
capacity of 1750.In addition suburban Rail services
had been facing problems like obsolete design of
existing trains and coaches, limited carrying capacity
encroachment on railway land. To enable the Mumbai
Suburban railway system to meet the demands and to
bring down the overcrowding during peak hours
Mumbai Rail Vikas Corporation (MRVC)as a part of the
MUTP inducted new coaches/rakes, constructed new
lines, maintained support infrastructures, resettled
15000 families and imported new technologies to
improve urban mobility in the city of Mumbai. At
present daily approximately 7.6 million passengers
use the system. The Mumbai Urban Transport Project
(Rail Component) has been bifurcated into 3 phases
for implementation.

Vital statistics of project

Date of Operation 12.07.1999

Length/area of Churchgate –Dahanu Road on Western
influence railway & CSTM to Kasara,Karjat/Khopoli
and Pandvel on Central Railway(319 kms
route)
Planning/operatio/ Route map
Implementation Planning/implementation: Mumbai railway
agency Vikas Corporation(MRVC)
Operation: Western and Central Railways

16
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Project Cost Current status of the project

Mumbai Urban Transport Project (Rail Component)
Cost of project(MUTP- I) has been bifurcated in 3 phases (Phase I,II and III).
Figures(Rs Percentage ( %)
Phase I included addition of 93 kms track, induction of
in crore) 101 new 9 car rakes,15,857 affected households
Loan from World 1600 36 resettled and rehabilitated, Achievement of 3 mins
bank headway on all lines, running of 12 car rakes on all
Cost to Central 1450.9 32
lines(excluding Harbour Line) by lengthening of all
Government (IR)
Cost To State 1450.9 32 platforms and DC to AC conversion on Central &
Government western Railway. All works of phase I have been
Total Cost 4501.80 100 completed by March, 2012.In Phase II, World bank
sanctioned loan of Rs 1910 crores added 88 KMS
track,72 new 12 car track, resettlement of 2,839
Sources of Revenue/income(As on 31 project households, DC to AC conversion on central
March 2012) railway 172 track kmS. It is expected that MUTP II will
be completed by 2015-16 except completion of two
SPV
works i.e, 5th and 6th line between CSTM-Kurla and
Rs in crores % Line Mumbai Central –Borivali on central and western
Revenue from 11.79 27.46 railways respectively. Phase III cost estimated has also
operations(Direction & been worked out to be Rs55,000 crores requiring
general charges)
additional 517 RKM and more than 2000 EMU
Other operating 31.12 72.50
income(interest on coaches.
deposit with banks
sundry receipts etc) Award of Excellence
Miscellaneous 0.02 0.04
Total Revenue 42.93 100 The Project has received many awards as follows:

• Indian Merchants Chamber Ramkrishna Bajaj

National Quality Performance Excellence
Operation and Maintenance cost(As on
Trophy-2008 in service category.
31 March 2012) • Safety award 2008 by Institution of

Expenditure Rs (in %
crores)
Staff cost 12.73 63
Depreciation& amortization 1.37 7
expenses
Other expenses 5.99 30
(electricity,advertisements,re
pair&maintenance ,contractor
services, interest expenses
etc)
Total 20,09 100

New Train rakes/Coaches

17
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Engineers(India) Ltd for significant contribution • Development of fast corridor between CST-
to Mumbai sub urban system. Panvel on DBFOT basis
• 6thVishwesarayya Achievement AWARD-2008 • New corridors between Vihar-Vasai-Panvel,
for excellence in construction projects.
Panvel–Khopoli,Thane-Bhivandi,
• Performance Excellence Award-2009 by Indian
Institute of Industrial Engineering. • Quadrupling of the Virar-Dahanu Road and
• Award of excellence for Best Urban Mass doubling of Panvel-Karjat
Transit project(runner up) in 2009 by Ministry • New electrified single line between Pen-
of Urban Development. Alibaug along with electrification of Panvel –
• Genentech Award for outstanding pen section
achievement in Environment management • Augmenting and strengthening of tracks and
from Genentech Foundation.
institutions
• 2009 International Business Stieve Awards for
Single Market Company of the year in Asia. • Station improvement and yard remodelling.

Benefits of the project

Physical Parameters

Ridership: Ridership increased from approximately 6.8

million per day in 2007-08 to 7.6 million per day.

Church gate station

Project replication at any other areas

for its success
On the same pattern, due to the project’s success it
will be replicated in 4 other lines as follows:

1. 5th& 6th Lines CSTM-Kurla

Lifeline of city of Mumbai
2. 5th& 6th lines Thane-Diva
3. 6th Line Mumba central-Borivalli Percentage of modal split
4. Extension of Harbour line from Andheri to The increase in ridership is maybe due to increase in
Gurgaon population. Based on physical surveys the modal split
by trip (excluding walk)
Future Plans
Sl.No. Modes of transport % modal split
MUTP Phase III cost estimated has also been worked
1. Train 51%
out to be Rs 55,000crores requiring additional 517 2. bus 23%
RKM and more than 2000 EMU coaches. This phase is 3. 2-whleers+cars 14%
also phased into three periods i.e, 2014-2021(MUTP 3 4. taxi ,rickshaw & cycles 12%
A),2021-2026(MUTP 3B) & 2026-31(MUTP 3C).The
major components of the phase are :

18
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Improvement in travel speeds: the new rakes • Lighting inside the coaches has been improved
introduced are having a speed potential of 100 kmph to 300 lux from present 120 lux .
against 80 kmph for old rakes. This has led in • vehicle km per day has been increased by 36%
reduction of travelling time on 3 lines as follows: after induction of new rakes,
• Western line-Churchgate- Virar by 6 mins, • Overcrowding has come down for the first
time in the city of Mumbai by approx. 20,
• central line- CSTM-Kalyan by 9 minutes additional corridors introduction of additional
• Harbour line- CSTM-Panvel 2 minutes thereby services. This resulted in the segregation of
reducing the traveling time of the commuters. main-line operation from the suburban
operation release the path for additional
Financial Parameters suburban

The increase in the ridership has subsequently Public Responses

increased the revenue generated. The revenue
generated for the month of March 2011 was Rs 29,
The MRVC initiative has been funded by World Bank and it
12, 03,493 and for the month of March, 2012 IS Rs 42, has been featured in the Time of India dated 2009 and
93, 02,231.therefore there has been a considerable 2011.”
increase of 47.42% since the last year.
“Indian Railways (IR) has provided Rs 5,300 crore for
• Environmental Parameters modernisation and improvement of suburban services
under the Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP-II).
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions- In the new The railways intend to start 300 suburban services using
improved infrastructure and new trains under the World
design of EMU rakes, 25000V A traction system is
Bank-funded MUTP.MRVC would also use part of the funds
used. The energy saving of 20 crore units has been
under MUTP-II to convert power supply from 1,500-volt
estimated which will enable less production of 20 lakh
direct current (DC) to 25,000-volt alternate current (AC) to
tonne of CO2emissions in the power stations. run suburban trains faster. MRVC has finished DC to AC
conversion on a majority of the Western Railway (WR)
Reduction in air and noise pollution: in earlier network under MUTP-I. "The funds under MUTP-II will be
coaches lot of noise used to be generated.(more than used to finish the DC to AC conversion on the Thane-CST
85 db).With the use of compressor of modified design section of Central Railway," said officials “.
noise level inside the coach has been reduced to 65- Source: e-paper Times of India, 14th Feb, 2009, “Railways puts
68db. suburban train travel on fast track “

Sources:
Other benefits-
• e-paper Time of India, Feb 2009 and Jan
• New design there will be 30% energy saving in
2011issues(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.
the suburban sections of central and western com/2010-08-28/mumbai/28287842_1_mrvc-
railways. siemens-rakes-p-c-sehgal)
• Co2 level inside the coach has been reduced to • Annual Report of MRVC 2011-12
1400ppm from existing 2500ppm, • Comprehensive Transportation system of Mumbai
• More than 1 lakh project affected peoples Metropolitan Region, LEA Associates,2008
were resettled and rehabilitated by allotting a • Meeting and field visit with Executive Engineer
house of 225 sq.ft, Planning fromMRVC.
• Cost of MRVC rakes is 20 crore against 60
crores of fully imported rakes,

19
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Delhi MRTS Key benefits:

• Increased ridership by 128 % from 2008 to

Project Brief Description 2011
Delhi Metro is one of the largest rail based mass • Earning per kms increased by 55%.
transit system, which started its operations in • Reduction in 3 hrs journey to 80 mins.
2002.The system is equipped with a state-of-the-art • Increase revenue generation by 205% from
communication and train control system. It has 2010 to 2011.
modern air-conditioned coaches and ticketing through • Generates Income from carbon credits in
the Automatic Fare Collection System - introduced for foreign exchange.
the first time in India. With peak-hour headway as • Reduction in energy consumption by 23% giga
little as three minutes, travelling on the Delhi metro is joule
often the most enjoyable and efficient way to get
across the city. The project has also introduced the
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which Key Features:AC Coaches,electronic displays,
replaces conventional transport modes with ones that Automatic Train supervisions (ATS), Automatic Train
are more efficient, faster, safer and more reliable. The Operations (ATO), automated doors, GPS system
project also helped to develop a new methodology-
ACM016, which can be used by other cities developing
metro systems in India to generate income from
carbon credits in foreign exchange with Non Annex-I Project Cost
countries to the Kyoto protocol. The MRTS project has
been divided into three phases - Phase I, consisting of
Phase I - Rs. 10,571 crore
65 km of track and 59 stations. Phase II, adding an
Phase II- Rs.17,312.02crores
additional 124.63 km and 83 stations. And phase III of
Phase III- estimated cost Rs. 35,242 crore
41 kms and 28 underground stations. Delhi Metro
boasts a daily weekday ridership of 2.2 million, and
seeks to eventually serve all areas of the city with Property Sources of Funds Interest
efficient, clean, modern metro rail. developm free
ent subordinat
2% e loan
Vital statistics of project 8%
GNCTD
18% Jica loan
53%
Date of Operation 25/12/02-first operation
Cost to
Length/area of influence Delhi and NRC Central
Governme
Planning/operation/ Delhi Metro Rail nt
Implementation agency Corporation 19%

20
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sources of Revenue Award of Excellence

Fiscal Year 2011-12 The project has received many awards from a variety of
Rs in crores % national and international bodies, four of which are:
Traffic Operations 1281.57 57
Consultancy 25.50 1 • Best Mass Transit Project in 2008 by MoUD.
Real estate 57.26 3 • Best Clean Mechanism Project’ in the year 2009
Ext.Project works 585.23 26 & 2011 by Ministry of Urban development
Other Income 298.21 13
Total Revenue 2247.77 100
• Asian Heroes award by TIME Magazine in 2003
• The Chevalier de la Legion d’Honneur, going to
Managing Director Dr. E Sreedharan

Operation and Maintenance Cost Project replication at any other areas

Fiscal Year 2011-12 for its success
Rs in crores %
Operating DMRC has completed a feasibility study and detailed project
806.023 35 report for the proposed metro link express Gandhinagar and
Expenses
Employees’ 267.536 12 Ahmedabad. In addition, the success of the Delhi metro
Benefits Expense project has encouraged other cities to plan and build metro
Finance Cost 200.579 9 systems of their own.
Depreciation
&Amortization 800.872 35
Benefits of the project
Expense
Other Expenses 227.875 8
Net Prior Period Physical Parameters
12.988 1 U

Adjustments
Total Costs 2315.874 100
Ridership: Delhi Metro has been experiencing steadily
Delhi Metro had a before-tax net loss of Rs. 68.099 crore
increasing ridership, albeit a bit slower than officials had
for fiscal year 2011-12.
hoped. The system now has an average weekday
Current status of the project ridership of 2.2 million. Annual ridership has likewise
increased, as can be seen in the table below, showing
Phases I & II have been completed; Phase III is under years 2008 to 2012:
construction, and Phase IV is in the planning stage. The
operational track length currently stands at 189.63 km. Sl.No. Year No.of passengers(in millions)
1. 2007-08 218.70
2. 2008-09 263.73
3. 2009-10 307.42
4. 2010-11 459.62
5. 2011-12 605.9

Improvement in travel speeds: Reduced 3 hours journey

to 80 minutes (45 km. – from Jahangir Puri to Sushant
Lok). Savings in time of travel per day is estimated to
about 12.4 lakh hours.

Metro Rail-Delhi

21
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Reduction in accidents:591 (out of which 110 could forego their private vehicles in favour of the
have been fatal) Metro.
Financial Parameters
U • Annual fuel consumption drop of 106,493 liters–
less vehicle reliance means less fuel burned.
Therefore quantity of fuel saved per day is 273
tonnes.
• As more and more people shift from motorized
transport to the metro, it is estimated that for
the year 2011 alone, the total social-economic
benefits are estimated to be nearly Rs. 4000
PIS Boards crores.
Public Responses
For fiscal year 2011-12, Delhi Metro had revenue of Rs. The people of NCT Delhi have embraced Delhi metro as
2247.77 crore, and total expenditure, not including the arterial mode of transport in the region. The
interest or depreciation, of Rs.1301.43 crore, leading to continuous rise in ridership is a testimony to the
a profit of Rs. 946.34 core. After accounting for taxes, immense faith that the people have shown on Metro.In
depreciation, and interest, the total net loss for the year addition, the success of Delhi Metro and the ever
amounted to Rs. 185.15 crore. increasing ridership has been lauded several times in the
news:
Earning per route km:
Sl.No. year EPK(Rs.) “[In Delhi] traffic congestion is immense. Its buses are slow,
1. 2007--08 38.60 hot and crowded. Until recently, its only railways were the
2. 2006-09 41.26 long-distance lines to the rest of India. And then Delhi built a
3. 2009-10 43.95 metro: a metro that, in the context of India, has become one
4. 2010-11 49.04 of the wonders of the modern world… 99.97 percent of trains
5. 2011-12 64.01 arrive within one minute of schedule. They are clean, cool
and safe. “
Environmental Parameters
U

Sources: Colebatch, Tim. “Delhi’s metro success a lesson for

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: There is a Australia.” The Age, 2nd April 2013.
reduction of 2, 08,780 CO2 tones annually in greenhouse
gases. “
Sources:
• http://www.theage.com.au/comment/delhis-metro-
Reduction in air and noise pollution: Annually, 9446
success-a-lesson-for-australia-20130401-2h2w8.html
tonnes of air pollution is reduced, along with significant
• “Annual Report 2011-12.” Delhi Metro Rail
reduction in noise pollution. Corporation
• www.delhimetrorail.com
Reduction in energy consumption: Giga Joule: 22.3%
1T 1T

Other benefits:
• An average daily reduction of 117,249 vehicles
from the city streets – more and more people

22
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sustainable Transport Solutions Key Benefits:

for Medium and Small Size Cities,
• Profit per km is approximately Rs 11.
Karnataka • Earnings per km is Rs 33 approx.
• Reduction of 1472 tonnes per year of CO2.
• Reductions of NOX by 44,906 tonnes/annum
Project Brief Description
and HC by 75,863 tonnes/annum
Northeast Karnataka State is home to the tier-II city of
Gulbarga and several tier-III, all of which have not Project Cost
traditionally had official public transport systems. The cost of procurement of 175 buses is Rs. 38 crore. 50
However, recent developments in this region by the buses for Gulbaraga city are 50% funded by the
Northeast Karnataka Road Transport Corporation Karnataka State government, with the remaining 50%
(NEKRTC) have proven that public transport systems can funded by the internal resources of NEKRTC.
be practical and viable in these small and medium cities.
To create attractive, user friendly bus systems, modern
buses are being procured that adhere to MoUD
specifications and branded through select color schemes
for each city, advanced technology such as LED displays
and GPS are being implemented, fares are being priced
so as to be affordable and attractive, daily and monthly
passes are being introduced, and dozens of bus shelters
– already 16 in Gulbarga and several more in other cities
are being planned - are being constructed in central and
accessible city areas. So far the cities of Gulbarga,
Bijapur, Bellary, Hospet, Bidar, and Yadgir have
completed project implementation and are operations
with Raichur and Koppal still in the implementation
stages. Breaking the perception that public transport in A modern NEKRTC bus
India is only possible in large metro areas will be vital as
smaller cities will swell in the coming decades through Sources of Revenue
rapid urbanization; projects such as this one in Revenue is generated through the sale of tickets and
Karnataka thus show a promising way forward. daily/monthly passes. In the future, additional revenue
may come from advertisements on buses.
Vital statistics of project
Operation and Maintenance Cost
Date of Operation August 2012
Length/area of influence Northeast Karnataka Average daily operation and maintenance costs for the
Planning/operation/ NEKRTC six project cities are given in Rs. in the following table:
Implementation agency

Key Features- modern bus procurement, bus

shelters, GPS, LED displays, daily and monthly
passes, branding

23
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

City Maintenance Staff Fuel Total Benefits of the project

Gulbarga 1,84,162 1,20,686 1,05,757 4,10,605
Bijapur 1,12,832 75,200 65,472 2,53,504 Physical Parameters
Bellary 94,743 62,617 55,702 2,13,062
U

Hospet 48,351 32,085 28,542 1,08,978 City Ridership(daily)

Bidar 45,360 29,808 26,516 1,01,684 Gulbarga 75,000
Yadgir 23,528 15,640 13,913 53,081 Bijapur 54,000
Bellary 37,450
Hospet 22,650
Bidar 20,800
Yadgir 10,712

Ridership: Daily ridership in 2013 for the six project

cities is as follows:

Improvement in travel speeds: Improvements in travel

speeds have been reported.

Reduction in accidents: Reductions in accidents have

Proposed NEKRTC Bus Terminal been reported.

Modal Split: Modal split for Gulbarga and Bijarpur are

Current status of the project
given in the following table. Modal split surveys for the
The project has been implemented and is in operation in other cities are being conducted.
the six cities of Gulbarga, Bijapur, Bellary, Hospet, Bidar,
and Yadgir. Implementation is planned for Raichur and Gulbarga Bijapur
Koppal is the coming months. Auto 35% 77%
Bicycle 6% 4%
Project replication at any other areas Two-wheeler 2% 10%
Bus 57% 9%
for its success Walk 1%

The project has been extended to include 8 cities in

Northeast Karnataka. In addition, the project has shown Financial Parameters
U

that bus systems in small and medium sized Indian cities

can be possible and sustainable, so it will likely inspire The bus systems have proven to be profitable – the
replication in other cities in the future. following table gives earnings per kilometer (EPK), Cost
per Kilometer (CPK) and profit per kilometer (PPK). All
Future plans for the project figures are for June 2013, and given in rupees.
In the coming years, NEKRTC plans to improve the level
of service in the bus systems, study areas in which
routes can be introduced, improve bus shelters and
terminals, create more support infrastructure such as
depots and maintenance sheds, and explore the use of
PPP to provide more infrastructures.

24
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

City EPKs) CPK(Rs) PPK(Rs)

Gulbarga 33.86 31.46 2.4
Bijapur 38.94 27.47 11.47
Bellary 29.14 28.99 0.15
Hospet 29.36 26.02 3.34
Bidar 31.99 26.93 5.06
Yadgir 33.03 26.50 6.53

Environmental Parameters

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: A reduction of

1472 tonnes per year of CO2 has been reported.

Reduction in air and noise pollution: Several other

pollutants have been massively reduced, as seen in the
following reductions: NOX, 44,906 tonnes/annum; HC,
75,863 tonnes/annum; and CO, 178,549 tonnes/annum.

Other benefits-
• Well-orchestrated, modern bus system –
leads to greater customer satisfaction, more
accessibility, and more people opting for
transit
• Issuance of daily/monthly passes – a
cheaper and more convenient way to travel
• Accessibility – bus stops and shelters are
being placed so as to maximize use and
minimize hassle
Sources:

• Submission from NEKRTC, 2013.

• http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=4
91877&page=9
• http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=7
75022&page=34
• Meeting with DTO,NEKRTC.

25
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Private Sector Involvement in

BusOperations

26
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Janmarg BRTS, Ahmedabad Key Benefits:

• Increased ridership by 28% from 2011 to 2012.

Project Brief Description • Increased speeds by 24kmph
Janmarg-BRTS Ahmedabad is a fast, reliable, secure, high • All buses recover operating cost up to 95%.
capacity service, which has a distinct identity. The • Greater reliability, punctuality and customer
system has been in operation for the past two years. A satisfaction.
network of 90 kms has been planned under Phase I and
II of BRTS. At present 67 kms are operational and a
further 22 km are under construction. The system Key Features ITS Application, low floor bus, SPV,
carries about 1.13 lakh passengers daily with a fleet of Passenger Information system, vehicle tracking
118 buses at peak headway of 150 sec. Stations have system, off board electronic fare collection, area
been provided on the median that are accessed at grade traffic control systems (ATCS), Gross cost PPP Model
through signalized zebra crossings. All BRTS Stations are
provided with ticketing, display, audio systems and
Project Cost
other support infrastructure. Extensive use of ITS
applications provides useful data for efficient
monitoring, operations and maintaining service quality
of BRTS. The BRTS uses integrated transit management Cost of infrastructure

system (ITMS) extensively including the major Figures Percentage (%)

components: passenger information system, vehicle (Rs in crore )
tracking system (GPS/GPRS based), electronic off board Cost to Central 343.7 35
fare collection system, area traffic control systems Government
Cost To State 147.3 15
(ATCS), and traffic signal management. All the above Government
stated services are managed by Ahmedabad Janmarg Cost to city 491 50
Limited, a special purpose vehicle. The BRTS system has (Ahmedabad
also entered into a PPP Option for a total of nine PPP Municipal
Corporation)
arrangements to ensure efficient operation. The gross
cost model has been implemented for bus procurement Total cost 982 100%
and operational maintenance, with the rate per
kilometre retained by the operator of Rs. 40 at 2009
prices.Rs in crore

Vital statistics of project

Date of Operation 14th October,2009

Length/area of influence 67 kms operational
Planning/operation/ Lead planning and
Implementation agency implementation: Ahmedabad
Municipal Corporation
Planning and design: CEPT
University
Operations: Ahmedabad Low floor buses
Janmarg Limited(AJL)

27
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sources of Revenue Award of Excellence

The major sourcesof revenue are asfollows: The Project has received several national and
• Ticketing revenue international awards as follows:
• AdvertisementrightsofBRTS stationsand Corridor
• Urban Transportation Fund, which • Best Mass transit Awrad-2009 by MoUD.
includesAdvertisementHoarding Revenueacross • New Technological Innovations/Applications
the BRTS corridorand Premiumof FSI collected 2010 by MoUD.
across the BRTS corridor • Sustainable Urban Transport Award-2010 at
• P ay&Park Facilities Annual TRB Conference in Washington.
• Knowledge and Research Award-2011 by UITP &
Revenue by SPV ITF (award given to COE-CEPT for innovative
Monthly Percentage (%) route selection.)
(Rs in crore) • Joint Runners-up for Award for Outstanding
Passes/ 2.71 89 Innovations in Public Transport-2010 by
Tickets International Transport Forum, Germany.
Others
• Daring Ambition Award-2011 by UITP & ITF.
(Advertisement
0.32 11 • Best Intelligent Transport System Project-2011 by
/
Royalty MoUD.
Total Revenue 3.03 100% • Momentum for Change 2012 by UN, 2012 at
Doha, Qatar.
• UITP India Political Commitment Award and
Operation and Maintenance Cost Design Award for BRTS, Geneva, 2013

(as on 2011-2012)

Expenditure Rs (in crore) Percenetage

(%)
Total O&MCostof 3.64 71
Infrastructure/buses
Staff cost 1.08 21
Material costincluding 0.38 7
Softwareandmaintenan
cecost
Othercosts, including 0.03 1
Passengertax
Total 5.13 100%
Bus station on the median
Current status of the project
Project replication at any other areas
BRTS is operational in 67 km out of the planned 88 km
after the first two phases. About 29 kms is under for its success
construction. Phase 3 is under approval by the Indore began trial operations in May 2013 for the pilot
Government. Once BRTS is made operational over the corridor of 11.5 km. The design of bus stationsand
entire planned network of 88 kms, a total of Strength of junctions is inspired by Janmarg. Surat andPune and
350 buses is envisaged to be provided through 3-4 PimpriChinchwad also used the Janmarg model of
operators. At present one operator is operating with a median bus lanes with median stations. Based on
fleet of 118 buses on weekdays and 99 buses on Janmarg’s success, Hubli-Dharwad,
holidays.

28
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Vadodara,Bhubaneshwarare also at various stages in Earning per km: The earning per kilometre is Rs. 40 per
planning, design and execution of BRT systems. km operated. BRTS buses are operating over 260 kms
with an average passenger count of 1700-2000 per bus
Benefits of the project per day with daily revenue per bus at Rs. 10,000. All bus
Physical Parameters and operating costs are recovered up to 95%. Cost per
kilometre is Rs. 61 per kilometre.
Ridership: Ridership increased consistently through the
first eleven months of operations by 305%. Average daily Environmental Parameters
passengers increased from 17,315 in the first month to
69,759 by the eleventh month. Ridership increased to Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: The new BRTS
85-90,000 per day by April 2011, to 115,018 passengers network effectively distributes traffic to keep trip length
in April 2012-April 2013. short, reducing CO2 emissions by 15%. In addition, 65%
of riders access Janmarg on foot, which translates into
further reduction of vehicle travel. Janmarg carries
2,00,000 passengers currently and will carry over
7,00,000 passengers by the end of 2014. This will reduce
the number of miles travelled by private vehicle by
51,000,000km by 2012 and 102,000,000km by 2014.

Reduction in air and noise pollution: Air quality, despite

increase in number of vehicles, has remained under the
norm along BRTS corridors mainly due to change in
Automated Entry Gates to Bus Station composition of vehicles. There is a reduction in PM-18%
and NOX-20%. The ratio of fuel consumption of AMTS
Percentage of modal split:. Based on physical surveys,
and BRTS buses per passenger kms is 1:0.65.
the modal split (as on April 2012- April 2013) is as
follows:
Other benefits:
• Social integration – Greater availability of
Sl.No. Modes of transport % modal split
mobility options for women,as well as an increase
1. AMTS 52%
in ridership of women.
2. 2-wheelers 14%
3. car 1.0%
• Densification of corridors with higher FSI
4. Other modes 33 % utilisation.
• Reliability – according to a recent survey, 83% of
Improvement in travel speeds: The BRTS records peak buses arrive on time, 4% arrive before time and
hour speeds of 24 kmph, as opposed to 16-18 kmph of 13% are delayed.
Ahmedabad municipal transport services. • Visibility – the high-profile Janmarg BRTS is now
known nation-wide for its success
Reduction in accidents: On an average 3-4 minor
accidents in Ahmedabad involve BRTS buses.7 fatalities Public Responses
and 113 minor accidentsoccurred involving BRTS buses Passenger surveys conducted in the corridor have shown
during 2 years of operation. Driver training, retraining general public approval of the system. A great majority
and safety audits are undertaken periodically. of respondents listed the stations as “clean” or “very
Financial Parameters clean.” In addition, about 95% felt safe crossing the road
and that the behaviour of the staff and driver were

29
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

appropriate, and over 80% felt that the bus was driven “But some five years later, the same commuters are enjoying
safely. In the 24nd month of operation, average the comfortable ride on the Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS),
satisfaction stood at 8.5/10.The BRTS Ahmedabad has praising the foresight of the authorities.”
become the topic of discussion on many leading
Source: e-paper of The Hindu, Ahmedabad Edition,
newspapers such as The Hindu and Times of India: th
Ahmedabad on a Roll, dated 5 August,2012.

“Nearly 23 per cent of the two-wheeler owners, more than 25

per cent of the regular auto rickshaw users and about three
per cent of the car owners have shifted to BRTS.”
PPP Model-Gross Cost Model

The gross cost model has been implemented for bus procurement and operational maintenance.There are a total of
nine PPP arrangements which Ahmedabad Janmarg has entered into to ensure efficient operations. The
responsibility matrix is represented below:

Component Station Construction operations Manage- maintenance

/design /supply ment
Bus station AJL Fixed time/fixed rate - - Presently under
/corridor /CEPT contractor defect liability
/flyovers period
Buses AJL/CEPT Buses hired for 7 yrs Bus operator Janmarg/operator Bus operator
from operator
Ticketing, IT system AJL/CEPT service provider service provider service provider service provider
through annuity through annuity through annuity
Sky walks Concept by concessionaire concessionaire concessionaire concessionaire
CEPT/design by
concessionaire
Parking AJL/CEPT Parking constructed Pay & park Operator Pay & park
as part of corridor operator overseen by operator
Janmaarg
Hardware elements AJL/CEPT Supplier Janmarg Janmarg /services Supplier through
/services provider AMC
provider
Advertisement rights AJL/CEPT licensee licensee janmarg licensee
House keeping AJL/CEPT - - janmarg Services provider
Landscaping AJL/CEPT licences janmarg licensee

th
Sources:e-paper of The Hindu, Ahmedabad Edition, dated 5
• August,2012(http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ahmedabad-is-on-a-roll/article3728194.ece).
• Urban transport initiatives IN India: Best Practices in PPP, Ahmedabad BRTS by NIUA
• UMI Awards 2011,12 nominations entries

30
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Corporatization of Private Stage Vital statistics of project

Carriage Buses in Delhi Date of Operation

th
5 May,2011
Length/area of influence National Capital territory(NCT)

Project Brief Description Planning Planning & Implementation:

/operation DIMTS ,Delhi Government
Bus services in Delhi were earlier provided by state /Implementation agency Operation: private companies
owned Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) and private
buses by operators based on stage carriage permits
issued by State Transport Authority, Delhi. This bus
Key Benefits
system (dubbed “Blue line”) of individual permit-based
operation of private stage carriage buses suffered from • Increase in ridership by 41% from May to Aug
several problems: a high accident rate, poor 2011.
maintenance, and serious traffic violations, the key • Increase revenue by 41% from May to Aug,2011
reasons for which being fragmented ownership, • Incentives for the private operators and also
inherited revenue risk, un-restricted competition, and allowing government controls
lack of monitoring capabilities. To remedy these • Unified timetable increases customer
problems, the scheme of Corporatization of Private satisfaction.
Stage Carriage service with restructuring of private
operations towards sustainable transport was initiated
by GNCTD by appointing DIMTS Ltd. as an Integrated Project Cost
Mechanism. The 657 bus routes were bunched into 17 The costs of the project are funded 60% by the GNCTD,
distinct clusters, in which operations for certain routes and 40% by the private operators.
are bided out to private operators. In these clusters,
DTC continues to operate its own buses along the same
routes as these orange “cluster buses.” The ratio of
fleet share in each cluster is in the ratio of 60:40 (DTC
:Concessionaire). The buses are operated on a gross
cost model, where the operator is paid Rs. 30 per km of
operation and the fare revenue collected goes to a
dedicated fund that is managed by DIMTS. The first
cluster of 100 buses started operation in May 2011,
being operated by Star Bus Private Limited.The unified
time table with common pricing (fare structure)
regulated by the Government and common pass(issued
by DTC) has earned commuters’ satisfaction in the city
services.
Cluster Buses
Key Features-low floor buses, central control room, Sources of Revenue
electronic display, GPS technology, gross cost model,
unified timetable Major sources of revenue for the system are through
sale of tickets.

Ticket earning per bus/day-gross,May-August,2011:

31
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Months Earning per bus/day(approx in Rs) Project replication at any other areas
May-11 6,000
June-11 7,000 for its success
July-11 7,500
The project has received its recognition by the Planning
Aug -11 8,500
commission of India and the Government officials of
Operation and Maintenance Cost Ministry of Urban Development for its replication in the
other states of the country for its success.
Operating profit as percentage to operation cost is Rs.
500/- per bus per dayw.e.f2011 after initial phase of
stabilization excluding capital/fixed cost. Operation and
maintenance costs are borne by the private bus On board ticket
collecting machine
operators.

Current status of the project

657 DTC routes are grouped into 17 clusters. The
Concession agreement for clusters 1-5 have already
been entered into between Delhi Gov’t and
concessionaires for operation of 913 buses with a
provision to increase number up to 1370. At present,
cluster numbers 1-5 are in operation with 581 cluster
buses out of the original 913 buses at time of writing. 80
Benefits of the project
more are under registration. Codal formalities for
clusters 6-9 with 1551 buses have also been completed
and award of work is in pipeline. Physical Parameters

Award of Excellence Ridership: Average number of passengers, from May-

July, 2011 shows an increase:
The Project has received an award for “Commendable
Emerging New Initiative for PPP in Urban Transport“
Sl.No. Month Avg. Ridership
from the Ministry of Urban Development in the year (passengers/per bus/day)
2011. 1. . May-11 709
2. Jun-11 842
3. July-11 959
4. Aug-11 1000

Improvement in travel speeds: The average travel

speeds of the buses have shown an increase due to
introduction of advanced technology and trained staff.

Reduction in accidents: Regular Monitoring of

buses/staff and periodic training programme for the
drivers has helped in reduction of accidents. For
example, from May 2011 to August 2011 there were no
Central control room for operations fatal accidents.

32
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Financial Parameters “Public transport system in North and West Delhi areas is all
set to improve as 50 semi low- floor buses were on Monday
Operated on a gross-cost PPP model, the cluster bus introduced under the ambitious cluster bus service to be
operated by private parties under PPP model.
scheme strikes an effective, sustainable balance
between providing incentives for the private operators
With induction of the 50 buses, the number of buses under
to maintain high levels of service while simultaneously
the cluster service has gone up to 150. The first cluster service
allowing the government the ability to monitor the was launched in May for South Delhi areas. “
operations and administer controls when needed.
Source-http://zeenews.india.comdated14th November,2011.
Environmental Parameters
Sources:

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: low floor buses • e-paper of The Indian Express dated 20th
meeting Euro Stage–IV emissions standards have been March,2013.
introduced in lieu of existing Blueline buses with Euro II. (http://www.indianexpress.com/news/cm-flags-off-
12-cluster-
Other benefits: buses/1090522/)http://zeenews.india.comdated 14
thNovember,2011.(
• No competition on the road between private and
(http://zeenews.india.com/news/delhi/cluster-buses-
government owned buses.
introduced-in-north-west-delhi_741843.html)
• Timely and reliable services by professionally • Site Visit
managed bus operation. • Meeting with G.M –Bus cluster operations and other
• Unified timetable to ensure no unhealthy officials of DIMTS
competition.
• Lastly, no revenue risk because of the gross cost
model.

Public Responses

The project gained importance in many of the leading

news papers Like Indian Express, Times of India and The
Hindu. Leading television channel Zee News also covered
the cluster bus project.

“Last mile Orange buses to improve connectivity to Metro

stations.

Passengers from South, Central and Old Delhi will be able to

avail the services of more cluster buses as Chief Minister
Sheila Dikshit flagged off 12 buses on Tuesday.

Six buses each will operate on route 403 and 445 under
Cluster-2 and will provide connectivity to Metro stations. This
will take the total number of cluster buses operating in Delhi
to 501.”

Source: e-paper of The Indian Express dated 20th

March,2013.

33
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Operation of Modern Low Floor Key Benefits

Buses on PPP for Bhopal City • Increase in ridership by 79% from Feb 2011
to Feb 2012.
Project Brief Description • Increase in earnings per km by 21% from
Aug 2011 to Aug 2012.
Bhopal, being the capital and second largest city of
• Reduction in accidents to 0.13 fatal
Madhya Pradesh, has been transforming to a
accidents/1 lakh vehicle kilometres
multifunctional regional growth centre. In 2009, Bhopal
Municipal Corporation (BMC) received sanctions for
purchase of 225 modern low floor buses under JnNURM. Project Cost
Efficient operation of these new buses was a challenge
to BMC and thus it was decided to run the new buses The acquisition and operation of modern low floor buses
under PPP. Bhopal City Link Limited (BCLL), an SPV under is funded as follows: 50% by the Central Government,
Bhopal Municipal Corporation (BMC), is operating the 20% by Madhya State Government, and 30% by the PPP
City Bus Services in Bhopal through a private bus partner.
operator named Prasanna Purple, on net-cost model
with BMC providing the basic infrastructure and the
private partner being responsible for operation and
maintenance of the buses. The private operator has
been operating 130 buses on 8 routes. . To finance the
buses, the private contractor pays 30% of the initial cost
of the bus, as well as a monthly Rs. 5,300 deposit. In
return, the contractor is granted operating rights and
revenue from advertising. This is expected to save BMC
about Rs. 8 crore, and will further improve public
transport services in the city.

Vital statistics of project

st
Date of Operation 1 November,2010
Length/area of influence BMC limits Low floor buses
Planning/operation/Imple Prasanna Purple; Bhopal City
mentation agency Link Limited (BCLL) Sources of Revenue/Income
The SPV earns its revenue from the royalty paid by the
operator of 1.25 cr per year. Besides these the SPV earns
Key features- ITS Application, low floor buses, SPV, 20% revenue generated from sale of tickets and passes
Net cost contract, on board electronic display and 50% revenue generated from advertisements.
,CPU,ETUMs

34
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Operation and Maintenance Costs Sl.No. Month Avg. Ridership per day
1. . Feb-2011 44,607
(2012-13) 2. March-2011 44,261
3. April-2011 52,936
4. May 2011 54,720
Expenditure Rs (in crore) Percentage 5. June 2011 57,196
(%) 6. July- 2011 64,177
Staff cost 0.43 27
7. August-2011 68,376
Material cost 0.98 63
8. Feb-2012 80,000
Route authorization fee 0.01 1
EMI of upfront fee 0.08 5
Misc Expenses 0.05 4 Percentage of modal split. Based on physical surveys the
Total 1.55 100 modal split is as follows:

Current status of the project Sl.No. Modes of transport % modal split

1. 2-wheelers 6%
There are currently 130 buses operating on 8 routes
2. car 2%
(Trunk and Standard routes) in the city catering to the
3. Other modes 20%
needs of more than one lakh passengers every day. In
order to further improve the system, BMC is Improvement in travel speeds: Effective training of
implementing the BRT project on 24.0 k.m. of heavy staff, state-of-the-art technology, and the provision of
demand corridor that will come into operation by June, designated BRT lanes will increase bus travel speeds,
2013. A new fleet of fully air-conditioned buses is being leading to delay reduction and time savings.
procured which are proposed for operating in the 24 km
BRT corridor, where 82 new bus stops are planned. Reduction in accidents: Measures such as regular
BMC/BCLL has also adopted the use of Automatic monitoring of buses/staff and a periodic training
Vehicle Location System (AVLS) on all buses in its fleet programme for the drivers, along with the introduction
and also installing Passenger Information Systems (PIS) of speed control devices in the buses, are expected to
in bus stops. BMC/BCLL is also planning to provide a cause significant accident reduction.Fatal accidents/ lakh
state-of the- art ITS system. vehicle kilometre decreased from 0.25 (up to jan 2012)
to 0.13(Sept,2012).
Award of Excellence
Financial Parameters
The Project has received awards for “Excellence in Urban Earning per km: The increase in the ridership has
Transport “in “Best PPP Initiative in Urban Transport” subsequently increased the revenue generated through
from the Ministry of Urban Development in the year sale of tickets/passes. The revenue generated monthly
2011. (EPK) is as follows:
Sl.No. Months EPK(Rs.)
Benefits of the project 1. Feb-2011 20.12
2. March-2011 17.60
3. April 2011 20.95
Physical Parameters 4. May-2011 22.61
5. June 2011 24.34
Ridership: Ridership showed a significant increase 6. July-2011 25.51
7. Aug2011 26.64
throughout 2011 and 2012, as can be seen in the table
8. Sept2011 27.88
below: 9. Aug,2012 33.72

35
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

.Environmental Parameters Sources:

• Award entries nominations for year 2011.

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: Low Emission
• http://futurechallenges.org/local/searchlight/in
EURO-III technology equipped buses has added to the
dia-buses-relieving-urban-poor-in-bhopal/
deduction of GHGs. The fixtures and allied traffic
• http://bhopalmunicipal.com/Hindiversion/tenders/B
infrastructure are energy efficient.
CLL_Operator_RFP_01.06.pdf
• http://thecityfix.com/blog/advanced-bus-system-
Reduction in air and noise pollution: To a great extent, comes-to-bhopal-india-lucien-bruno/
there has been a reduction in air and noise pollution. • http://newsbhopal.wordpress.com/2012/02/29/bmc
-install-speed-governor-to-control-city-accidents-
Other benefits:Incorporation of CFL/LED at existing bus through-red-low-floor-buses/
stops and street lights and an LED based passenger
information system has otherwise contributed towards
the reduction of energy consumption.

Public Responses

With the start of bus operations in a very short span of

time services of these buses have become popular
amongst the users of Bhopal City due to its reliability,
punctuality and cleanliness which can be seen from the
increasing ridership

Bhopal, a growing city in central India, with 2.3 million

inhabitants, mostly poor and working class, has
transformed its transportation in recent years. The city
has launched aggressive plans to improve road
conditions and public transportation, which are now
being studied by other cities. If Bhopal sets a trend, an
acute problem faced by India’s growing number of small
cities may be relieved. The Bhopal Municipal
Corporation has implemented a complete mobility plan
for the city.The municipal corporation has established
Bhopal City Link Limited to purchase buses and awarded
the contract to a single private operator to run the
service for five years. The municipal corporation has
purchased over 200 buses for this purpose. Thus the
local government can take care of the capital costs
without running the business, which is left to the private
sector on transparent conditions.

Source: e-paper on India Buses Relieving Urban Poor in

th
Bhopal, dated 27 Oct,2011.

36
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Vadodara City Bus Service

Key Benefits:

• Increased ridership by 133% from 2009-2010.

Project Brief Description
• Increased revenue generation by Rs 1 crore
The city of Vadodara, population 4.1 million, has per year for VMSS.
recently experienced high rates of personalized • Reduction of air and noise pollution
transport – 60% of the modal share going to two-
wheelers and 25% going to private cars - and increasing
vehicle ownership (at a rate of 8-9% per year). Due in
part to this trend, and in part to inefficient Key Features- CNG Buses, fare reduction, PPP,
infrastructure, between 2003 to 2005, the city bus stop advertisement
decreased their bus service, in terms of both frequency
and number of buses. Realizing that reliable public
transit would be needed to ensure sustainable growth, Project Cost
the city followed the example of other systems and used
The costs of this project include bus procurement,
a PPP model – a beneficial partnership between
training of staff, office infrastructure, and bus
Vadodara Mahanagar Seva Sadan (VMSS) and the
maintenance. The cost is estimated at Rs. 2.8 crore.
private firms Vtocs Private Ltd and In & Out Advertise
These costs are borne by VMSS,Vtocs Private Ltd. and In
Private Ltd. By 2009, 120 new Compressed Natural
& Out Advertise Private Ltd.
Gases (CNG) buses were inducted and operational, with
the fleet set to expand to 250 by March 2010. 214 bus
stands are set to display advertising, generating
essential revenue for the operator. The system’s
management structure was also changed with notable
degrees of success. In addition, several new double
decker buses have recently been added to the cities bus
fleet. Seeing the success of the PPP model in other
areas of the city bus operations, a sophisiticated new
Central Bus Terminal, complete with a modern
architectural style and several brand-name shops, is
being constructed through a PPP between Singapore-
based Sphere Cube Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd and Gujarat
State Road Transport Corporation.

Vital statistics of project

A Vadodara Bus
th
Date of Operation 18 May 2008
Sources of Revenue
Length/area of Vadodara
influence Annual revenue of Rs. 0.18 crore expected from buses,
Planning/operation/ Vadodara MahanagarSevaSadan
Rs 0.82 crore expected from advertising, and Rs. 66
Implementation agency (VMSS)
thousand expected per bus stand per year from
advertising for 214 bus stands over the first five years

37
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Operation and Maintenance Cost Other benefits:

• Well-orchestrated, modern bus system –
The cited total project cost of Rs. 2.8 crore includes
leads to greater customer satisfaction, more
regular maintenance of vehicles and other operating
accessibility, and more people opting for
costs.
transit
Current status of the project • Introduction of aesthetically pleasing traffic
islands – makes the roads seem less
At time of study (2009), 101 buses were running on 41 daunting and more manageable
routes. 250 buses are expected to be in operation by
• Cheaply priced fares – discounts for
March 2010. 214 bus stands expected to contain
students, the disabled, and Service class
advertising over five year period. To date, a limited
passengers
number of double-decker buses have also been
introduced. As of April 2013, proposals were being put Public Responses
forth to invite bids for a new operating company.

Award of Excellence The prospect of riding new double-decker buses in

Gujarat was celebrated by both the public and news
The Project has received an award for “Excellence in agencies. Here the Times of India alerts the public to the
Urban Transport” in Special Awards for Organized City coming of the new buses:
Bus Service in 2008.
“The much-awaited double-decker buses will finally start
Benefits of the project plying in the city soon. Private operator Vitcos Transportation
Private Limited, which runs the city bus service, will formally
Physical Parameters inaugurate the double-decker bus service, this week.... [Vitcos
chairman HareshDodiya states] “We want to make commuting
in buses pleasurable for passengers. Also, there will be no
The operation of city bus service under the PPP model
change in the ticket rates.’”
has increased the quality and availability of service. This
Source: “Double-decker buses to hit Vadodara roads soon.
can be seen through the increased ridership, which is “The Times of India, 6 May 2012
expected to be 350,000 per day by March 2010; at time
of study (2009) current ridership was 150,000 per day.
Financial Parameters Sources:

• “Vadodara City Bus Service.” Urban Transport

• Annual revenue of Rs. 1,855,000 expected
Initiatives in India: Best Practices in PPP. National
• Total income of VMSS increased by Rs. 1 crore per Institute of Urban Affairs. Pp 124-134
year • http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/D
• Rs. 8,258,400 expected from advertising ouble-decker-buses-to-hit-Vadodara-roads-
• Rs. 66,600 expected per bus stand per year from soon/articleshow/13025077.cms?intenttarget=no#.U
advertising for 214 bus stands over the first five cfqLvUUG8E.email
years • http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vadodara/Va
Environmental Parameters dodara-Municipal-Corporation-to-invite-fresh-bids-
for-bus-
service/articleshow/19522337.cms?intenttarget=no#
Reduction in air and noise pollution: Use of CNG, a
.UcfmjrSvm4E.email
cleaner, safer fuel than standard diesel – leads to
reduced health care costs, as well as increasing the
overall aesthetic appeal of the city.
38
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

G-Auto, Rajkot Vital statistics of project

Date of Operation 13th July 2012

Project Brief Description P P

Length/area of influence Rajkot City

The Gujarat city of Rajkot has a transport network Seed funding/management: RMC
heavily dependent on two-wheelers and auto Planning/operation/ Implementation: Nirmal
rickshaws,. To combat this problem and make the auto Implementation agency Foundation (under the name G-
Auto)
experience more enjoyable, the Rajkot Municipal Advice and Support: EMBARQ
Corporation (RMC), together in a PPP with the Nirmal India
Foundation implementing the “G-Auto” rickshaw
scheme that began in Ahmedabad, and has since spread Project Cost
to other Gujarat cities such as Gandhi Nagar and Baroda.
RMC provided an initial amount of.Rs 5 lakh to start the
The G-Auto system organizes rickshaws into a branded project.
and marketed fleet, thus necessitating greater
operational accountability, leading to quality, reliable Sources of Revenue
service. G-Autos are driven by trained professionals and
G-Autos receive revenue from fares and advertising,
charge passengers government-regulated fares on a
which covers the cost of operations and basic
meter basis. In addition, as part of the project, an on-
maintenance.
call option is also being made available – one of the first
times this has been implemented in India. Prospective
passengers need only dial a number to arrange
convenient pickup by one of the city’s G-Autos. Initially,
50 rickshaws were available to passenger’s on-call, 24
hours a day, with up to 500 within a year. The system
promises to be socially and economically sustainable as
passengers are ensured fair, consistent fares, and auto
drivers receive accident and health insurance, along with
steady employment. Also, by incorporating IT such as
online booking and online customer feedback forums,
the revolutionary G-Auto scheme promises to improve
India’s IPT sector. Fleet of G-Autos

Key Features:-on call rickshaw, organized fleet

Current status of the project
utilization, branding, marketing, better customer
services 50 on-call rickshaws were initially deployed, with a total
of 500 set to be in operation within one year of the
project’s inception. Approximately 10,000 G-Autos are
in operation throughout Gujarat.
Key Benefits-

• Inclusive development Award of Excellence

• Better accountability to commuters The Project was selected as one of 15 finalists for the
• Financially sound system “SMART Mobility Enter Prize” award from the University
of Michigan and the Rockefeller Foundation.

39
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Project replication at any other areas harmful emissions compared to standard combustion
engines.
for its success
Reduction in air and noise pollution: The G-Autos
The project has been termed as highly replicable, due to receive frequent maintenance and are kept in good
the effective marketing of the scheme, and the working order, leading to cleaner, quiet operations.
importance of auto rickshaws in nearly all sizeable
Indian cities. G-Autos are set to be implemented in Other benefits:Many other positive outcomes have
Surat and Chennai. been observed from this project, including:

• The successful G-Auto scheme has a high degree

of reliability
• Safer operations have led to a reported decrease
in accidents
• Decrease in congestion as more people opt for
auto as a mode of travel

Public Responses
The new G-Autos, ready for passengers
The Rajkot G-Auto scheme received coverage in several
Future Plans national newspapers, particularly in the Times of India.
The city plans to increase the number of G-Autos with RMC commissioner Ajay Bhadoo is quoted describing
the on-call feature to 500 by mid-2013. Already present the system as follows:
in a number of cities in Gujarat, G-Auto hopes to have
“Our aim is to improve the informal public transport system in
50,000 autos in operation throughout the state, with
city through a fleet auto rickshaw service. We want to
long-term hopes of 1,000,000 autos carrying 30 million
organize the existing auto rickshaws into fleet-based service,
passengers per day nationwide by 2020. operating under a common brand name and meeting certain
minimum service and performance requirements.”
Benefits of the project
Physical Parameters Source: Parmar, Vijaysinh. “G-auto services launched in
Rajkot.” The Times of India, 13 Jul 2012
G-Auto has been growing steadily in Rajkot, and
Sources:
throughout Gujarat State. With the goal of the entire G-
• http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-
Auto fleet carrying 30 million passengers per day by
10/rajkot/32617448_1_g-auto-autorickshaw-drivers-
2020, G-Autos promise to relieve congestion and nirmal-foundation
improve travel speeds for residents in Gujarat. • http://www.rushlane.com/fleet-auto-rickshaw-
Financial Parameters service-launched-in-rajkot-1239518.html
G-Auto drivers earn on average Rs. 750 per day, 50% • http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-
more than the standard auto drivers’ fare of Rs. 500, due 13/rajkot/32662825_1_g-auto-auto-rickshaw-nirmal-
to the efficient branding of the quality fleet foundation
Environmental Parameters • http://www.nrigujarati.co.in/Topic/172/1/g-auto-
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: G-Autos run on rajkot-auto-on-call-fleet-auto-rickshaw-launch-in-
the clean-burning CNG fuel, lessening the amount of rajkot-gujarat.html
• http://thecityfix.com/blog/qa-with-akshay-mani-
rajkots-new-auto-rickshaw-fleet/

40
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Traffic Transit Management Key benefits:

Centres, Bangalore • Efficient land use and integration

• Financially sustainable system
Project Brief Description • Convenience for commuters

Bangalore – a city of 8.5 million – has taken a

commendable step towards inclusive Transit-Oriented
Development in its bus stations. By constructing 10 Key Features-Transit oriented development,multi
modern, mixed-use Traffic Transit Management Centres modal integration, mixed land use, commercial real
(TTMCs), the city provides a needed space for estate,PPP,Bus terminal,parking
multimodal integration under one roof. Users can now
park their cars and board a bus in one location, making Sources of Revenue
public transport easier and more attractive. The upper
floors of these depots are leased out for commercial The multi-use bus depots receive revenue from leasing
purposes, generating revenue for BMTC which can be office and commercial space to private firms. As depot
used for upkeep or elsewhere in the bus system. As this occupancy rates rise and initial investments are
project embodies many of the core principles of the completed, the scheme is expected to add to BMTC’s
National Urban Transport Policy, including promotion of annual profits.
public transport and encouraging integration between
Operation and Maintenance Cost
transport modes, it is a development strategy that other
Indian cities would do well to follow. Upkeep of the stations is made possible through funds
generated by the commercial real estate leases.
Vital statistics of project
Date of Completion 4th December 2011
Length/area of Bangalore City
influence
Planning/operation/ Bangalore Metropolitan
Implementation Transport Corporation (BMTC)
agency

Project Cost
Cost of 10 TTMCs

Figures(CroreRs) % One of the TTMC-Bangalore

Cost to Central 167.65 35
Government Current status of the project
Cost To State 71.85 15
10 TTMCs have been constructed and are in use, with
Government
Cost to BMTC 239.5 50
future TTMCs in the bidding or planning stages.

Total 479 100 Project replication at any other areas

for its success
The successful introduction of the first 10 TTMCs has
caused BMTC to begin planning for the introduction of
several more on the same model. This method of
41
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

transit-oriented development has seen success • Promotion of public transport – providing

elsewhere in the world, proving it to be highly replicable. modern, attractive facilities should lead more to
As such, many cities across India are likely to employ use the city’s exemplary bus system
similar strategies when designing new stations. • Convenience – placing commercial uses, bus
depots, and parking within the same building
Future Plans saves time and hassle for users
Further TTMCs have been approved on a PPP basis, with • Congestion reduction – efficient traffic flow in
the possible construction of as many as 35 in the coming and out of the TTMCs eases congestion in the
years. city

Public Responses

The TTCMs have received positive attention in several

newspapers. The Deccan Herald describes the uses and
benefits of the stations:

The inauguration of Shanthinagar TTMC “The construction of this swanky futuristic bus station was
taken up under [part of JnNURM package grant to BMTC]. The
TTMC is equipped with a ‘Park and Ride’ facility for people to
Benefits of the project drive in, leave their cars/two-wheelers, board a bus and head
Physical Parameters for office. The idea is to offer facilities that pave way for
The project has been reported to have increased the decongestion of roads. The TTMC will also house a multi-level
parking lot, mini-shopping centres, food courts, Bangalore
ridership of BMTC, but exact figures for these
One kiosks, ATMs and other utilities.”
parameters attributable to the TTMCs are as yet
unavailable. Source: Dhaneshkar, S Praveen. “City’s first TTMC to open
Financial Parameters soon.” The Deccan Herald, 2009

The project is financially sustainable, as commercial

office space is leased out for profit. The Economic Sources:
Internal Rate of Return is given as 8.6%. • http://www.deccanherald.com/content/13638/
citys-first-ttmc-open-soon.html
Environmental Parameters • Submission for MoUD Best Practice award,
BMTC
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: As more opt for • http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.ph
public transport, and thus lessen the number of vehicles p?t=1308395
on Bangalore streets, emissions will decrease. • http://bangaloreinfraplus.blogspot.in/2011/06/
bangalore-traffic-and-transit.html
Reduction in air and noise pollution:As with greenhouse • http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1734902/r
gas emissions, as more shift toward public transport, air eport-ksrtc-planning-leases-for-more-revenue
and noise pollution will decrease.

Other benefits: Many other positive outcomes have

been observed from this project, including:

42
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Non Motorized Transport

43
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Fazilka Eco Cabs-Dial –A-

Key Benefits:
Rickshaw Project
• Door step pick up
• Zero accidents
Project Brief Description • Saving of 1500 litres of fuel per day
Fazilka, a smallIndian border town with a population • Provision of livelihood to rickshaw pullers
of less than 100,000, has initiated a revolutionary
system that reinvents the way we travel by rickshaw.
The system is called Ecocabs- traditional Indian cycle Key Features- dial a rickshaw services, database
rickshawsthat have been reimagined with an exciting management, mobile site, eco cab centre locator,
new capability:the organization of an entire rickshaw online registration
network through telephones, where passengers “dial-
a-rickshaw” each time they want a ride. Fazilka is the
first city in the world to implement such a system.
Ecocabs provide doorstep service through the
network of call centres, similar to a dial-a-cab/taxi
service. It was introduced in order to bridge the gap
between demand and supply in a system that needed
para transit modes to complement the standard
public transport. Using the latest transportation
management and technological tools, Ecocabs were
conceptualized with the idea to strengthen the
existing unorganized network of cycle rickshaws, and
to promote them as an affordable, sustainable means
of short-distance travel.The project is divided into Nano model
Phases I and II: Phase I seeks to improve general
accessibility and initiate the project, while Phase II
Project Cost
entails improving the quality of rickshaws while
maintaining the same low cost of use.

Vital statistics of project Cost of Project

Figures Percentage(%)
Date of Operation 20th June 2008 (Rs in lakh)
Length/area of influence Fazilka RBI loan(state 5 62.5
Planning/operation/ Graduates Welfare government)
Implementation agency Association Fazilka, Charity/prize money 3 37.5
The FazilkaEcocabs
Total Cost 8 100
Welfare Association
and
Punjab Tourism

44
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sources of Revenue
The revenue earned from the sources listed below
goes back to the operators/traction men for the
repayment of loan on ecocabs and for the smooth
operation of ecocabs.

Operator
Rs (per month) Percentage
(%)
Rentals 60,000 55
Advertisement 50,000 45
Total Revenue 1,10,050 100

Second Fleet of Eco cabs launched

Operation and Maintenance Costs
• with the generous support of the Rockefeller
(2011)
Foundation.

Expenditure Rs.(per month) Percenatage Project replication at any other areas

(%) for its success
Management 5,000 50
Cost The project has been implemented in 22 cities of
O & M Cost 5,000 50 Punjab and Haryana, including Union Territory,
Total 10,000 100
Chandigarh. Punjab Government through Punjab
Heritage and Tourism Board and District
Administration Amritsar has already implemented
Current status of the project
Ecocabs in the city of Amritsar and subsequently in
At present there are a total of 400 eco cabs for the Patiala with help of Patiala Foundation under the
city of Fazilka, out of which approximately 300 are in name “green cabs.” The project is about to be
operation. Both Phases I and II have been completed launched in the month of June, 2013 at Chandigarh,
for the city. These tasks of expansion of operations Greater Kailash area of New Delhi and Gurgaon.
with local partners, providing the operators with
relevant training, and assisting operators with Benefits of the project
financing are also being done simultaneously.

Physical Parameters
Award of Excellence U

• The Project has received an Award for Ridership: Approximately 6 million passenger trips per
Excellence in “Best NMT Project‘’ in the year day are made by Ecocabs in Punjab. Daily about
2011 by Ministry of Urban development. 10,000 passengers use the ecocabs in the city of
• For the year 2012, Fazilka Ecocabs venture Fazilka.
qualified in the World's Top 15 for MobiPrize.
Mobiprize is an award for entrepreneurial
ventures in sustainable transportation, created
by the University of Michigan SMART initiative

45
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Reduction in accidents: Only 2 fatalities resulting • Jawala Bai Nathgu Ram Educational and
from rickshaw use per year have reported in Punjab, Charitable Trust offered free education to their
with reportedly no accidents in Fazilka. children of ecocab operators.
• Promotion of sustainability awareness –
Environmental Parameters
people are encouraged to think of their own
carbon footprint, and the carbon savings
possible when travelling by Eco cab

Public Responses
This Fazilka rickshaw system has become a model for
developing countries around the world pursuing
sustainable development. The project has been
featured on headlines in many news papers and
media outlets like Indian Express, Times of India and
India Today:
New Eco cabs stand at Fazilka
“Fazilka is not the last place of the country but on Monday
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: Unlike it seemed to be the first destination in the world’s journey
autorickshaws and other motorized vehicles, Ecocabs’ towards greener transport when a global conference in
cycle rickshaws produce no harmful greenhouse Africa opened with the city’s Ecocabs story.” As such, the
gases. scheme is likely to spur many similar projects around the
globe.
Reduction in air and noise pollution: Ecocabs produce Source: Gaurav Sagar, Hindustan Times. “Fazilka’s green
zero noise and air pollution. In addition, on average design becomes world’s envy” 25 Oct 2012
one Eco cab saves about 3 litres of fuel per day as it is
propelled with pedal power instead of traditional
fuels. In Fazilka alone, 500 Eco cabs save about 1,500
Sources:
litre of fuel per day, while Haryana and Punjab states
• Presenstation by Navdeep Asija on “Fazilka
each save a total of 900,000 litres of fuel per day, th
ecocabs;Last mile connectivity-UM-2B.” 4
translating to annual earnings of Rs 8.75 lakhs in
Dec,2011.
carbon credits. • Fazilka ecocabs- case Study by Navdeep Asija,2010
• Meeting with founder and secretary of Ecocabs
Other benefits: • UMI Award Enrtries -2011.
• BSNL joined as telecom partner and offered
900 free SIM cards under a pre paid close user
group plan with free CUG calling and lifetime
validity.
• 10 specialists’ doctors and nursing homes are
giving free medical treatments to Ecocab
operators.
• 6 lawyers are providing free legal aid to ecocab
operators

46
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Green Bike-Ambedkar Nagar to Key Benefits:

Moolchand,Delhi • Increased ridership by 80% from 2010-2013.

• Reduce accidents by 99%.
• 6 litres of petrol saving by two wheelers
Project Brief Description
• Promotion of healthy lifestyles
The population of Delhi is on a trajectory for massive
population growth over the coming years, from the
138 lakhs recorded in the 2001 census to 230 lakhs by Key Features- cycle feeder, green bike, build own
2021. Correspondingly, the number of motorized transfer, cycle rentals, membership
vehicles on Delhi’s roads has also increased and by
2021 Delhi will have to cater to 287 lakhs trips/day.
This has resulted in lowering the share allotted to Project Cost
public transport and bicycles – an pressing issue in a
city where nearly 10% of road accidents victims are The total project cost is Rs. 36.5 lakh, all of which is
cyclists. To make the new BRT corridor of Delhi eco- borne by the private sector PPP partner.
friendly, encourage changes in legislation, refine
policy guidelines, and promote cycle use in Delhi, the
“Green Bike” project was initiated by Delhi Integrated
Multimodal Transit System (DIMTS) - a joint venture
company of Government of National Capital Territory,
Delhi. A standard bike sharing scheme, cyclists can
rent a cycle at one of the stations along the BRT
corridor and return it to one of the stations when
finished. The Delhi BRT/cycling corridor, containing a
designated cycle lane, is 14.5 kms long and runs from
Ahmedkar Nagar to Delhi Gate. This was the first
initiative in Delhi (and also the whole country) which
seeks to integrate a bus-based transport system with
cycling. To date DIMTS has constructed 9 cycle rental Green Bike Stands
stations through the Build–Own-Transfer (BOT) PPP
model for a period of 5 years at the following
Sources of Revenue (2012)
locations: Ambedkar Nagar, Sheikh Sarai, Chirag Delhi,
Siri Fort, Andrews Ganj, Moolchand, Defence Colony,
Pant Nagar, and High Court. A total of 10 cycles are The revenue accrued by the operator comes from the
following sources:
available at each station, with rental rates Rs. 10 for 4
hours, and Rs. 5 for every hour after that. • 95% - Advertisements
• 1% - cycle rental fees
Vital statistics of project • 4% - other sources

th
Date of Operation 14 December,2009
Length/area of influence Delhi BRT corridor-Ambedkarnagar–
Moolchand
Planning/operation/ Planning & Implementation:
Implementation agency DIMTS.
Operation: Planet Advertising

47
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Operation and Maintenance Cost

(2012)

Expenditure Rs (in lakhs) %

Infrastructure/Buses 17.4 66
Staff 6.72 25
Misc Expenses 2.41 9
Total 26.53 100

Current status of the project

The Green Bike program is operating with notable
degrees of success – rentals are increasing and overall
customer satisfaction has been reported.
Bike-users renting “green bikes”
Award of Excellence
The Project has received the Award of Excellence in
Benefits of the project
“Best Non-Motorized Transport Project‘’ in the year
2010 by Ministry of Urban Development.
Physical Parameters
U

Ridership: Annual ridership of 28000-30000 has been

estimated by DIMTS Survey. In the last week of April
2013 alone, 642 cycles were rented, according to the
DIMTS survey. During the same month, across the
whole Green Bike network, an average of 91 cycles
were rented per day. The number of rentals per month
for the entire network is given in the table below:

Sl.No. Month Rentals per Month

1. Feb-2013 2,267
2. March-2013 2,869
3. April-2013 2,738
Mian sources of revenue-advertisements
Improvement in travel speeds: It has been observed
Project replication at any other areas through study done by DIMTS that there has been an
increase in travel speeds by 15%.
for its success
The project has been extended from the initial five Reduction in Accidents: There has been a reduction in
cycle stations to include an additional four stations accidents by 99%.
between Moolchand and National Stadium.
Environmental Parameters
U

Currently around 90 people are using the Green Bike

service per day, out of which 50% own two wheelers
and four wheelers. If it is assumed that commuters

48
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

were earlier using two wheelers for to and fro, that Sources:
will generate 60 trips in a day, or 300 kms distance. • Megha Suri Singh, Times of India, 10 Dec 2009,
“From Monday, rent a cycle &avoid the BRT jam”.
On this basis per day savings by two-wheelers will be • Site visit
6 litres of petrol on a stretch of just 5.8 kms. • Meeting with the VP BRT & Operations, and other
Therefore, as more motorists decide to opt for cycling officials at DIMTS
for their commutes, there will be reduction in
greenhouse gases and air pollution. In addition,
lessening motorized vehicle trips in favour of cycling
will help curtail noise pollution.

Other benefits:
• Cycling is a form of aerobic exercise, allowing
riders to burn calories and get in valuable daily
exercise during their commutes.
• Sustainability Awareness – bike riders become
more aware of issues of sustainability, and the
need to promote non-motorized transport
• Rentals fees are quite low, allowing city
residents from a variety of socio-economic
backgrounds to be able to enjoy cycling

Public Responses
A survey was conducted by GTZ on the customers
from BRT rental stations. It was found that majority of
the people use cycles for practical reasons. Moreover,
cycles were considered the fastest travel mode in
which to complete their trips. Half of the users
described themselves as “regular users,”renting more
than once a week. Customer satisfaction rates topped
99% with customers saying they would rent again.

Green Bike has also received a lot of attention in the

news – the Times of India celebrates the system in the
article “From Monday, rent a cycle & avoid the BRT
jam,” quoted here:

“Lots of people stop at the stand after seeing the cycles and
enquire about the facility. I have also had people wanting
to rent the cycles.”

Sources: Megha Suri Singh, Times of India, 10 Dec 2009,

“From Monday, rent a cycle &avoid the BRT jam”

49
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Dipbahan Rickhaw Bank Project Key Benefits:

Project Brief Description • Easier to use for the elderly and children
• .Reduction in green house gas emissions
Rickshaws are an indispensable part of the Indian
• Sustainable livelihood to rickshaw pullers.
urban transportation infrastructure, satisfying
localized transportation demand in areas mass transit
cannot. However, because of the steep rents Key Features- rickshaw loan bank, poverty
associated with using cycle rickshaws, many (approx. alleviation, sustainable livelihood
95%) of India’s 8 million rickshaw pullers are forced to
use a large portion of the money collected from fares
on daily rentals of their rickshaws. Consequently, Project Cost
pullers often go through their whole lives without
ever owning a rickshaw, unable to save enough The project cost has been estimated at Rs. 3 crore. In
money for essentials such as medicine, housing, or addition, in north Bengal, there are proposed
school for their children. To help alleviate this cycle of subsidies from the government of Rs. 5000 to each
poverty, the innovative Dipbahan Rickshaw Bank puller who switches to the new rickshaws.
Project has been started with three main principles in
mind: “to remove the constraints of the targeted
community,”“to increase earning capacity,” and “to
ensure sustainability and scalability of the program.”
Costing Rs. 7,000 for a basic rickshaw and Rs. 12,000
for the advanced version, these affordable, strong,
and lightweight rickshaws were designed by the
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati. The
rickshaws are provided to rickshaw pullers through
microcredit loans, whereby the pullers pay off the
loan each day inRs. 25 instalments, eventually DipbahanRickshaw
acquiring total ownership. Dipbahan operators earn
much more than their standard counterparts - up to Sources of Revenue
Rs. 500 per day, compared with a meagre Rs. 50. The rickshaw bank is funded by private companies
Upon loan repayment, pullers are free to reinvest who pay for the advertising space on the back of each
their revenue generated from fares in their rickshaws rickshaw, with ad revenues of up to Rs. 7000 being
or for other essentials such as medicine, schooling for reported for each rickshaw. Loans of Rs. 13,000 to
their children, and housing. cover the rickshaws are paid through instalments by
the pullers themselves.
Vital statistics of project
Operation and Maintenance

Date of Operation November 2004 Rickshaw pullers are grouped together in fives and
Length/area of Various cities in Assam, Tripura, made guarantors of each other. Five such groups were
influence West Bengal, Manipur, Tamil assigned to a rickshaw garage for maintenance of the
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and Gujarat
Dipbahans and collection of daily repayment amount.
Planning/operation/I Center for Rural Development,
mplementation Assam; M/s Tim Steel Innovative, The total amount received is then reinvested for
agency Guwahati fabrication of more Dipbahans

50
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

• Lowered floor(from 21.5 in to 17 in) - easier to

use for the elderly and children
• Socially sustainable – rickshaw pullers gaining
full control of their livelihoods allows for a
more equitable system for all parties involved
• Safety – new, stronger rickshaws are less prone
to accidents and breakdowns

Public Responses
Dipbahan Rickshaws
This project has received a lot of press coverage, with
general approval and positive expectations for the
coming years. West Bengal Chief Minister Buddhadeb
Current status of the project
Bhattacharjee acknowledged the need to replace the
As of December 2012, there were 5000 Diphabans old rickshaws, calling them “inhuman.”
running in Assam, with further implementation
planned. Of this figure, 1700 rickshaw pullers had The Dipbahans also featured in the articles of
been able to pay off all loans and acquire complete newspapers like Assam Tribune and Business
control of their rickshaws. As the first Dipbahan Standards. A quote from the Assam Tribune is given
model proved successful, the second-generation below:
Dipbahan Plus was developed as well. In addition, “More than 5,500 people have been supported by the
12,000-14,000 are in use in the Uttar Pradesh cities of rickshaw and momo carts developed by us,” said Sarma.
Lucknow, Varanasi, and Allahabad.
The new Dip Bahans have front light, back light and a light
Award of Excellence above the passenger seat, apart from the FM radio and
mobile charger. These solar powered facilities also have
• The Project has received an award for three days power backup to tide over a situation in the
“Excellence in Urban Transport” in Best Cycle event of bad weather.
Rickshaw/Cycle Transport in 2008.
• Awarded as a laureate of the Flextronics Source: e-paper on Dip Bahans now fitted with solar
th
lamps, FM radio, Guwahati Edition,11 January,2011.
Economic Development Award
Sources:
Benefits of the project
• http://www.assamfoundation.net/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=77:ric
Environmental Parameters kshawbankpressrelease-
08oct11&catid=39:project-news
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: The cycle • http://www.iitg.ac.in/design/portfolio/akd/di
operated Dipbahan rickshaws do not run on fuel, and pbahan_plus.html
hence produce no harmful greenhouse gas emissions. • UMI Award of Excellence submission report
Reduction in air and noise pollution: The cycle • e-paper on Dip Bahans now fitted with solar
rickshaws are quiet due to the lack of a motor, helping lamps, FM radio, Guwahati Edition,11th
to lessen the transportation noise pollution. January,2011.(http://www.assamtribune.com
Other benefits /scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jan1112/city07)
• 20% lighter than standard rickshaws – easier to • http://www.projectsjugaad.com/tag/cycle-
pedal for the driver rickshaw/

51
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

NMT Implementation in Key Benefits:

Visakhapatnam City • CO2 reduction by 48.54 kg per day

• Reduced fuel consumption y 500 litres per day
Project Brief Description • Promotion of healthy lifestyle

Visakhapatnam, a city of 1.7 million in Andhra

Pradesh, has been previously listed as one of the ten
most polluted cities in India. Due to the presence of Key Features- public awareness, cycling lanes,
several heavy industries, mining, and rapid vehicle vehicle free zones, leadership
growth - 8% per year for cars and 10.5% per year for
two-wheelers – the city has experienced deteriorating
air quality. According to a 2007 study, the number of
vehicles had grown to 4.57 lakh, with 73% of that
number two-wheelers, 12% cars, 6% autos, and 1%
public buses, with the result that over 85% of vehicles
in the city are for personalized transit. However,
things are beginning to change with a program that
promotes non-motorized transport (NMT) in the city.
As part of this program, the city has implemented a 5
km special vehicle-free zone and three designated
cycling areas. In addition, environmental awareness
campaigns and visible actions on the part of Greater
Visakhapatnam Metropolitan Corporation(GVMC)
staff – for example on Mondays staff are required to
cycle or use public transport for all their travel -
promise to change the city’s troubled environmental Sidewalk in Visakhapatnam
record. Already bicycle sales have skyrocketed, and
Maintenance Cost
pedestrians are making use of the new NMT facilities,
leading city officials to plan a further 11.6 km of cycle Standard maintenance and upkeep of the NMT
paths. network is provided for by GVMC.

Vital statistics of project

Current status of the project

Date of Operation November 2011 As of 2012, the project has been fully implemented,
Length/area of influence Visakhapatnam city and the cycling example set by the employees of
Greater
GVMC has been copied by other organizations.
Planning/operation/Implementation Visakhapatnam
agency Metropolitan
Corporation

52
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Future Plans
Plans have been made to implement a further 11.6 km
of cycle paths throughout the city.

Benefits of the project

Environmental Parameters

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: CO2 is

reported to have been reduced by 48.54 kg per day Sidewalk along Beach Road in Visakhapatnam
due to the lessening of motor vehicles plying city
streets. Bank, and the Ministry of Urban Development. The
Hindu describes the recognition as follows:
Reduction in air and noise pollution:According to
“Along with three other cities, Visakhapatnam ranks as ‘A’
GVMC, the project has a “positive impact of air and category city for initiating measures for using non-
noise pollution.”More and more people choosing to motorised transport. The measures taken by the
bike or walk leads to an overall quieter, cleaner corporation like introducing ‘vehicle-free zones’ and GVMC
transport network. officials not using motor vehicles on Monday have been
presented at a workshop on Institute of Transportation and
Reduction in fuel consumption:Due to more trips Development Policy.”
being made without motorized vehicles, fuel
Source: “Walker-friendly amenities mooted.” The Hindu,
consumption has been reduced by approximately 500 29 May 2012
litres per day.

Other benefits:
Sources:
• Environmental awareness – citizens and
visitors alike learn the benefits of being • UMI Award for Excellence Submission Report
environmental stewards • http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapat
• Promotion of healthy lifestyles – emphasizing nam/walkerfriendly-amenities-
NMT leads people to live more active, healthy mooted/article3468566.ece
lives
• Increased tourism – improving the city’s
image and increasing walkability will draw
more tourists to the city

Public Responses
The NMT development of Visakhapatnam has
received attention from several organizations. In
2012 it was ranked in the “A” category for its
promotion of NMT in a workshop organized by the
United Nations Development Program, the World

53
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Improvement of Movement Key Benefits:

Network in Nanded City under • Zero accidents
JNNURM • Reduction in greenhouse gases and air
pollution
• Urban renewal of city
Project Brief Description
Recognizing the need to limit vehicle use and promote
non-motorized transport (NMT), the city of Nanded
has implemented a project that seeks to embody the
phrase “Roads are for people.” This is achieved by
segregating slow and fast moving vehicles, and
providing designated safe spaces for pedestrians in
the form of foot paths. Street vendors, trees, and
street lights are all carefully placed along the road side
to create a “boulevard” feel, effectively separating
motorized and non-motorized traffic. In addition, the
project also includes riverfront developments, a new
sewage system and treatment plant, a new hospital NMT lanes and Footpaths
and museum, the conversion of an airstrip to a
complete airport, and improvements to the railway Project Cost
station. A big impetus for the project was the 300th
anniversary celebration in Nanded of the consecration
of the Sikh Guru Granth Sahib in 2008. This project Figures Percentage (%)
deals with 38 roads varying from 9 m to 30 m in (Rs. crore)
Cost to Central 220.84 80
width, together constituting 50 out of the city’s total Government
of 400 km. As part of the redevelopment, the city has Cost To State 27.61 10
implemented 28 km of cycle track, and has shown Government
remarkable adherence to the principles outlined in Cost to Urban Local 27.61 10
Bodies
the National Urban Transport Policy.
Total Cost 276.05 100

Vital statistics of project

Date of Operation DPR approved 25/10/06;
most works completed by Maintenance Cost
Sept 2008
Standard maintenance and upkeep of the NMT
Length/area of influence 28 kms network is provided for by NandedWaghala City
Planning/operation/ NandedWaghala City Municipal Corporation.
Implementation agency Municipal Corporation
Current status of the project

Key Features traffic segregation, multi-utility zone, The project’s planning stages have been completed,
streetlights, efficient road design, footpaths, urban with the DPR approved under JnNURM. Construction
renewal and operation is estimated at 95% completion.

54
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

• Formation of Green City Club – the

introduction of lots of new greenery has
caused people to form the environmentally-
friendly group
• Urban renewal – a variety of infrastructure
improvements, such as those in the sewer
system, water system, and riverfront areas,
leads to more comfortable urban lifestyles
• Greater intercity and interstate travel
capabilities – upgrading the airport and train
Proposed Traffic Calming
station makes it easier to get in and out of the
Benefits of the project city
• More potential for tourism – a healthier,
Physical Parameters
U

cleaner image, combined with better

infrastructure and a burgeoning cycle culture
Improvement in travel speeds: Segregation of the will lead to more visitors coming to see the
different types of traffic have resulted in increased city
travel speeds for both NMT and motorized vehicles.
Public Responses
Reduction in accidents: Segregation of traffic has
Many of the new, ground-breaking aspects of the
helped reduce accidents to such an extent that at the
project have not been observed before in Indian
time of inquiry, not a single major accident had been
cities, leading to a somewhat mixed reception as
reported in the past three years.
people deal with the changes. Some motorists have
Environmental Parameters
complained that the main road has been narrowed,
U

and vendors have claimed that they have lost part of

Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: The
their business. Still, many feel it is an overall step in
introduction of many trees along the roadside has
the right direction – for example the article “Unlikely
made the city more aesthetically pleasing – officials
little Amsterdam” in the online publication Down to
like to refer to the change as “the conversion to the
Earth makes links between Nanded’s development
Green City”
and that of the world-renowned bicycle haven of
Amsterdam.
Reduction in air and noise pollution: Reduction in
horn usage has been reported as a result of the traffic
Sources:
segregation. Increased travel speeds, along with more
and more people option for NMT travel, has also led • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:31_Mar_
1T

to a decrease in air pollution stemming from vehicle 2008_300_Years_Celebrations_Nanded_Sahib_JLD

emissions. _by_gopal1035_029.jpg 1T

• Pallavi, Aparna. “Unlikely little Amsterdam,” Down

Other benefits:
to Earth: Science and Environment Online
• Formation of cycle club in Nanded – the
• “Guidelines and Toolkits for Urban Development in
introduction of a cycle path has inspired
Medium-sized Cities in India: Guidelines for Non-
people to form a special cycle group Motorized Transport Measures: Policy and
• User-friendly – adequate space is allocated for Options.” MoUD, ADB. Oct 2008. Pp 40-44.
all modes of transport, creating a more • Submission to UMI for Award for Excellence in
equitable urban environment Urban Transport, 2012

55
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

ATCAG Bike Share, Bangalore Key Benefits:

• Provision of last mile connectivity

Project Brief Description • Multi modal integration
Bangalore has recently implemented a visionary bike • Smart cards allow for hassle free rental
sharing scheme to provide last-mile connectivity to its
new and expanding Namma Metro. The project,
designed, implemented, and operated by the private
electronics company Kerberon Automations, uses Project Cost
their trademark technology of “Automated Tracking The project cost – the initial investment for the cycles,
and Control of Green Assets” (ATCAG) to promote stations, and associated equipment – was estimated at
NMT use in the city. The most prolific use of this Rs. 1.5 crore, and is borne by Kerberon Automations.
ATCAG technology to date is in the bike sharing
system, which holds the distinction of being the first
and only fully automated bike sharing scheme in India.
Users pay Rs 1000 (refundable) for registration, after
which they can use the system’s cycles for up to one
hour at no charge, with Rs. 10 for each subsequent
hour. The system uses rechargeable smartcards in
which users are required to maintain at least a Rs. 250
balance. ATCAG Bike Share stations have been
installed at all six of the currently operational Namma
Metro stations and three other locations in the city,
with further expansion planned as the Metro
Main sources of Revenue-Advertisements
continues to grow. While the initial reaction to the
bike sharing system has been lukewarm – as of March
2013 there were only 40 registered users – the Sources of Revenue
advanced, revolutionary system is nevertheless an
ATCAG Bike Share receives revenue from registration and
important step towards an integrated multimodal
user fees.
transport system in Bangalore, and a helpful model
for other Indian cities. Operation and Maintenance Cost

Vital statistics of project System operations and cycle maintenance are

performed by Kerberon Automations, made possible
Date of Project Launch 18th October 2011
P P
through revenue generated by user fees. The
Length/area of Bangalore operation cost was estimated to be up to Rs. 3 crore,
influence which is borne by Kerberon Automations
Planning/operation/
Implementation Kerberon Automations Current status of the project
company
There are nine cycle rental and parking stations
Key Featuresautomated cycle rentals, feeder service, throughout the city – six at Namma Metro stations,
smart cards,, cycle stations three at other locations. The total system capacity is
100 bicycles, with 68 bicycles currently available for
use.

56
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Project replication at any other areas • Feeder service – the system can be an
efficient link between areas of the city and the
for its success
Namma Metro system
Due to the growing popularity of cycle sharing • Promotion of NMT – ATCAG Bike Share is a
schemes around the world, the replicability for this great example of a sustainable NMT solution
project is quite high. Rented cycles could become an • Streamlined use – paying by smartcards
important feeder service for metro systems around allows users to quickly and accurately rent
the country. cycles
• Cycling is an easy, attractive way to get
Future Plans
needed daily exercise while commuting,
As Namma Metro – currently in Phase I – continues to which leads to overall healthier urban
expand, the ATCAG BikeShare scheme plans to install lifestyles for Bangalore residents
more cycle rental facilities.
Public Responses

The progress of the anticipated ATCAG BikeShare

scheme has been tracked in several large newspapers.
Here the Times of India describes the usefulness of
the system:

“Now, hop off the Metro and take a cycle. Metro

commuters can get out of the station, hire a cycle from the
An empty cycle station
cycle parking lot, go around short distances for their work
and come back with the cycle to the station. This will save
Benefits of the project
their time, as they can avoid waiting for feeder buses and
Physical Parameters getting caught in traffic.”

Ridership: As of March 2013, there were 40 registered Source: “Now, hop off Metro and take cycle.” The Times of
users of the system. India, 21 Oct 2012.
Environmental Parameters

Sources:
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: The cycles
• https://www.facebook.com/pages/Kerberon-
produce no emissions, and can help to lessen the Automations/231314766884434
number of vehicles on the road, leading to • http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-
greenhouse gas reduction. 09-06/bangalore/33649175_1_metro-station-
bbmp-plan-bmrc
Reduction in air and noise pollution: As more users • http://www.deccanherald.com/content/302356/bi
opt for cycle transit, leading to fewer vehicles plying cycle-sharing-yet-pick-up.html
city streets, air and noise pollution will decrease. • http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-
10-21/bangalore/34626728_1_kerberon-
Other benefits: Many other positive outcomes have automobiles-control-of-green-assets-metro-
station
been observed from this project, including:
• http://www.deccanherald.com/content/319191/n
ot-many-takers-namma-metro.html
• http://www.kerberonautomations.com/index.php

57
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Traffic Engineering and

Demand Management

58
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Mumbai Area Traffic Control Key Benefits

System • Improvement in speeds by 13-14%.
• Reduction of accidents by 19%
Project Brief Description • Reduced stoppage delay by 18-21% during
peak hours and 25% during off peak .
As part of multi modal project viz Mumbai Urban
• Reduction in electricity consumptions charges
Transport Project(MUTP),which aims to bring about
by 30 %
improvement in current traffic and transportation
Mi i l d i i i f i l
situation in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region(MMR)
Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Project Cost
Authority(MMRDA),with the assistance of the World
Bank implemented Area Traffic Control(ATC) system in Cost of infrastructure
the island city of Mumbai. The Area Traffic Control
Figures Percentage
(ATC) is a system of centrally co-ordinated traffic (Rs in crore) (%)
signal using real-time data collected through Cost to world bank 78 100
detectors which helps to maximize traffic flow, reduce
congestion & reduces in junction stops & delays to Total cost 78 100
suit traffic condition at different time of the day.
Under the project 255 ATC signal junctions (Milestone
I -53 junctions and Milestone II-202 junctions) were
installed and two control rooms were established. The
project in Mumbai was implemented by the Municipal
Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) on behalf of
the Mumbai Traffic Police (MTP).The Mumbai
Metropolitan Region Development Authority
(MMRDA) was the nodal agency for World Bank
funding. Cantilever Pole

Vital statistics of project

Operation and Maintenance cost

Date of Operation Milestone I (15.9.2009) Expenditure Rs in crore Percenatge

Milestone II (31.9.2011) (annually) ( %)
Length/area of influence MCGM limits Infrastructure, staff 3.15 82
Planning/operation/ Planning Agency: MMRDA. etc
Implementation agency Implementation& Leased line cost 0.68 18
Maintenance: MCGM Total 3.83 100
Operating Agency: MTP
Current status of the project

Key Features- Area Traffic Control (ATC) Signalised The project is currently in operation/active.
junctions, central control room & information room, Maintenance contract is awarded till October 2014to
vehicular detection equipment & LED signal heads, Schneider electric Infrastructure Ltd for control room
fully ducted cable network & vehicle detection and for street equipment’s

59
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

maintenance CMS Computers Ltd in two regions and Savings in Delay- As per the World Bank estimates,
Trafitek Pvt LTD in one region. the likely achievable savings in delay were estimated
at around 660 PCU-H/H. The studies reveal that actual
savings have been much higher, at 1141PCU-H/H for
the morning peak hours and 1494 PCU-H/H for the
evening peak hours. This converts to annual savings of
about 1.8 million litres of fuel.
Reduction in electricity charges: Reduction in
electricity charges by 30-40% due to LED signal head.
U Environmental Parameters
Integrated control room and video wall Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions- savings in
delay were estimated at an average of 1317 PCU-H/H
Award of Excellence for the peak hours. This converts to annual savings of
about 1.8 million litres of fuel.
The Project has received award of excellence for Other benefits
Emerging New Initiative on Mumbai Area Traffic • Reduction in maintenance activity.
Control System from the Ministry of Urban • Minimal downtime in operation of signals
Development in the year 2011. due to integrated online Fault Management
System
Project replication at any other areas • Adaptive control – the system allows signal
for its success times to adjust according to traffic conditions
in real time
At present there are 1200 junctions that need to be
Future plans
signalized. Out of the 1200 MCGM has planned to
upgrade further 300 signals to ATC system by
Introduction of Visual Message system(VMS) for
2017.The expression of interest have already been
providing commuters with real time information on
invited.
travel time, alternative routes ,Traffic congestion
Benefits of the project spots, next mode of transport available at a point of
time etc. between the origin and destinations of
Physical Parameters
U

travel.
Improvement in travel speeds: Speed and delay
studies revealed de-congestion of some of the slowest Public Responses
moving sections like the Income tax-office and church
gate areas. Apart from these the improvement in • The Project was the cover feature of magazine
average speeds in various regions has been between “World Bank in India” in May 2011.
13% and 14%. • Featured in Traffic Infra Tech magazine in May
Reduction in accidents: 19 % reduction in accidents 2012
Reduction in stoppage delay- During the morning • Articles in various newspapers
Sources:
peak hours, average delay has decreased by 18% and
• World Bank in India, Volume 9/No.6,May 2011.
during the evening peak 21%, and during off-peak
• Traffic Infratech, April-May 2012, Volume 2-Isssues
hours by 25%.
5.
Financial parameters
U

• Meeting& field visit with Executive Engineer (ATC)

from MCGM and other officials of MCGM.

60
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Station Area Traffic Improvement, Key benefits:

Pune City • Pedestrian and vehicular decongestion in Pune

station area
Project Brief Description • Providing livelihood options to the displaced
hawkers - planning for inclusive development
Pune, experiencing approximately 50% population
growth per decade, is suffering from neglected and
over-used infrastructure. In particular, the area around
the railway station (which serves about 200,000
Project Cost
passengers per day) has experienced congestion due to The total cost of the project is Rs.37.64 crores, with the
improper parking, incoherent traffic flow, and lack of cost of each of the three Phases as follows:
pedestrian facilities. To alleviate these problems,
planners have designed a multi-level parking facility that a) Phase I: Rs. 23.26 crores (Pune Municipal
can accommodate 1000 vehicles and a pedestrian Corporation has received a grant of Rs 3.16 Crore for
subway of 990sq. m to allow safe access to the station. the pedestrian subway and Rs 3.92 Crore for Parking
Additional office space of 579 sq. m has also been Plaza, underJNnURM programme of the Central
identified, including a post office, police station, Government.)
municipal corporation and other facilities. The Pune b) Phase II: Rs. 12.45 crores (Total ULB funding)
Municipal Corporation (PMC) – the planning and c) Phase III: Rs. 1.92 crores (Total ULB funding)
implementation agency behind the project – receives
revenue from 39 shops and the provision of advertising Sources of Revenue/income
rights located in the subway and public utilities. Revenue of Rs. 1.16 Crores for fiscal year 2011-12 was
Additional parts of the project include designating generated from current open end parking. The
proper pickup points for autos, taxis and buses; creating operations of 39 shops have been handed over to
signage and road markings; and the introduction of a hawkers who had been displaced. No revenue is
signalling system. This project promises to facilitate collected from these shops - these shops provide a
better traffic flow, provide more parking, and give means of livelihood hawkers and ensure them a
pedestrians safe passage to the station. permanent place to conduct business.

Vital statistics of project Operation and Maintenance cost

Date of Operation 2009 Approximately 5 % of the project cost is used annually
Length/area of influence Pune station chowk for operation and maintenance.
area(21538 sq.m)
Planning/operation/ Pune Municipal Corporation Current status of the project
Implementation agency (PMC)
The subway was finished, complete with shops and
advertising, in 2008.The building wall has a built-up area
Key Features - pedestrian subway, multilevel of about 21,538 sq. m of which the entire FSI has not
parking, traffic routing, advertisements, road been used till now. At present bus and two-wheeler
parking is open. For the remaining four-wheeler parking
markings, pick up points
slots, tenders have been called. Civil Works have also
been completed. The only installation still under
progress is the fire fighting and security system

61
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

• Construction of properly planned Parking Plaza for

two wheelers and cycle parking resulted in
streamlined movement of traffic and additional
space for buses, cars and two wheelers.
• Giving livelihood options to the displaced hawkers -
the planning aimed at inclusive development of the
area.

Station area

Award of Excellence
The Project has received an award for “Excellence in
Urban Transport” in Best Multi Modal Integrated Project
in 2008.

Parking facility for 2-wheleers

Public Responses
The project found its place in leading newspapers such
as the Times of India:

“The Railways has planned the redevelopment work to

provide more space for parking.
The Railways has allowed the traffic police to start a traffic
help-booth by which passengers can easily get auto rickshaws
Area around railway station area
and has also planned improvements in the circulating area of
the pre-paid rickshaw stand.
Project replication at any other areas
The project would reduce the congestion outside the station.
for its success Railways wants the traffic branch to take severe action against
unauthorised parking of rickshaws and other vehicles outside
The subway constructed in this site has been used as a
the station.”
model for construction in other parts of the city.
Source:e-paper on Area outside Pune rallway station to be
Benefits of the project th
redeveloped, Times of India dated 8 Dec,2011.
Following are benefits of the project:
Sources:
• Pedestrian and vehicular decongestion in Pune
station area • e-paper on Area outside Pune railway station to be
th
• Haphazard and criss cross movement of vehicles and redeveloped, Times of India dated 8
pedestrians eliminated by provision of subway. Dec,2011(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com
/2011-12-08/pune/30489660_1_traffic-branch-
• Separated safe passage for pedestrians.
station-building-queue-system
• Identified proper and adequate pickup points for
• Award entries nomination in 2008
autos, taxis and buses resulted in road widening and
• City officials from PMC,Jnnurm Cell,Pune
less queuing of buses.
62
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Electronic Ticketing Machine in Key Benefits:

KSRTC,Mysore • Conductor
Increase usingrevenue
in traffic Electronic
by ticket
4-5% machines
• A tool for informed decision making

Project Brief Description

The people of Mysore, a city of nearly 900,000 in the
state of Karnataka, have demonstrated high usage rates Key Features– electronic ticketing machines(ETM),
of the public transport system – it was estimated that ticket generation, MIS reports, pass validation,
more than 80% of the commuters use the city buses. instant ticketing
Induction of information technology (IT) in the road
transport sector is aimed at fulfilling its objectives - of
standardising transport documents across the state in a
digital format to facilitate smoother functioning of the
transport department and to assure greater security and
easier opera ability for the average commuter. With this
in mind, for the first time in India, the Karnataka State
Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has implemented a
more efficient means of ticket purchase: using handheld
electronic ticketing machines (ETMs), conductors can
now issue tickets more easily, quickly, and accurately.
Ensuring with 100% accuracy that each customer pays
the correct amount, this device is expected to increase
the revenue of KSRTC. The ETMs can also generate the
following informatory reports: collection report (total
tickets sold for the day), number of journeys, inspection Conductor using Electronic ticket machines
report to ticketless passengers and other MIS reports
including fuel efficiency, revenue efficiency of route, Sources of Revenue
breakdown details, and more. In addition, because the For fiscal year 2011-12, KSRTC grossed Rs. 90.90 crore
purchase of tickets becomes easier, this IT initiative will from ticket sales. The following year, revenue increased
hopefully encourage even higher rates of bus usage. to Rs. 97.08 crore.

Vital statistics of project Operation and Maintenance Cost

Date of Operation 2006

Every year approximately 1% of the earning from traffic
Length/area of influence Mysore urban area (128.42 operations of the Mysore division of KSRTC is allotted for
SqKms ) operation and maintenance cost of the ETMs.

Planning/operation/ KSRTC Current status of the project

Implementation agency
Implementation has been 100% completed with value
Project Cost added features like Bluetooth and RFID currently
The 16.87 crore project cost is being funded by KSRTC. functioning with great benefit to Mysore city. In the
future there is a plan to integrate ITS and VTMS systems
with ETM ticketing solutions.

63
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Award of Excellence • ETM equips the management regarding

monitoring the regularity and punctuality of
The project has received many awards as follows:.
operations enabling better service, which in turn
• Award for “Excellence in Urban Transport” in promotes public confidence.
Special Awards for Electronic Ticketing Systems • User friendly – ticket issue time minimised, less
in 2008. or no fatigue for conductors, accuracy in
• SKOCH Award-2010
financial accounting
• Appollo CV Award-2011
• Waiting time reduced for the conductors in
Project replication at any other areas remitting cash
• Any conductor can operate any route
for its success
The success of the project, the first of its kind in India,
has encouraged other STUs of 15 other districts of
Karnataka, Kerala, and other states to implement similar
projects.

Benefits of the project

Financial Benefits:
• Results have shown the increase in traffic ETMs stored
revenue by 4 -5% on account of introduction of
ETM, as the system provides no scope for Public Responses
revenue pilferage by conductors.
• The cost of an ETM ticket per passenger is less In addition to general public and stakeholder approval,
than the printed one, which translates into the project has found recognition in many of the leading
significant savings, as KSRTC carries two million news papers like Times of India and The Hindu:
passengers a day.
• Since the ETM prints the luggage tickets and trip “The Mysore urban division of the Karnataka State Road
Transport Corporation (KSRTC) has bagged a national award
sheets, the cost on printing luggage tickets and
for the successful introduction of electronic ticketing
trip sheets separately is avoided.
machines (ETMs) for bus services in the city.
Other benefits
Notably, the division happens to be the first among transport
• Printing has been drastically reduced; services of divisions in the country to have introduced the machines.”
staff working at printing press hitherto are being
utilized in other departments. th
Source: e –paper of The Hindu dated 14 December,2008.
• ETM system has been of great help in case of
services operated with just a driver-cum-
conductor.
• Since the ETM provides the exact count of Sources:
passengers trip wise, it becomes easy to make • e –paper of The Hindu dated 14th
scientific analysis of traffic, planning of routes December,2008.(http://www.hindu.com/2008/1
and additional trips. 2/14/stories/2008121450480200.htm)
• Generates various MIS reports serving • Meeting with the Chief system manager, KSRTC,
management as a tool for informed decision Bangalore.
making. • http://www.ksrtc.in/site/it-ksrtc

64
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Automated Electronic Driving Key Benefits:

Test-KSRTC, Bangalore • An innovative method for automated selection

inducing transparency
• Meritorious and skilled drivers selected for safety
Project Brief Description
of passengers.
KSRTC is the first and leading State Transport
Undertaking in the country to adopt Information and
Communications Technology in its administrative and
operational processes. Safe driving is the assurance that Project Cost
any passenger expects from a passenger transport The Rs. 35 lakh project cost is borne completely by
company, which requires highly skilled drivers operating KSRTC.
the bus fleet. A rigorous driving test adopted for
selecting drivers for a passenger transport company
would ensure the highest reliability and safety to the
general public. KSRTC has introduced such a recruitment
system through a unique and transparent IT-based
driving track (the system is based on digitally
addressable, optical proximity sensors) with video
surveillance for the selection of drivers and driver-cum-
conductors. First, a digital Body Mass Index measuring
machine for capturing the height and weight of the
candidate and a web camera to capture his photograph
ensures fool-proof identification. The eligible candidate
has to drive a bus through a rigid reverse S path, forward
8 paths, up gradient and reverse park. As a last test he Driving Test Tracks
has to match the traffic signal with the correct
descriptive answer on a computer kiosk. The application Operation and Maintenance cost
then generates a result sheet, completing the efficient
Every year a total of Rs 5 lakhs is allotted for the
and reliable process.
operation and maintenance cost of the tracks, in
addition to staff remuneration and other expenses.
Vital statistics of project
Current status of the project
Date of Operation 2005
Length/area of influence Recruitment across KSRTC The new and exclusive track is developed in Hassan
divisions Training Academy, Hassan, with a video surveillance
Planning/operation/ KSRTC
Implementation agency facility. Apart from this Biometric ID, distribution for
candidates is also being considered for future expansion
plans.
Key Features- ITS Application, driving test track,
transparent driver selection, skilled drivers, Award of Excellence
passenger’s safety The Project has received an award for “Excellence in
Urban Transport” in Special Awards for Electronic
Ticketing Systems in 2009.

65
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Project replication at any other areas

for its success
The success of the project, the first of its kind in India,
has encouraged other STUs like NWKRTC, NEKRTC and
BMTC replicate the same.

Issue of final results to drivers

Public Responses

The whole process of driver selection has attracted a

huge appreciation from the whole public in general.The
Matching the traffic signal test-last stage of test
project has also found recognition in many of the
leading newspapers like Times of India and The Hindu:

Benefits of the project “Transport Commissioner BhaskarRao piloted this project

after its success in the KSRTC, where he had introduced a
similar test for selecting drivers during his stint as Director
• The whole driver selection as a part of (Security and Vigilance). The JnanaBharathi Regional Transport
recruitment process unfolds an innovative Officer Syed Shafi Ahmed had introduced a similar, but
method wherein there is automated selection manual system, in front of the existing office on Mysore
inducing transparency in each process. Road.”
• A large number of candidates is tested in a short
nd
span of time. Also the test is uniform for all the Source: e –paper of The Hindu dated 22 September,2010.
candidates as the candidate has to take all the
sub-tests depicting real road conditions.
• Only the meritorious and skilled drivers would
Sources:
get selected. At the same time, since the drivers nd
• e –paper of The Hindu dated 22
selected are of very good quality, passenger
December,2010.(http://www.thehindu.com/news/cit
safety is achieved. The whole process of driver ies/bangalore/electronic-driving-test-track-to-be-
selection has attracted a huge appreciation from inaugurated-tomorrow/article750871.ece
the whole public in general and public transport • Meeting with the Chief system manager, KSRTC,
corporations in particular. Bangalore.

66
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

CGRAPS, Pune Key Benefits:

• Improvement in travel speeds by 12%

Project Brief Description
• Average of 9 fatal accidents reduced.
Pune has implemented an ITS project that seeks to • Enhanced surveillance and round-the-clock
improve the city’s transportation through a variety of observation of public vehicles
goals: to reduce congestion, travel time, and travel
costs; to improve safety and energy efficiency; to track
Key Features- ITS Application, central public place
public vehicles; and to promote the use of public transit.
surveillance system(CPPSS),Garbage /octroi vehicle
These goals are achieved through 6 independent ITS management system(GVMS), Red light violation
aspects in an umbrella system called “CGRAPS” that, detection system(RVDS),Passenger information
when combined together; promise to ensure effective, system, speed detection system(SVDS),Area traffic
safe, and sustainable traffic flow for Pune. Critical Public control system(ATCs)
Place Surveillance System (CPPSS) includes 70
surveillance cameras installed at 52 locations around the
city, while the Garbage/Octroi Vehicular Management Project Cost
System (GVMS) tracks 57 garbage vehicles, 10 Octroi,
and 33 PMPML buses. GVMS collects movement data of Cost of Project
the vehicles including distance travelled, speed, duration
of halt, and arrival/departure times. 40 Red Light Figures(Rs in crore) Percentage(%)
Violation Systems (RVDS) have been installed at 21 Cost to Central 7.73 50
Government
junctions in Pune, providing snapshots and videos of
Cost To State 3.09 20
traffic violations. The Area Traffic Control System (ATCS) Government
is now found at 68 intersections, covering six major Cost to city 4.64 30
corridors, and helps to ensure smooth traffic flow.
Total cost 15.46 100
Passenger Information Systems (PIS) have been
proposed for use in the 15.3 km BRT corridor. Finally,
Speed Violation Detection Systems (SVDS) have been
installed at 10 locations, providing helpful evidence of
speed violations through photographs.

Vital statistics of project

Date of Operation 01/01/2009

Length/area of influence PMC limits
Planning/operation/ Planning /operation:Pune
Implementation agency Municipal
Corporation(PMC).
Implementation: Keltron
(Kerela State Electronic
Development Corporation

CPPSS Camera View from CCR

67
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sources of Revenue Current status of the project

The Red Light and Speed Violation Detection Systemare The planning, construction, and implementation stages
capable of detecting red light and speed violations, take of this project have all been completed. It is now in
snapshots / videos of the violation for the purpose of operation.
fining the driver. In this connection the revenue earned
is shared between PMC and Keltron, as given: Award of Excellence
The Project has received the Award of Excellence for
Share %
“Best Intelligent Transport System-Runners up” from the
Sr No. Violations
PMC Agency Ministry of Urban Development in the year 2011.

1 0 to Up to 1 lakh 30 70

more than 1 lakh to

2 35 65
less than 2 lakh

more than 2 lakh to

3 40 60
less than 3 lakh

4 More than 3 lakh 50 50

Operation and Maintenance Cost Central control room at Swargate

Expenditure Rs (in crores) Percentage Project replication at any other areas

(per year) (%)
Field Equipment 0.08 11
for its success
Energy Charges The Pimpri-Chinchwad Corporation intends to follow
Central Control Room 0.04 5
Energy Charges
Pune’s example, and float tenders for a similar project.
Annual Lease Line 0.33 42
Expense
Broad Band 0.02 3
Connection Benefits of the project
AMC Cost 0.30 39
Total 0.77 100
Physical Parameters
U

Improvement in travel speeds: The average travel

speeds in the project area have reportedly increased by
11.7%.

Reduction in accidents: Average 9 fatal and many

serious accidents reduced due to BRT, infrastructure
improvement and ITS along pilot BRT.

PIS Boards

68
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Environmental Parameters featured in leading newspapers like Times of India and

the Pune Mirror. Traffic Infra Tech states:
Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions: Improved
speeds of public and private transport vehicles, better
enforcement, and other infrastructure improvements “The Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) set up CGRAPS IN
2008 which is already operational at some places. With it, the
have led to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
PMC aims to provide the travellers and road users timely and
correct information about the traffic situation on the roads at
different places in the city. This would lead to increased safety
of commuters and enhanced efficiency of freight movement.
With the intention of inducing more commuters to shift to the
use of public transport, the project also seeks to minimise
traffic congestion and commuting time along with improving
mobility.”

Source: Kurup, Rajmohan. “ITS in Pune Improving

commuting and enhancing safety.” Traffic Infra Tech
Magazine, 1 March 2011.

RDVS & SDVS

Sources:

Reduction in air and noise pollution: As with • Traffic Infratech Magazine on ITS in Pune Improving
St
greenhouse gas emissions, air and noise pollution have commuting and enhancing safety dated 1
also shown decreases as a result of this project. March,2011.(http://www.trafficinfratech.com/its_in_
pune_improving_commuting_and_enhancing_safety
/)
Reduction in energy consumption: Switching from a
• Meeting with officials of PIU, JnNURM Cell, Pune
system based on standard light bulbs to one based on
Municipal Corporation.
LED has drastically reduced the system’s energy
consumption.

Other benefits:
• Enhanced surveillance and monitoring – ITS
allows for round-the-clock observation of public
vehicles
• Improved productivity – PMPML and garbage
vehicles now run more efficiently
• Evidence for traffic violations – photo and video
proof of violations provides more deterrence,
and encourages motorists to obey the laws

Public Responses

The project also featured in the magazine “Traffic

InfraTech” in 2011. Besides this publication, it also

69
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Intelligent Public Transport Key benefits:

System Integrated With PIS,Delhi • Planning and scheduling drivers and enforcing
adherence to a schedule
Project Brief Description • Increase driver and passenger safety by tracking
vehicles in real time.
Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal Transit System (DITMS)
has begun an Intelligent Transport System (ITS) project
Key Features- PIS, automated fare collection, self-
that seeks to enhance the bus experience in the Delhi
learning algorithm, GPS, ETM, Central control room
region (population approx. 16 million). This extensive
project involves several separate components, several of
which have already been implemented.Presently, all 581
of the privately run orange “cluster” buses, and 3949
buses in DTC’s fleet, have been installed with GPS, 165
Passenger Information System (PIS) displays boards (90
of which are in the BRT corridor) have been introduced,
and a high-tech backend data center, also known as a
Traffic Management and Information Centre (TMIC), has
been set up to analyze the vast amounts of data (about
6 to 7 GB) received by DIMTS daily. Moreover, bus
information has been made accessible online, with real-
time data soon to be available through SMS messaging Intelligent signals
and mobile phone applications. This project after its
complete roll out will become the single largest public
transit AVL system in the world. DIMTS has implemented
Project Cost
a unique self-learning algorithim for accurate calculation
of ETA driven by historic data. The system has been The total cost of setting up the infrastructure has been
developed with the capability to integrate with multiple provided by the Transport Department of the
map providers. Finally, automated fare collection and Government of Delhi.
electronic ticketing machines (ETMs) are also currently
in operation, and promise to make bus travel more Operation and Maintenance cost
convenient and user-friendly, thus encouraging people Annually a percentage is paid by the transport
to opt for public transportation in lieu of their private department to DIMTS for the upkeep and maintenance
vehicles. of the system.

Vital statistics of project Current status of the project

In the first phase, 90 bus shelters in the BRT corridor
Date of Operation April 2009
Length/area of influence National Capital Region were installed with Passenger Information Systems (PIS).
Planning/operation/ Planning: Transport This has since been extended to 165 shelters in the
Implementation agency Department, Govt of Delhi NDMC Area. Plans have been made to eventually install
Operation & Implementation: all bus shelters with PIS. Till date, more than 4400 buses
Delhi Integrated Multi-Modal
Transit System Ltd. (DITMS) have been installed with GPS (581 cluster buses and
3949 DTC buses) but nearly a third (1400) of these
devices have been stolen or vandalized.

70
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Award of Excellence Benefits of the project

The Project has received an award for “Excellence in
Urban Transport” in Best Intelligent Public Transport Keeping in view the management perspective the
System Project in 2009. system provides facility to the following:
• Planning and scheduling drivers and enforcing
adherence to a schedule.
• Increase in driver and passenger safety by tracking
vehicles real time.
• Detect in real time the speed violation, unauthorized
stops, missed bus stops and route deviation. Above
feedback from the system are used in turn by bus
operation management to council the drivers. This
leads to reduction of above violations and in turn
helps toreduce accidents.
• Tracking and monitoring the movement of buses
and drivers on real time basis to optimize operation,
improve fleet utilization, schedules, vehicle
availability with accurate information
Display boards on buses

Project replication at any other areas

Public Responses
for its success
General approval and heightened anticipation of the PIS
Originally implemented exclusively in the BRT corridor of has been matched with displeasure as the full
14.5 kms (from Ambedkar Nagar to Moolchand), due to implementation of the project has encountered delays.
its success the project has also been implemented in the When finally implemented, the GPS component of the
NDMC Area. DIMTS has implemented automatic vehicle project was widely celebrated. The Time of India states:
location systems in 4400 buses across 35 depots, with
PIS on 250 bus queue shelters. “The GPS could be the answer the city has been looking for to
ensure safe public transport….the GPS device is a powerful
tool – precisely because of its ability to expose the truth when
it comes to violations.”

Source: e-paper “Tracking buses and autos with the Eye In

nd
The Sky.” By Rumu Banerjee, The Times of India, 22 Dec
2012.

Sources:
• e-paper “Tracking buses and autos with the Eye In
The Sky.” By Rumu Banerjee, The Times of India,
nd
22 Dec2012(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.c
om/2012-12-22/delhi/35968737_1_gps-device-dtc-
buses-cluster-buses).

• Meeting with Vice President, IT Department and

other officials in DIMTS.
Central Control Room

71
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Bangalore Traffic Improvement Key Benefits:

Project(BTRAC) Surveillance Camera
• Reduction in accidents by 35% from 2007 to
2012. Traffic Enforcement Camera
Project Brief Description • Increase in speed by 28%
• Saving in time by 15% due to signal
Bangalore is among the fastest growing cities in India
synchronization.
with a vehicle population of about 42 lakh vehicles
• Increase revenue collection by 13% from 2010
growing at the rate of 10 % per annum. With a
to 2012.
population of 8.5 million spread across an area of 741
• Stricter enforcement leading to compliance of
square kilometres, the city is a nightmare for traffic
planners. Anticipating growth in the number of vehicles traffic laws
and serious problems in management of traffic, the city
Key Features- solar energy run signals, IT enabled
police have envisaged a Bangalore Traffic Improvement
traffic enforcement, variable message
Plan which is popularly known as B-TRAC Scheme. The sign(VMS),Traffic surveillance camera,traffic
project covers the entire city, with the main objective management centre(TMC), area traffic control(ATC),
being to identify all systematic deficiencies within traffic traffic dissemination system, integrated complaint
management and enforcement in a planned manner and monitoring system
with appropriate application of Information and
Communication Tools (ICT) in the day-to-day operations
of the department of traffic police. The B-TRAC project
was divided into 5 phases between 2006 and 2011. The
main components of BTRAC projects are: Junction
Improvement, Intelligent Transport System,
Surveillance & Enforcement cameras, street furniture
such as road signage, painting of roads, education and
public awareness, and capacity building. Under this
project, 179 surveillance cameras,5 traffic enforcement
cameras, 340 signals running on solar energy,49 pelican
light signals for pedestrains and 20 Variable Message Traffic surveillance camera
Signs (VMS) have also been installed to relay live traffic
data for regulation, monitoring and enforcement. All this
Traffic enforcement
data is being integrated in a TMC which will keep track camera
of traffic flow in the city. Finally, a road junction
improvement plan has also been taken up as a part of
the project.
Project Cost
Vital statistics of project The total project cost is Rs. 364 crore, all of which is
borne by the Karnataka State Government.
Date of Operation 2010
Length/area of influence 850 sq.kms( including 42
police stations) Sources of Revenue
Planning/operation/ Planning & implementation: The revenue that is collected from spot fines and fines
Implementation agency Karnataka Road Development
Corporation against notices from the vehicle owners and drivers for
Operation:Bangalore traffic the year 2012 amounted to Rs. 53.85 crores. Per month
police the collection of revenue through this method is

72
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

approximately Rs.6 crores, which is invested back into • “Golden Peacock Award” for Innovative
the system for maintenance and smooth functioning. Product/Service honoured by Institute of
Directors (IOD) and Golden Peacock Secretariat.
Operation and Maintenance Cost • “Golden Peacock HR Excellence Award”
The government provides grants of Rs. 20-25 crores per honoured by Institute of Directors (IOD) and
year (Rs. 2 crores per month) for the upkeep and Golden Peacock Secretariat.
maintenance of the system.
Project replication at any other areas
Current status of the project for its success
The project is presently under operation. Till Phase V Senior police officers from many cities have visited and
only 46 junction improvement plans had been taken know-how for implementing it in their cities.
implemented, out of the 500 that had been decided. Hyderabad has already set up its new TMC. Authorities
New signals have been introduced at 193 junctions, with of other cities have also shown interest to copy this
a further signal 170 locations undergoing improvements. project and replicate this in their city.
Road markings have also been done for 62,500 sq. m of
road in Phase I and 50,000 sq. m in Phase III.5
enforcement cameras have been installed in Phase I, and
125 surveillance cameras are presently in operation. Out
of a proposed total of 95 Pelican signals, only 16
locations have been installed. 20 VMS have also been
installed.

Traffic signals
Signage

Benefits of the project

Physical Parameters
U

Reduction in travel time: Reduced travel time due to

scientific fine tuning of signal timings at junctions. The
average savings in time of 15% has been achieved for
80% of the junctions.

VMS Improvement in travel speeds: Increased journey speed

due to synchronization of signals at 9 major corridors.
Award of Excellence Average Journey speed has increased from 18 Kmph to
The Project has received many awards as follows: 23 Kmph.

• Award for Excellence in “New Initiative in Traffic Reduction in accidents: The number of accidents has
Engineering and Management ‘’ in the year decreased from 2.71 accidents per thousand vehicles in
2011 by Ministry of Urban Development. 2007 to 1.31 accidents per thousand vehicles in 2011.

73
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

“Bangalore Traffic Police’s B-TRAC project has helped in Public Responses

reducing road accidents by almost 35 per cent between
2007 and 2012.” B-TRAC featured in the leading newspapers for its
achievements.

“By 2007, the project envisages an intelligent transport

system including area traffic control, VMS, traffic command
centre among others for 125 signals and 50 VMS locations at a
cost of Rs 30 crore.
Traffic surveillance, monitoring and enforcement through
cameras and up gradation of automated enforcement system
too will be taken up”.

Source: e-paper of The Times of India dated 22nd

March,2006.
Traffic Management Centre

Financial Parameters “Bangalore Traffic Police’s B-TRAC project has helped in

reducing road accidents by almost 35 per cent between 2007
Stricter enforcement: Increased enforcement and 2012.
capabilities led to increased collection of fines. The total
CiSTUP-IISc in its ‘B-TRAC – evaluation and impact study’
fine amount collected from 2007-2012 is as follows:
released today said accident rate in Bangalore city has come
down progressively. In 2007, the number of road accidents
Sl year No of registered Total fine
was 8,426 and it came down to 5,502 cases in 2012.
No. cases ( Rs. in crores)
1. 2007 14,44,098 19.91 th
2. 2008 20,79,071 29.51 Source: The Hindu Business line dated 14 February, 2012.
3. 2009 26,40,286 37.62
4. 2010 33,33,112 47.56
5. 2011 47,90,841 50.56
6. 2012 52,04,800 53.85
Sources:
Environmental Parameters
• e-paper of The Times of India dated 22nd
March,2006(http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.c
• Paperless enforcement of motor vehicles act for the
om/2006-03-22/bangalore/27818123_1_traffic-jam-
first time in the country.
b-trac-area-traffic-control
• Only city with signals running on solar energy. th
• The Hindu Business line dated 14 February,
2012(http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/s
Other benefits tates/btrac-improves-travel-time-in-bangalore-nails-
• Creation of several public initiatives: Citizen’s traffic-violators/article4411403.ece)
Traffic Forum meeting (3rd Saturday of every • www.bangaloretrafficpolice.gov.in
month), Innovative Public Eye campaign, Free • B-TRAC evaluation and impact study by CISTUP
Traffic SMS Alerts, Interactive Facebook, • Site visit
Integrated complaint monitoring System. • Meeting with Bangalore Commissioner of Police
• http://www.krdcl.in/html/btrac2010.html

74
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Intelligent Transport System, Key Benefits:

Mysore City • Real time information for bus arrivals to

commuters and tourists
• Increasesafety
Project Brief Description
Mysore city is the second biggest city of Karnataka State,
which lies 135 Kms from the State Headquarters,
Bangalore. KSRTC is the sole bus public transport Key Features- automated vehicle location system,
provider in the city. The gap between the supply and passenger information system-on board and off
demand of public transport has been met with board, automated voice announcement system,
dependence on personalized vehicles. KSRTC’s Central control station, enterprise management
Intelligent Transport System acts as a catalyst for system, MIS reports
deployment and exploitation of technologies for
sustainable mobility to strengthen transport operations
and infrastructure. KSRTC's Intelligent Transport System
Project Cost
(ITS) project at Mysore City is a demonstrative project
under the Sustainable Urban Transport Programme. The
first of its kind in India,it is being implemented with
Cost of infrastructure
financial assistance from the World Bank’s Global
Environment Facility and Ministry of Urban Figures Percentage
Development, Government of India. The Intelligent (Rs in crore) (%)
GEF 9.07 38
Transport System Project of Mysore city covers500
Buses, 105 Bus Stops, 6 Bus Terminals and 45 platforms. GOI(NURM) 10.10 43
The multi-faceted program has many benefits: it MoUD 0.81 3
provides real time information about bus arrival and
Cost To State 0.15 1
departure through PIS, SMS and their website; helps in
Government(GoK)
reducing waiting time for passengers; reduces traffic Cost to KSRTC 3.56 15
congestion; improves efficiency of traffic operation;
Total Cost 23.69 100%
reduces fuel consumption; and increases economic
activity through higher patronage to the city’s public
transport system.

Vital statistics of project

th
Date of Operation 17 Nov 2012
Length/area of Whole city of Mysore, covering
influence 402 schedules
Planning/operation/ Planning :KSRTC
Implementation Implementation:
agency CMC Limited India
Operation: KSRTC
PIS Display Board

75
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sources of Revenue/Income
KSRTC intends to use the system for advertising and to
generate revenues.

Revenues from advertising on the buses and at the bus

terminals will be retained by KSRTC. Revenues from
advertising at the bus shelters will be shared with
Mysore City. However this proposal is still in the
planning stage.

Operation and Maintenance Cost

The project has just completed 6 months of its Inside Bus Display (LED)
operation, therefore no O & M evaluation has yet been
calculated. Award of Excellence
The Project has received many awards as follows:
Estimated cost of
Description of Services project • Appolo CV Award
S.No.
(Rs in crores)
1 Works and Goods 15.72 • Golden Peacock Award-2013 at Leadership and
Project Monitoring Quality Governance Summit
2 0.94
Consultancy
Monitoring and • SKOCH Digital Inclusion Gold Award-2012 at
3 2.0
Evaluation 30th SKOCH Summit
Comprehensive Services
& • SCM-Innovation AWARD 2013 by Indian Institute
4 1.01
Operational Analysis
of Materials Management at APCON 2013
(CSOA)
Total 19.67

Current status of the project

The project components are installed and
commissioned. System testing is underway, working
towards issuing operational acceptance of the project.
The data centre and central control station is completed
and operational. The core applications – primarily ITS&
GIS - are all tested and deployed. The in-bus equipment
has been installed in 420 buses, 24 out of 26
installations of 10 line and 16 line display boards have
beencompleted, with 157 out of 161 installations
Central Control Room
completed for 2 line display boards. Finally, 1493 crew
members have been trained and route deployment has Project replication at any other areas
been done for 342 routes.
for its success
KSRTC is implementing the Vehicle Tracking and
Monitoring System in 4,000 long distance busses.

76
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

• Effective alignment of current business processes

(including crew discipline) with ITS to gain from
its advantages

• Ensuring security & maintenance of in-bus

equipments and PIS boards

• Effective usage of ITS (SOS alerts, MIS reports,

instant geo-search) by Traffic Controllers,
Operations Staff, Depot Management

• Sustaining benefits of ITS – selection &

identification of ITS data (what, when, where)
Data Centre and prioritize them according to business needs.

Benefits of the project • Ensuring uninterrupted power supply at bus

Monitoring and Evaluation Consultancy has been shelters (not owned by KSRTC)
engaged for assessing the benefits of the project. Since
• Integrating ITS system within KSRTC existing IT
the ITS is under system testing and operational
solutions
acceptance has not yet been done, results relating to
reduction of accidents, increase in speed, etc. have not Public Responses
yet been captured.
According to M & E Consultants of KSRTC surveys show
Other benefits: that the public has taken well to the KSRTC buses – 84%
• Digital route information has enabled KSRTC to of respondents to a survey said that they were pleased
optimize its operations with the travel times, 62.8% of commuters would like to
• ITS has provided commuters with ETA, ETD, and get bus schedule information at bus stops, 72% of
other destination information specially for commuters notice bunching of buses and are of the
tourists, necessitating less dependency on opinion that use of ITS can help in providing safe,
external sources. reliable and efficient public transport for the city.
• Better public transport – a more efficient system
The article “Now, KSRTC bus transport in Mysore becomes
decreases congestion and allows for greater
‘intelligent’” lauds the Mysore ITS initiative, describing it as a
mobility by residents and tourists frontrunner project that will demonstrate India’s rapid urban
• User-friendly – PIS displays coupled with GPS development.
alerts passengers to bus arrival times th
Source: e-paper of The Times of India dated 18 Nov, 2012.
• Increased safety – safety, a concern of many
Sources:
riders, is protected through high-tech
surveillance • “Intelligent Transport System at Mysore City,”
• Bilingualism – Every effort has been made to presentation, by Manjunatha Prasad, MD, KSRTC
(http://www.sutpindia.com/docs/sumit_221112/SUT
include both English and Kannada in P_AM_KSRTC_ITS.pdf)
announcements and in online information. • e-papaer “Now, KSRTC bus transport in Mysore
becomes ‘intelligent,’” The Times of India, 18 Nov
Future Plans 2012.
• Site Visit
The future plans for development of the project include: • Meeting with statistical officer, IT department and
divisional traffic controller and officer.

77
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Review Results: Category 1-Public Transport without Private Sector Involvement

Performance Indicators Name of Projects

BMTC Bangalore, Delhi MRTS, Delhi Sub Urban Railway Mumbai, Maharashtra
Karnataka

Increase Ridership 19% 128% 11%

Increase revenue 53% 204.63% 47.42%

Reduction in accidents 91% 591(out of which 110 could have N.Q.*

been fatal)*

Reduced travel time/Increase N.Q. Reduction of 3 hrs journey to 8o Increased speed from 80 kmph to 100
speed mins kmph

Increase in routes/lines/services 11% additional routes 14% additional lines 34% additional services

Note:
Sustainable Public Transport for small and medium size cities, Karnataka-benefits are not quantified as the project is just operation for few months.
N.Q.-Not quantified
N.Q* - Not quantified as MRVC not involved with operations.
*As on date

78
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Review Results: Category 2-Private Sector Involvement in Bus Operations

Performance
Name of Projects
indicators
Corporatisation of Private Operation of Modern Low City bus services
Janmarg BRTS
Stage Carriage Buses in Floor Buses on PPP Vadodara,
Ahmadabad, Gujarat
Delhi Bhopal, MP Gujarat
Increased Ridership
564% 41% 79% 133%

Earnings per km
Earning /cluster bus is 20%
Rs 40 /km * 21% N.Q.
higher than DTC

Increase Revenue Revenue increased by 1 crore

42% per year of Vadodara
109% 41.6%
Mahanagar Seva Sadan
(VMSS

Reduction in accidents
Average of 3-4 minor
Zero fatal accidents 48% 9-11%
accidents *

Growth of bus fleet

25 CNG buses to 120 CNG
82 buses to 118 buses 100 buses to 581 buses 105 buses to 130 buses
buses

Note:
G- Auto, Rajkot & Traffic Transit Management Centres, Bangalore -benefits are not quantified as the project is just operation for few months.
N.Q.-Not quantified. *As on date.

79
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Review Results: Category 3-Non- Motorised Transport

Performance Indicators Name of Projects

Green bike Dipbahan Rickshaw bank project

Fazilka, Punjab
Delhi Assam,

Growth in operation 400 cabs* 5 cycle stations to 9 cycle stations 390 rickshaw pullers to 5000 in Assam

Increase Ridership N.Q 80% N.A.

Reduction in accidents
Zero accidents 99% N.A.

Environmental benefits 6 litres of petrol/day saving by two

1500 litres of fuel saving/day N.A.
wheelers

Social Benefits Provides direct/indirect

Membership increased from 10,000
employment of 550 rickshaw Provides healthy lifestyle to people
rickshaw pullers to 30,000
pullers

Note:

NMT Implementation in Visakhapatnam, Nanded and ATCAG Bike Share, Bangalore- benefits are not quantified as the project is just operation for few months
N.Q- Not Quantified.
N.A- Not Applicable.
*As on date

80
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Review Results: Category 4- Traffic Engineering & Demand Management

Performance Name of Projects
Indicators
Intelligent
Public Station Area
Automated
ATC Project KSTRC, Transport Traffic
BTRAC Electronic CGRAPS, Pune
Mumbai, Mysore, System Improvement
Bangalore, Karnataka Driving Test- Maharashtra
Maharashtra Karnataka integrated with Pune,
KSTRC
PIS Maharashtra
Delhi
Increase
13% N.A. 6.8% N.A. N.A. N.Q. N.A.
Revenue
Reduction in
34.7% 19% N.A. Zero accidents N.A. N.A. 20%
accidents
Improvement in
28% 13-14% N.A. 25%-30% N.A. N.A. 11.7%
travel speed
Growth in • 80 to 125
Number of ITS surveillance
ITS components
components cameras New track
Past- N.Q. remained same
• 166 signals to 19 53 to 202 ATC 90 to 165 bus developed in
Present-2000 N.Q. except in ATC
new signals signals shelters with PIS Hassan
machines component(addition
• Pelican signals at Academy
in only 1 corridors)
16 locations
installed recently
Note:
Intelligent Transport System, Mysore- benefits are not quantified as the project is just operation for few months
N.A – Not Applicable.
N.Q- Not Quantified.

81
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Summary
From the study of the case studies the following observations have been made :

1. Most of the Awarded projects by the Minstry of Urban Developemnt continues to provide
benifits to the society.
2. Public transport projects without private sector involvement like Delhi Metro, BMTC, and
Mumbai Suburban rail, showed growth in terms of network/services/routes , investments, use
of new technologies like ITS and good management and HR policies.
3. In the category of bus operation with involvement of private sector, Ahmedabad Janmarg shows
growth in terms of ridership and revenue due to addition of new corridors when compared to
Delhi and Bhopal projects. However all 4 projects - Ahmedabad, Bhopal, Vadodara and Delhi
show growth in terms of increase in revenue due to innovative financing mechanism, continuous
growth in fleet and use of modern ITS Technology.
4. Non Motorized Transport Projects with innovative, revolutionary ideas like Fazilka Eco Cabs,
Dipbahan Rickshaw Bank, Green Bike, Delhi Project are excellent examples that balance both
social and environmental sustainability. Also the Fazilka Eco cabs and Green Bike of Delhi help to
provide the last mile connectivity to the commuters. Thus all three projects are said to be a
success in its own way.
5. In the traffic engineering and demand management category, it can be seen that projects like
BTRAC- Bangalore, Mumbai ATC, Electronic Ticketing machine and electronic driving test by
KSRTC have implemented state-of-the-art technology for the first time in the country. These
indicate a way forward for introduction of intelligent transport system in the 21st century, for
better traffic management. The Bangalore BTRAC project is said to be self sustaining project
amongst the rest, as it generates revenue. However projects like the station area traffic
improvement plan, CGRAPS- ITS Project, Pune have not shown any growth over the years.
6. The new inititives /non awarded projects also provide beneifits to the society in terms of scope
and replicability.
7. All projects have moved through the 3 stages of project cycle for successful implemenation of the
projects.

The major reasons for success of the projects are as under:

Name of projects Reasons for success

Category 1:Public Transport without Private sector Involvement

BMTC ,Bangalore City wide network

MRTS, Delhi Saving in travel time

Suburban Rail, Mumbai Improved capacity

Other reasons : use of ITS, good management policies

82
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Name of projects Reasons for success

Category 2:Private Sector Involvement in Bus operations

Janmarg BRTS, Ahmedabad It is a closed system

Private stage carriage buses, Delhi A well framed contract

Low floor buses, Bhopal Good management & well framed contract

City Bus services, Vadodara Continuous growth in fleet

Other reasons: use of ITS, continuous growth in fleet

Category 3: Non Motorised transport

Fazilka,Punjab Last mile connectivity

Green Bike, Delhi Last mile connectivity

Dipbahan Rickshaw Bank ,Assam Social benefits to rickshaw pullers

Category 4: Traffic Engineering and Demand Management

BTRAC ,Bangalore Self sustainable system

ATC Mumbai Centrally co-ordinated traffic signal using real-time data

Electronic ticketing machine, Mysore Central control server for revenue collection

Electronic Driving Test, Karnataka Improved driver skills

83
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

PartII- Project Cycle

Stages

84
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Introduction

Urban Transport Planning is a process that leads to decisions on transportation policies and
programs. While the cities may initially concentrate upon who needs to do what, it is more critical
for them to first comprehend how that needs to be done. Therefore it is necessary to understand
the importance and stages of the project cycle for successful replication of transport projects in all
cities.

A ‘project’ is a series of activities aimed at bringing about clearly specified objectives within a
defined time period and with a defined budget. It can be considered a proposal involving capital
investment for the purpose of developing infrastructural facilities to provide goods and services. The
‘project cycle’ is a way of viewing the main elements that projects have in common, and how they
relate to each other in sequence. Typically, successful projects move through 3 phases of the project
cycle-planning, implementation and impact assessment.

The Project Cycle for urban transport projects for improving urban mobility within cities can be
broadly divided into 3 stages(Figure 1):

• Stage 1 – Planning

• Stage 2 – Implementation

• Stage 3 – Impact Assessment

Stage1 – Planning

The planning process must operate within the framework of the goals and objectives of the study
area. It is therefore important that at the onset of the project an overall vision for the city is defined.
The vision statement is a guiding principle to develop strategies that are sustainable and adhere to
the needs of the population. Analysing the goals and objectives during the planning process help
clarify the vision statement, so that practical projects with measurable outcomes can be
implemented.

To achieve the defined objectives, it is important to understand the existing urban transport
problems in the city and also estimate the traffic pattern and demand in the future. Sensitization to
all urban transport problems and approaches to address them are important at this stage. Based on
the demand assessment, the ultimate aim of urban transportation planning is to evolve strategies
and generate alternatives for improving the transportation system to meet future demand, and to
select the best alternative after proper evaluation. These strategies and alternatives must take into
account sustainable solutions such as modal and infrastructure integration,traffic management,
intelligent transport systems, integrated land use transport, and conducting safety audits. The
planning stages for all transport projects are nearly the same prior to the project identification stage
(Figure 2). But issues for different cities continue to vary and from thereon the planning process also
varies.Therefore in this report the planning stages for public transport, NMT, and Traffic Demand
Management has been highlighted in detail (Figure 2A-2C).

85
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Stage 2 – Implementation

The first step of project implementation is to set up an institutional framework that can plan,
implement and control the urban transport policy and its future. The report of the Working Group
on Urban Transport for the National Transport Development Policy Committee(NTDPC)affirms this,
stating that “State Government should empower the city with an institutional framework.” As such it
is important that all million-plus cities have Unified Metropolitan Transport Authorities for planning
and managing urban transport in cities. Further Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) could be created
with the overall objective of implementing and monitoring specific projects such as city bus services
and metro rail operations. These urban transport-related institutions can act as the single source for
decision making and as approval agencies for strategizing and planning their respective urban
transport. Once the project identification has been done as per the mobility needs of the city, there
is a need to secure finances for the project (Figure 3).

Most city and state governments are facing challenges to meet the growing demand for new and
better urban transport and infrastructure services. As available funding from traditional sources and
capacity in the public sector to implement projects remain limited, governments have found that
partnership with the private sector is an attractive alternative to increase and improve the supply of
infrastructure and services. In case it is proposed that a project is to be implemented through
private sector funding or on a public-private partnership (PPP) basis, there is a need to identify the
PPP format for contract purposes. A wide spectrum of PPP models has emerged. These models vary
mainly by ownership of capital assets, responsibility for investment, assumption of risks and duration
of contract. However, the involvement of the government in a PPP project is guided by the legal and
regulatory regime and the government policy on PPPs.

The state/city government needs to be empowered by means of knowledge about the financing
options and alternatives so that an informed decision may be taken towards project funding.This
stage of project cycle remains the same for all projects.

Stage 3 – Impact Assessment

Urban transport has significant adverse impacts on the environment, the health and safety of
citizens, the economy, social inclusion and the general quality of life for people living and working in
cities. The main impacts are in the form of noise and air pollution, health and safety, economic and
financial cost, and social impacts (Figure 3).

It is therefore important to apply environmental and social safeguard policies to all projects for
achieving environmental and social sustainability. Adoption of this framework will ensure that the
projects meet the national and state level environmental and social safeguards.In addition, it will
also ensure consistency with the applicable safeguard policies and provisions of international
development agencies such as the World Bank and Asian Development Bank (ADB).

TheImpact Assessment of projects can be recorded in terms of financial impact, social impact and
environmental impact. Urban transport infrastructure and facilities have to be planned so as to have
the least adverse impact in all these three domains. This stage of project cycle remains the same for
all projects.

86
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Setting up of Vision, goals and objective

Identification of Study Area/ city

Estimation of Travel Demand for the city

Stage 1 -Planning

Establishing the Urban transport Development

Strategy

Identification of Projects

Identification of Funding Options

Setting up of an
For projects on PPP –
Stage 2 - Institutional
develop the contracting
Implementation Framework for Urban
strategy
Transport

Financial Impact

Environmental Impact Assessment

Stage 3 –Impact
Assessment
Social Impact Assessment

Figure 1 Project Cycle stages

87
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Financial Impact

Figure 2 – Project Planning Stages

88
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Figure2A- Public Transport Planning Stage

89
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Social Impact Assessment

Figure 1B NMT Planning Stage

90
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Figure-2C Traffic management Planning Stage

91
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Figure 3 Project Implementation and Impact Assessment stage

92
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Conclusion

As this report has shown, urban transportation improvement projects can take on a great variety of
forms. From a small localized project such as the creation of a pedestrian footpath, to the
establishment of a metropolis-wide metro rail system, there are many ways in which cities seek to
improve their transport networks. For cities in rapidly urbanizing India, often experiencing problems
such as congestion, pollution and lack of quality public transport, it is essential to begin considering
needed transport projects today for better urban living tomorrow.

This study was undertaken in hopes that the findings may be effectively utilized by cities around the
country seeking to implement transportation projects of their own. Keeping this goal of enabling
replication as a central premise, the study advanced toward two main objectives - assessing and
highlighting the status and accomplishments of the best practiced urban transport projects in India
as examples for replication by other cities; and secondly, to illustrate and describe the major steps in
implementation of the successful projects along with relevant materials and information, so that
cities can easily begin urban transport projects of their own.
Just as no two cities are exactly alike, so too can no two transport improvement projects hope to be
exactly alike. A city must take local characteristics into consideration, and clearly define goals
specific to their own city’s transport system. Nevertheless, the information found in the case studies
described in detail in the first section should provide enough breadth to cover most possible
scenarios for urban transport projects. While the study separates the type of project into four
distinct categories the general guidelines for successful implementation of all projects at present or
in will be developed in future will remain more or less constant.

Also, adherence to the basic project cycle stages – planning, implementation, and impact
assessment – is essential. The specific steps contained within each stage will vary according to
project type, but the overall process will remain the same. Second, it is important to retain open
discussions with stakeholders and the public throughout the process, so that the project can meet
the needs of all concerned parties. Next, it is always important to adapt to new technologies and
embrace IT aspects in new projects. The needs of pedestrians and cyclists must also be considered,
so that people can safely opt for cleaner, healthier non-motorized transport.

Finally, cities must begin a paradigm shift and start to prioritize the needs of public transport users
over those in private vehicles to create a sustainable transport network for the coming decades. This
idea is perhaps phrased most succinctly and memorably by former Bogota mayor Enrique Penalosa in
the now-famous quote “A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It’s where the
rich use public transport.” This idea was noticeably present in the 18th Oct, 2012 landmark ruling by
the Delhi High Court to retain the city’s BRT corridor, which had been subject to severe criticism by
the city’s motorists. Moreover, in the coming decades, as India continues to develop it will be
essential to pursue projects centered on this same idea, so that the country’s cities can enjoy the
same sustainable, integrated, multimodal transport networks as those found in the developed world.

93
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Annexure 1
List of stakeholders consulted during the project with their contact details:

Sl.No. Name Designation Organization Email Address Phone Number

1. Mr. Ravi Aggarwal Executive Engineer Mumbai Railway Vikas [email protected] 09821931647/02222014623
Planning Corporation
2. Mr. C.G. Anand Chief Mechanical Bangalore [email protected] 080-22537519
Engineer (P&TP) Metropolitan
Transport Corporation
3. Mr.AnjumParvez Managing Director Bangalore [email protected] 080-22537500
Metropolitan
Transport Corporation
4. Mr. A.K. Gupta Chief Engineer Delhi Metro Rail [email protected] 09717333816
Planning Corporation
5. Mr.AbhijitLokre Associate Professor CEPT University [email protected] 09898070375

6. Mr.NavdeepAsija Founder of Ecocabs& Graduates Welfare [email protected] 09803152123

Secretary (Admin) Association Fazilka
7. Mr.RakeshKatyal VP BRT & Operations DIMTS [email protected] 01143090226

8. Mr.HimangshuRana Deputy Operations DIMTS [email protected] 09911612118

Manager, BRT
9. Mr. K.V.N. Ravi Executive Engineer Greater Vizakapatnam [email protected] 09948095519
Municipal Corporation
10. Mr.G.Sreekanth Municipal Nanded Municipal [email protected] 02462-234710/234547/
commissioner Corporation 09921044466
11. Mr. Mahesh Thakkur Executive Engineer Municipal Corporation [email protected] 9820019494
(ATC) of Greater Mumbai
12. Mr. Mahesh Pathak Municipal Pune Municipal [email protected] 9323787007,
Commissioner Corporation 020-25501103

94
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sl.No. Name Designation Organization Email Address Phone Number

13. Ms.PriyankaKulkarni PIU, JnNURM Cell Pune Municipal [email protected]

Corporation
14. Mr.SatishBabu Chief System KSRTC [email protected] 07760990183
Engineer
15. Mr.Gururaj Statistical Officer (IT Bangalore KSRTC [email protected] 07760990154
Department)

16. Mr.RanganaGaura Divisional Traffic Mysore KSRTC 07760990750

Controller
17. Mr.PrakashPai Sr. Vice President-IT DIMTS [email protected] 01149378912/09818091702

18. Mr.Baljeet Singh Corporate Strategy DIMTS [email protected] 01143090272/09871524233

Batra
19. Dr. MA. Saleem Addl. Commissioner Bangalore City [email protected] 080-22942276/080-
of Police, Traffic 22862222
20. Mr.AbhijitSarkar G.M. Bus Cluster DIMTS [email protected] 9810076945,
Operations 011-43090150
21. Mr. Kamal Nagar CEO Bhopal City Link [email protected] 09893800308/07552552730
Limited
22. Ms.PreetiMathur OSD JCTSL, Jaipur [email protected] 09799497538
23. Mr.DivendraTiwari Bhopal City Link [email protected] 094244998951
Limited
24. Mr.B.Basalingappa DTO NEKRTC [email protected] 07760992022

25. Mr.A.K.Das Professor Design IIT Guawahati [email protected] 09954027062

95
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Annexure 2 A

Summary of projects considered for screening

Awarded years Entries received Entries awarded as Total awarded Awarded Projects reviewed by IUT Projects not Non
projects reviewed for lack of Awarded
Best Practice Emerg- Site Visit Through response/inactive* projects
Projects ing projects Corres-pondence reviewed
UMI 2008 43 6 4 2 8 1+3 7

UMI 2009 44 7 1 5 3 2

UMI 2010 26 4 2 4 2 2+1

34
UMI 2011 51 6 4 5 5 2

Total 164 23 11 16 18 7+4 7

Total reviewed 23 7
projects
* Inactive projects

96
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Annexure 2 B
Summary of city wise projects reviewed

Sl.No. Name of city Name of city visited Name of city reviewed through Awarded projects Non Awarded projects
correspondence
1. Surat
x  2

2. Guwahati
x  1

3. Delhi  x 7

4. Bangalore  x 6 2

5. Pune
x  4

6. Vadodara
x  1

7. Agartala
x  1

8. Mysore  x 1 1

9. Ahmedabad  x 4

10. Mumbai  x 2

11. Thane
x  1

12. Jaipur  x 1

13. Pimpri Chinchwad

x  1

14. Bhopal  x 1

15. Fazilka
x  1

16. 6 cities, North

east Karnataka
x  1

97
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Sl.No. Name of city Name of city visited Name of city reviewed through Awarded projects Non Awarded projects
correspondence
17. Visakhapatnam  x 1

18. Nanded
x  1

19. Rajkot
x  1

20. Total 34 7
Grand Total 41

98
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Annexure 3
The 12 categories for awards have been grouped into 4 to develop guidelines for replication

99
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Annexure 4

List of Not active /lack of information projects:

Sl No. Project Name City /State Year awarded Present status with reasons
1. Best PPP initiative in urban transport Surat, Gujarat 2008 Not Active

2. Best Environmental friendly project Surat, Gujarat 2008 Not Active response

3. Special awards for the preparation of CMP Agartala, Tripura 2008 No response

4. Special awards for scientific management of auto Pune, Maharastra 2008 Project closed due to some political
rickshaws discrepancies
5. Traffic improvement scheme(Best integrated Thane, Maharasatra 2009 No response
multimodal system)
6. Best Research work in urban transport Ahmedabad, Gujarat 2009 No response

7. Best Clean development mechanism Bangalore, karnataka 2010 Project closed due to unavailability of
ethanol supply
8. Commendable emerging initiative Jaipur, Rajasthan 2010 No response

9. Commendable emerging initiative Pimpri- 2010 No response

Chinchwad,Maharastra
10. New Initiative in traffic engineering and Pune, Maharastra 2011 No response
management
11. Best project on inclusive development Bangalore 2011 No response

100
 Best Practices in Urban Transport

Annexure 5
Repeat Awards to certain projects

Category of Awards Year of Award Name of organization

1. Best Intelligent transport project 2011 Ahmedabad Municipal corporation

2. . Best New Innovation Project 2010 Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

3. Best Mass Transit Project 2008 Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation

1. Best NMT Project 2010 2010 DIMTS

2. Best Cycle Rickshaw/ Cycle transport Project 2008 DIMTS

1. Best Clean Development Mechanism 2011 DMRC

2. Best Transit Project (BRTS, Metro/LRT etc.) 2009 DMRC

3. Best Clean Development Mechanism Project/ Best 2008 DMRC

Environment Friendly Project

1. New Initiative in Traffic Engineering & Management Project 2011 Bangalore traffic police

2. Best Intelligent Transport System Project 2009

101
Best Practices in Urban Transport

Institute of Urban Transport

(IUT), India

1st Floor, Anand Vihar Metro

Station, Near Gate No. 1,Delhi-
110092

Email: [email protected] 1

Phone No: 011-66578700-709

Fax No. 011-66578733